I-Mexico inezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ze-Marine Fauna futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, zinhle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, amanzi aseMexico ahlala ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala njalo, izilwane ezingabonakala kuphela kule ndawo yomhlaba. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngazo zonke Izilwane Zasolwandle ZaseMexico, ungacabangi nakancane ngokushiya ungakayifundi ngokuphelele lesi sihloko esikhulu.
I-Marine Fauna yaseMexico
Izilwane zasolwandle zaseMexico zihlukahlukene futhi zicebe kangangokuthi kufanelekile ukwazi kahle ngazo kuyo yonke iplanethi enguMhlaba. Ngezansi, uzokwazi ukubona uhlu oluningiliziwe lwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu neziyingqayizivele zazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle zaseMexico, zonke ngenhloso yokunikeza ukubonakala okwengeziwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa noma esinye, kwezinye izindawo. emhlabeni abawazi, ngokuvamile baziwa kakhulu, ingasaphathwa eyezinye zazo zisengozini yokushabalala.
I-Vaquita Marina
I-vaquita porpoise, noma ngokwesayensi eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-Phocoena sinus, iyi-cetacean encane kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi silwane sitholakala kuphela emanzini aseMexico, okusenza sibe uhlobo olutholakala kuleli zwe elifanayo. Ubude bayo buvamise ukuba phakathi kwamamitha angu-1,4 no-1,6 sebebonke, kanti futhi ingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50.
Lolu hlobo lwe-porpoise lunamahloni ngokwedlulele, futhi cishe njalo luzokhetha ukuhamba lodwa, noma ngamaqembu abantu ababili noma abathathu kuphela. Nokho, ngezikhathi eziyingqayizivele kuye kwabonwa amaqembu ahlukene phakathi kweziyisishiyagalombili neziyishumi. Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ngokuphelele ezinhlanzini ezihlukene ze-demersal, okungukuthi, izinhlanzi ezihlala phansi olwandle, njenge-sea bass, i-trout noma i-squid.
Namuhla, ngeshwa, i-vaquita marina isengozini enkulu yokushabalala, nokho, ngo-1993, uhulumeni wobumbano wakha i-Biosphere Reserve kuyo yonke ingxenye engenhla yeGulf of California kanye neDelta yoMfula iColorado, konke lokhu ukuze kuvikelwe. izinhlobo ezahlukene zasolwandle, kodwa ikakhulukazi, i-vaquita porpoise.
Naphezu kwalokhu, ngo-1996, i-IUCN, noma i-International Union for Conservation of Nature, yaqala ukubheka ama-vaquita porpoise njengohlobo olusengozini yokushabalala. Futhi ngalokhu, bacela ukuthi yonke imizamo yangaphambilini uhulumeni nezakhamuzi abayenzile iphindwe ukuze kuzuzwe ngendlela efanele ukongiwa kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane oluhle kakhulu futhi oluwuphawu lwazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle zaleli zwe elikhulu.
Ngeshwa, ngo-2015 kwenziwa izifundo ezehlukene lapho kuboniswe khona ukuthi inombolo yamanje yama-vaquitas yizibonelo ezikhona ezingama-97 kuphela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kusetshenziswa amanetha e-gill ukuze kubanjwe ama-totoaba, okungenye yezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle zaseMexico futhi ngeshwa, futhi ezisengozini yokushabalala, kuyimbangela eyinhloko yazo zonke izinsongo ama-vaquita abhekana nazo njengamanje.
i-totoaba
I-totoaba, noma njengoba yaziwa ngokwesayensi, i-Totoaba macdonaldi. Iwuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ngokuvamile ezinobude obuphelele obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-1,8 no-2, singabali isisindo sazo, esingaba phakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-100 kuya kwangu-150. Njenge-vaquita marina, i-totoaba nayo iwuhlobo lwezilwane zasolwandle ezitholakala eMexico. Ngokukhethekile, ama-totoaba ahlala ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeGulf of California kanye nasoLwandle lwaseCortez. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzi kanye nezimfanzi.
Ngeshwa lalolu hlobo olukhulu lwezinhlanzi, i-totoaba inesinye esibaluleke ngendlela ehlekisayo sokubhukuda emakethe enkulu yaseShayina, ecekela phansi inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane nakho konke ukuzuma kwayo okudayiswayo. Kusukela kushaka, i-totoaba, ngisho nokudlula kobhejane nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke.
Ngo-2015, ngo-April 16, owayengumongameli waseMexico ngaleso sikhathi, u-Enrique Peña Nieto, uzomemezela uhlelo lokuhlenga nokongiwa kwe-vaquita marina kanye ne-totoaba. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo etshalwe uhulumeni waseMexico, kubonakala sengathi ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kwe-totoaba, okubuye kukhiqize ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kwe-vaquita marina, akukapheli nhlobo. Eqinisweni, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuneziphathimandla ezimbalwa kanye nabantu abayingxenye yokuphatha yezwe, abathintekayo kubo bonke lobu buphekula ngokumelene nengcebo yaseMexico.
Ngeshwa kuleli zwe, alikho iqembu lezinkampani zase-Mexico elize noma eliye lazama ukwenza nge-totoaba into efanayo eyenziwa yiqembu elikhulu le-Balfégo nge-bluefin tuna evela e-Mediterranean Sea. Iqembu le-Balfégo lidale amapulazi angamamodeli, lapho i-tuna ingafinyelela kalula ebudaleni, okuvumela iplanethi yonke ukuthi ihlinzekwe ngalolu hlobo olubalulekile nolufunwayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudoba lolu hlobo lwezilwane ngokungemthetho, noma ukuletha imiphumela ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. yezilwane zasolwandle zaseMedithera.
Kubukwe ividiyo mayelana nokugcwala kabusha kwama-totoabas atholakala e-Upper Gulf of California Reserve, ividiyo okumenyezelwe kuyo ukuthi kukhululwe iminwe engaphezu kuka-20.000. Ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezitholakala ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini, ngaphandle kokubala yonke ingozi yokungcola lapho zibhekene khona ngenxa yokusondela kwazo; Isibalo esingu-20.000 uma sisehlukanisa ngeminyaka engu-19 isibalo sabantu esiphinde sahlala, sinikeza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sezibonelo eziyi-1.052 unyaka ngamunye. Ngeshwa, lesi samba siphansi kakhulu, njengoba kukhona izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kwama-totoaba amadala kunezibalo eziningi ngosuku.
Ufudu lwe-Hawksbill
I-hawksbill turtle, noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Eretmochelys imbricata, iwuhlobo lofudu lwasolwandle okwamanje olusaqhubeka nokuhlala emanzini endaweni yaseMexico. Nokho, namuhla lolu fudu oluhle lusengozini enkulu. Ufudu lwe-hawksbill lujabulela ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi ngokwedlulele kuwo wonke amanzi afudumele ale planethi, futhi ikakhulukazi, iGulf of Mexico ingenye yezindawo ezithandwayo zokuzalela futhi yenze yonke inqubo yalo yokuzalanisa emabhishi aseMexico. Lezi zimfudu ezinhle zingaba amasentimitha angu-90 ubude, futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-80.
Lolu hlobo olukhulu noluhle lwe-Sauropsida reptile oda ludla izinhlobo ezahlukene zezipontshi, kuhlanganise neziningi ezinobuthi. Ukudla kwabo okunezipontshi kulekelelwa ngenani elikhulu le-jellyfish noma ezinye izidalwa ezilumayo, okuhlanganisa nendoda eyaziwa kakhulu futhi eyingozi yama-Portuguese man-of-war, noma ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi iPhysalia physalis. Lezi zimfudu ziyakwazi ukudla lezi zilwane ngaphandle kwenkinga, ngoba isikhumba sazo siminyene kakhulu, ngokwanele ukuba i-jellyfish sting ingazithinta.
Eqinisweni, ukwehla okukhulu kwazo zonke izibonelo zalezi zimfudu zasolwandle ezinhle ngenxa yalokho kubangele ukuhlasela okukhulu kwe-jellyfish ehlukahlukene ogwini nasemabhishi emhlabeni jikelele. Okubuye kubangele ukulimala kanye nokuluma okubangelwa i-jellyfish ukuthi kukhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
I-Giant Humboldt Squid
I-Dodiscus gigas, noma evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Giant Humboldt Squid, noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-colloquially ngabadobi boLwandle lwaseCortez ngokuthi "idemoni elibomvu". Emanzini afudumele eGulf of California, ingwane enkulu kaHumboldt edla lubi futhi enkulu ikhula ngokusatshalaliswa enyakatho futhi naseningizimu yogu emngceleni woLwandlekazi iPacific kanye nogu lwamazwekazi womabili aseMelika. Eqinisweni, kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezibonelo e-Alaska, futhi ziye zanda kakhulu ePeru.
Ngeshwa kubantu, lezi ngwane ziyingozi kakhulu kubo bonke abantu, empeleni, ukuhlaselwa okuhlukahlukene kwalezi ngwane ngokumelene nabatshuzi kuye kwabhalwa izikhathi eziningi. Basolwa nangokunyamalala kwabadobi abangabuyanga osukwini lwabo lokudoba nsuku zonke.
Lezi zingwane ezinkulu ze-Humboldt zingafinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-1,9 no-2,1, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi lezi ziqhwaga ngokuvamile zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-45. Ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi lapho le ngwane yanda, njengomphumela omubi, inani le-hake liqala ukwehla kakhulu futhi phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezohwebo, yilapho le ngwane iqala khona ukuqoqa amanzi amasha.
I-Sea Casserole
I-Limulus polyphemus, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-sea pan. Lesi isilwane ngokushintshana, siphinde sithole amagama ahlukene njengenkalankala ye-bayonet noma inkalankala yesicathulo samahhashi; le arthropod iyinsalela ephilayo ngempela, futhi ngeshwa, namuhla isengozini enkulu yokushabalala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ithola igama lezinkalankala ezihlukahlukene, iqiniso liwukuthi lesi silwane asiyona ngisho ne-crustacean, njengoba i-sea pan, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-arthropod ehlobene nezicabucabu.
Isici esibonakalayo esibonisa kakhulu lesi silwane esinelukuluku i-spike ende ehambayo ephuma emzimbeni waso futhi ivikelwe igobolondo laso. Amapani olwandle ngokuvamile akala phakathi kwekhilogremu eyodwa noma amabili, futhi angakala cishe amasentimitha angu-60 ubude. Kulolu hlobo lwezilwane kukhona ubufakazi be-dimorphism yobulili, ngoba abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zabo igqitshwa esihlabathini, futhi ukudla kwabo konke kusekelwe ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla ezihlukene kanye nezikelemu. Lezi zilwane ezihehayo zinenkathi yokuphila elinganiselwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-31 ubudala.
Izinkalankala ze-Horseshoe, noma izimbiza zasolwandle, zibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imboni yemithi, njengoba igazi lalezi zilwane ezinelukuluku liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi linamangqamuzana abizwa ngokuthi ama-amebocyte, amangqamuzana akhiqiza uketshezi olujiyayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-LAL. I-LAL isetshenziswa embonini yezemithi ukuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lokungcoliswa kwamagciwane emishinini yezokwelapha ehlukene, izidakamizwa, noma njengokuhlola izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Izinkalankala zezicathulo zamahhashi ezisetshenziselwa yonke le mboni "ziyasengwa" okungenani kanye ngonyaka elabhorethri ehlome ngokuphelele, bese lezi zilwane zibuyiselwa endaweni efanayo lapho zibanjwe khona kuqala; Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, balulama ngokugcwele futhi bangaqhubeka nokuphila kwabo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngenxa yocwaningo nophenyo olwahlukene, kuye kwatholakala ngokujabulisayo ukuthi igazi lalezi zilwane lingasetshenziswa ukuthola i-meningitis kanye nomdlavuza.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane emanzini aseMexico kutholakala eGulf of Mexico nakho konke okuyi-Mexican Caribbean.
Umnenke Obomvana
I-queen conch, noma njengoba yaziwa emhlabeni wesayensi, i-Lobatus gigas, iyikhonsathi enkulu, enhle impela enombala obomvana obonakala kakhulu endaweni yayo yangaphakathi. Lesi sici sisenze saba isilwane esifunwa kakhulu nesifiswa kakhulu yibo bonke labo baqoqi begobolondo. Ngeshwa, lokhu kuhaha okufanayo kwabaqoqi, okunezelwa eqinisweni lokuthi inyama yaleminenke iyadliwa, kuye kwasho ukuthi namuhla lolu hlobo olwaziswayo lusongelwa kakhulu.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bomdabu babefika bezokwenza izitsha ezihlukahlukene besebenzisa igobolondo eliqinile lomnenke obomvana. Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zitsha namathuluzi ungathola izimbazo, izingwegwe, amakama, imimese nezitsha ezingapheli ezingenziwa kusetshenziswa igobolondo lalesi silwane esihle nesiyingqayizivele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqamisa ukusatshalaliswa kwalesi silwane; Namuhla, i-queen conch isatshalaliswa kulo lonke ugu lweGulf of Mexico kanye nalo lonke ugu lwaseMexico lwaseCaribbean. Eqinisweni, sikhuluma ngomnenke omkhulu wasolwandle okhona kuyo yonke iNyakatho neMelika Ephakathi.
inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma njengoba igama layo lesayensi libonisa, i-Callinectes sapidus, noma eyaziwa kwezinye izifunda ngokuthi inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma sikhuluma ngalesi silwane, sikhuluma nge-crustacean enamapheya amahlanu emilenze. Ubukhulu obuphelele balo lonke igobolondo buhluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angaba ngu-20 no-23; isici esiyinhloko abanaso umbala wabo ompunga omuhle futhi oyisici oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nokho, abesifazane bahluke kakhulu kwabesilisa, ngoba nabo banombala osawolintshi ezihlokweni zayo yonke imilenze yabo.
Endabeni yendawo yayo yemvelo, inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namuhla isakazwa kulo lonke ugu lwe-Atlantic lwamazwekazi amabili aseMelika. Endabeni yaseMexico, inani elikhulu lenkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ligxile eGulf of Mexico.
Lawa ma-crustaceans amahle futhi ayingqayizivele ayizilwane ze-omnivorous, futhi ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ku-algae, izinhlanzi, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans kanye ne-carrion. Lena inkalankala edla lubi, futhi ikakhulukazi lezi izinkalankala zinenani eliphezulu kakhulu lezentengiselwano ezimakethe emhlabeni wonke, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunambitheka kwale crustacean kungase kufane nelobster eyigugu neyaziwayo. .
Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngazo zonke izilwane ezikhona kuyo yonke iplanethi enguMhlaba, ungangabazi okwesikhashana ukuhamba ungakaqali ukufunda esinye salezi zihloko ezintathu ezinhle:
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezilwane Ngokudla kwazo