Izimpawu zoshaka ziyinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele bonke labo abafuna ukufunda noma ukuthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile locwaningo ngabo bayazi. Baye baba khona kusukela kudala, baba enye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu.Okulandelayo, uzofunda ngezici zoshaka nezinye izici ezibalulekile.
Ushaka
Ushaka uyisilwane esihlukaniswa njengesilwane esizingelayo, sinedumela lokuba isilwane esibi, njengoba sazi kahle, esihlupha ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle, kuhlanganise nabantu, ngakho ezimweni eziningi lapho behlangana eduze kakhulu noshaka, abe nemiphumela ebulalayo. Isilwane sasolwandle esesatshwa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla aso okucekela phansi, siyashesha kakhulu futhi singangena ekujuleni okuhlukene ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kusukela ekuveleni kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane kuze kube manje, luye lwaba nenguquko ephawulekayo, luyishintsha lwaba isilwane esihle kakhulu, lunohlobo lwe-anatomy yohlobo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okungukuthi, luyathuthuka njengoba iminyaka ihamba. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-360 zalesi silwane, lesi saziwa nangokuthi ushaka, unikezwa negama elithi Jaqueton, Baziwa kanje ushaka omhlophe kanye noshaka oyinkunzi, ngenxa yokushabalala kwawo okuqhubekayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukungalingani kolwandle.
Izimpawu Zoshaka
Uma usungena esihlokweni, izici zoshaka zizoboniswa, ezikhonjiswe kanje:
- Ziyizilwane ezihlala emndenini wezinhlanzi.
- Okubhekwa njengohlaka lwamathambo awo luyinto eyakhiwe isethi yoqwanga olunezicubu ezithambile nesisindo esingaphansi kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi ithambo.
- Indlela eziphefumula ngayo ikhethekile, ngolwelwesi olungakwesobunxele nesokudla emizimbeni yazo, ngamachopho aphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi, njengezinye izinhlanzi.
- Ukuze bagweme ukubonwa izisulu zabo noma abahlaseli bazo, banekhono lokuzifihla.
- Imibala yemizimba yazo imnyama kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla, kanti ingxenye engezansi inombala ofana nompunga noma omhlophe.
- Isikhumba salezi zilwane siwugqinsi impela, futhi simaholoholo futhi sinokumelana okukhulu, lokhu kuzivikela lapho zilwa nezinye izilwane futhi nasekuhlaselweni okungenzeka zikuthola.
- Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ubukhulu bawo buyahlukahluka, nokho-ke, ushaka womkhomo mkhulu kunabo bonke futhi ubalwe ukuthi ungamamitha angu-18 ubude.
- Esinye sezici ezidume kabi ngoshaka ukuthi isikhumba sabo siklanywe ngendlela yokuthi bakwazi ukunyakaza buthule.
- Amazinyo aso angahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lukashaka, isici esithile enaso ukuthi ngemva kokuhlasela noma ukulwa nawo unamandla okuzivuselela.
- Ezindabeni zokuzingela, oshaka bangabona ukudlidliza kukagesi okubasiza ukuthi bathole impoqo yabo, basebenza kakhulu ebusuku futhi isikhathi esiningi bahamba bodwa. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezithanda ubudlelwano uma sekuyisikhathi sokushada.
- Ngokuqondene nempilo efanayo, lokhu kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 futhi endabeni ye-Bull shark, ijwayela ukuphila emanzini angenasawoti noma emanzini anosawoti.
Injani indawo yoshaka?
Indawo abahlala kuyo ulwandle, emhlabeni wonke singazithola noma yikuphi futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi zilwane kuncike ezintweni ezithile ezifana nezinga lokushisa nokujula kwamanzi, zikhona nezinye izinto ezincike ekwakheni indawo yazo njengokuthi ubungako bamanzi. ukudla abangakuthola.
Mayelana nalolu daba lwendawo yokuhlala, esinye sezici eziyinhloko zoshaka ukuthi bazivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi indawo. Uma kufanele bahlale emanzini angashoni bazokwenza njalo futhi uma kufanele bahlale phansi olwandle bazokwenza kanjalo noma olwandle oluvulekile uma kunesidingo, ngokuvamile bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezipholile kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo. .
ukudla oshaka
Njengezici zoshaka ngokudla, okufanele sikuqaphele ukuthi bayahlukahluka kakhulu kule ndawo. Ziyakwazi ukudla cishe noma yini, kodwa ukudla ezikuthandayo yi-plankton, izinkalankala, izimfanzi noma amanye ama-crustaceans futhi kwezinye izimo zingadla abanye oshaka. Ukuze bathole ukudla ngokushesha, basebenzisa umuzwa wabo wokuhogela othuthukisiwe obenza bakwazi ukubona ukudla okuseduze kakhulu.
inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha
Azikho izici eziningi zoshaka ezingazalana, ikakhulukazi okugqamayo ukuthi kungenzeka uma sebefinyelele isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokocansi. Ezimweni eziningi, le nqubo yenzeka lapho bephakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 neyi-15.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, oshaka bangaba nomdlwane owodwa noma emibili, indlela abayisebenzisayo ukuzala ingahluka, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-viviparous okusho ukuthi ushaka uzalwa usuphelele.
Njengenye indlela encane, oshaka basebenzisa i- ukukhiqizwa kwe-oviparous futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzala inzalo elungele ukuphila, lokhu kwenzeka ngoba iqanda likashaka lihlala ngaphakathi esibelethweni, liyaqhuma kubangele ukuthi ushaka azalwe eselungele ukungena ezigigabeni zolwandle.
Izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zoshaka
Njengoba sichazile ngaphambilini, kunenani elikhulu loshaka, nokho, ngezansi, sizokukhombisa isifinyezo lapho izinhlobo ezivelele zalezi zilwane zichazwa kabanzi:
Ushaka omhlophe
Lesi silwane saziwa ngokuthi I-Carcharodon Carcharis, Isilinganiso salesi silwane singamamitha angu-7,5, sinosayizi othathwa njengokukhanya.
Ithola igama le- Ushaka omhlophe ngoba inqwaba yezitho zomzimba wayo zimhlophe, kanti ingemuva layo lonke limpunga ngokukhanyayo.
Ushaka wezinkunzi
Igama lesayensi elinikezwe lokhu lithi I-Carcharia Taurus. Kodwa-ke, emhlabeni wonke inani elikhulu lamagama linikezwa, njenge Intombi Shark o I-Sand Tiger Shark, lokhu kungokweqembu I-Odontaspididae. Ubukhulu balezi zilwane buyi-3,5 amamitha njengesilinganiso esiphezulu futhi isisindo sazo sisuka ku-90 kuya ku-200 kg.
Ingaphandle lonke lalo shaki limbozwe ngokumpunga futhi indawo yesisu imhlophe. Njengezici ze izinkunzi oshaka sigqamisa njengokubaluleke kakhulu ukuzijwayeza ukuhlala ezindaweni ezehlukene, njengoba ingahlala emanzini ahlanzekile nasemanzini anosawoti (ihlala emifuleni nasezilwandle).
I-Thresher Shark
Loshaka waziwa kuye ngendawo enamagama ahlukahlukene. Rabon, Big Eyed Fox y I-Fox Ebukwayo. Manje uma siya egameni lesayense lakho, leligama lingu I-Alopias superciliosus, Mayelana nombala walesi silwane, ingxenye yesisu saso imhlophe futhi ubuso baso buNsundu Omnyama. Lo mbala uholela ekudidekeni kubantu abangase bawubone njengombala ompunga futhi kokunye ube mnyama.
Isilinganiso salokhu ngokwesayizi sazo sisuka ku-3 kuya ku-4 wamamitha ezimeni ezijwayelekile, ubukhulu bawo bungamamitha angu-5 futhi uma sikhuluma ngesisindo sawo, sihamba ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-160 kg kuya ku-360 kg.
Ushaka Oluhlaza
Lena imodeli yoshaka enegama lesayensi I-Prionace Glauca, okufanayo ngaphandle kwaleli gama libuye libe namanye aqanjwe ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuyenzeka ukuthi ngokufunda kwezinye izindawo uthole amagama afana I-Caella, i-Azulejo, i-Caguella noma i-Blue Shark.
Mayelana nemibala lesi silwane sithathwa njengesihle kwabasibonile, lokhu kungenxa yokuhlangana kwemibala esinayo okuyisisu esimhlophe qwa esihlangene ne-metallic blue kukho konke okungemuva. okufanayo. Ubukhulu balo shaki bucishe bube ngamamitha angu-2.5 kanti ngokwesisindo bawo bungama-80 kg.
Tiger shark
Lolu hlobo lukashaka lwaziwa ngokuthi I-Galeocerdo cuvier ngokwesayensi futhi ngokuhlanganyela abaningi bathi "ingwe yasolwandle”. Ungowomndeni ka I-Carchahinidae futhi iyaziwa ngoba ingomunye woshaka abakhulu, lobu bukhulu busukela ku-3 kuya ku-4.5 wamamitha ngokwesilinganiso, kuthiwa ngokukhula kwabo bangafinyelela kumamitha angu-7 kwezinye izimo ngesisindo esiphelele sama-600. kg.
Izici zoshaka balolu hlobo ngokwemibala yinhlanganisela eyakhiwe yisisu esiluhlaza noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, le mibala iphinde isebenze emhlane wayo futhi ivumele ukuthi izifihle.
Whale shark
Lona ushaka ogama lakhe lesayensi liwukuthi I-Rhincodon Typus futhi ungowomndeni ka i-rhinocodontidae, Kubuye kwaziwe ngamagama afana nalawa izinhlanzi ze-domino nokuthi kanjani Izinhlanzi zamakhosikazi.
Yonke ingxenye yesisu sayo imhlophe futhi ingemuva layo limpunga okumnyama impela, nxazonke linamachashaza e-polka aphuzi namhlophe ahlanganayo akha imigqa evundlile neqondile. Ubukhulu bayo buphelele ngamamitha ayi-12.