Isigodi Samakhosi: amathuna oFaro

Osebeni olusentshonalanga yeNayile, eduze kwaseLuxor kukhona isigodi esikhulu lapho oFaro baseGibhithe lasendulo banquma ukusungula i-necropolis yabo nokuthi namuhla siyazi ngokuthi iSigodi Samakhosi.

Ukuphila ngemva kokufa kwakuyinto ebalulekile esikweni laseGibhithe lasendulo futhi ukuphila kwakuphilwa kulungiselelwa lesi sikhathi ukufinyelela komunye umhlaba. Isibonelo ngamathuna oFaro ababewakhile, ukuze kuqinisekiswe indlela ephephile eya ezweni labafileyo futhi babuye futhi ngokuphuma kwelanga.

Isiko laseGibhithe kanye nempilo emva kokufa

AbaseGibhithe bacabanga kanjalo Ngemva kokufa, umphefumulo kamufi waya ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, lapho ayenethemba lokuthola umzimba wakhe nazo zonke lezo zinto ayehambe nazo. Ethuneni.

Konke lokhu kwaholela ekugcwalisekeni okukhulu izinhlobonhlobo zamasiko indawo yokugcina izidumbu kanye nokugcinwa kwezidumbu.

La ukucwiliswa kwesidumbu kwakuyindlela yokulondoloza umzimba womuntu ukukhonza ngemva kokufa. Izifihla-buso zomngcwabo, i-sarcophagi ezinomfanekiso wabafileyo nezigcwele imibala zazingasiza umphefumulo kamufi ukuba uthole isidumbu sakhe.

Amathuna kwakudingeka ahlinzekwe ngakho konke (ukudla, ingcebo, njll...) okwakudingeka ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.

Isigodi Samakhosi

Ngesikhathi soMbuso Omusha (1539-1075 BC) le ndawo yayizokhethwa ukuba kungcwatshwe kuyo oFaro. nemindeni yabo. Amathuna alungiselelwa omunye umhlaba, lapho kwathenjiswa ukuqhubeka kwempilo yabantu futhi oFaro bayoba onkulunkulu.

Este Le ndawo ibilokhu iyintandokazi yabaphangi bamathuna nabavubukuli, asebeneminyaka eminingi befuna kuyo futhi isaqhubeka nokumangaza.. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amathuna amaningi angase ahlale efihliwe namuhla aphangiwe, nokho-ke, izimanga zingase zibonakale njengoba kwenzekile lapho kutholakala ithuna laseTutankhamun liphelele.

Yimaphi amakhosi angcwatshwa lapho?

Okwamanje, Kutholwe amathuna angama-65 eSigodini, ezinye zazo azikakambiwa futhi ezinye zithole udumo olukhulu, njengeThuna laseTutankhamun (ithuna i-KV62).

Esigodini bangcwatshwa OFaro Weshumi Nesishiyagalombili, Oweshumi Nesishiyagalolunye, nowamashumi Amabili. Kowokuqala walezi zizukulwane kwakukhona uThutmose I omkhulu, owabusa kusukela ngo-1504 kuya ku-1492 BC. C. Uyinkosi yokuqala eyaziwayo eyashiya i-necroposis ka-Dra Abu el-Naga, lapho amakhosi ayehlele khona amathuna awo. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe sicabange ngaye njengowokuqala owasungula lesiSigodi njenge-necropolis.

Kungenzeka ukuthi lesi Sigodi ekuqaleni sasiyindawo yamathuna omndeni, ngoba kusukela eNkathini Yeshumi Nesishiyagalombili asitholi nje amathuna oFaro kodwa futhi namathuna amancane amakhosazana, izikhulu nezindlovukazi, kanye nezinye izikhulu eziseduze nomndeni kaFaro.

Ngemva kokuvela kweSigodi SaseQueens, le pharamitha izoshintsha, futhi amathuna amancane ayeyoncipha kakhulu ngenani.

kuzoba yi amathuna oBukhosi beshumi nesishiyagalombili okokugcina ukutholakala ngenxa yokucasha okukhulu abenziwe ngakho amathikithi akho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uThutmose I ngokwakhe wayezothuma isandla sakhe sokunene, umakhi u-Ineni, ukuthi akhe ithuna lakhe njengemfihlo enkulu kunazo zonke. U-Inini ngokwakhe wayeziqhayisa ngabo ebeka: akekho owangibona, akekho owangizwa.

Laba bofaro, ngokuphambene nalokho okwenzeka eMbusweni Omdala bashiya eceleni imibhoshongo edumile, okunzima ukuvikela amathuna ukugwema ukugetshengwa futhi banquma ukuzingcwaba endaweni eqhelile, okunzima ukufinyelela kuyo futhi lapho ukuphumula kwabo kwakungaqinisekiswa khona. Indawo ekhethiwe kwakunguLuxor.

Ukuzenzisa okukhulu ababekucabangela lapho benza la mathuna, kuyadingeka anezele ngokuthi kwakukhona ukudilika kwenhlabathi eSigodini okwaqhubeka kufihla iminyango. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi amaThuna aseTutankhamun naseYuya y Tuya atholakale eqinile.

I-XNUMXst Dynasty yanquma ukuhambisa inhloko-dolobha yaseGibhithe iye eTanis, into eyenza ukuthi alibaleke amathuna alesi sigodi.

Uhlu lwamathuna aziwayo ahlotshaniswa noFaro noma izihlobo:

• I-KV1 Ithuna likaFaro Ramesses VII Lobukhosi Bama-XNUMX
• I-KV2 Ithuna likaFaro Ramesses IV Lobukhosi Bama-XNUMX
• Ithuna le-KV3 lendodana ka-Ramesses III Wobukhosi Bama-XNUMX
• I-KV4 Ithuna likaFaro Ramesses XI lobukhosi bama-XNUMX
• Ithuna le-KV5 lamadodana kaRamses II we-XIX Dynasty
• I-KV6 Ithuna likaFaro Ramesses IX Lobukhosi Bama-XNUMX
• Ithuna le-KV7 likaFaro uRamses II wobukhosi be-XNUMX
• I-KV8 Ithuna likaFaro Merenptah kusukela ku-XNUMXth Dynasty
• Ithuna le-KV9 likafaro u-Ramesses V no-Ramesses VI we-XNUMXth Dynasty
• I-KV10 Ithuna likaFaro Amenmeses kusukela ku-XNUMXth Dynasty
• I-KV11 Ithuna likaFaro Ramses III Wobukhosi Bama-XNUMX
• I-KV13 Tomb of Bay, i-XNUMXth Dynasty canviller yaseSiptah
• Ithuna le-KV14 likaFaro uTausert noSethnajt, i-XNUMXth-XNUMXth Dynasties
• I-KV 15 Ithuna likaFaro Sethy II, Ubukhosi be-XNUMX
• I-KV16 Ithuna likaFaro u-Ramesses I wobukhosi be-XNUMX
• Ithuna le-KV17 likaFaro Sethy I wobukhosi be-XNUMX
• I-KV18 Ithuna likaFaro u-Ramesses X Wobukhosi Bama-XNUMX
• Ithuna le-KV19 likaMentuhirjopshef, indodana kaRamesses IX, ubukhosi be-XNUMX
• I-KV20 Ithuna Lama-Daraons U-Thutmose I no-Hatshepsut, Bobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-WV22 Ithuna LikaFaro Amenhotep III Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-WV23 Ithuna likaFaro Ay kusukela eNkolweni Yeshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV32 Ithuna lika-Tiaa, unina kaThutmose IV Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV34 Ithuna LikaFaro Thutmose III Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV35 Ithuna LikaFaro Amenhotep II Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Ithuna le-KV36 likaMaiherpi, isikhulu saseNubian esivela enkantolo kaThutmose IV weNkathi Yeshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV38 Ithuna likaFaro uThutmose I Wozalo Lweshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Ithuna le-KV39 elingaba khona likaFaro Amenhotep I we-Eightteenth Dynasty
• I-KV40 Idiphozithi yezimpahla zamathuna, izidumbu kanye nokungcwatshwa kwakamuva kwesigebengu, ithuna langoMkhosi Weshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV42 Ithuna lika-Hatshepsut Meritra, unkosikazi kaThutmose III, kodwa elisetshenziswa uSennefer, imeya yaseThebes ngezinsuku zika-Amenhotep II, ingeyoMbuso Weshumi Nesishiyagalombili.
• I-KV43 Ithuna LikaFaro Thutmose IV Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Ithuna le-KV45 lika-Userhat, isikhulu kusukela ngesikhathi sikaThutmose IV weNkathi Yeshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Amathuna e-KV46 ka-Yuya no-Tuya, abasekhweni lika-Amenhotep III Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV47 Ithuna likaFaro Siptah kusukela ku-XNUMXth Dynasty
• Ithuna le-KV48 lika-Amenemopet, i-vizier ka-Amenhotep II Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV50, i-KV51 kanye ne-KV52 Animal Tombs (mhlawumbe izilwane ezifuywayo zase-Amenhotep II) kusukela eNkathini Yeshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV54 Warehouse yethuna likaTutankhamen Lobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Ithuna lika-KV55 likaTiy, umka-Amenhotep II, kanye no-Akhenaten, indodana ka-Amenhotep II weNkathi Yeshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• KV56 okuthiwa ithuna legolide, mhlawumbe indodana kaSeti II, we-XNUMXth-XNUMXth Dynasties
• I-KV57 Ithuna likaFaro eHoremhebi Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV58 Amadiphozithi avela ethuneni laseHoremhebi Wobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• I-KV60 Tomb of Sitra In, umhlengikazi we-XNUMXth Dynasty Hatshepsut
• Ithuna elingenalutho le-KV61 alikaze lisetshenziswe
• I-KV62 Ithuna likaFaro Tutankhamun kusukela Obukhosini Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Idiphozithi ye-KV63 yezinsalela zempahla yamathuna evela kuMkhosi Weshumi Nesishiyagalombili
• Ithuna le-KV64 Lenkosazana Yobukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili Elinomngcwabo Wakamuva Womgulukudu
• Ithuna le-KV65 elatholwa ngo-2008 futhi namanje alikambiwa

Amathuna adume kakhulu eSigodini Samakhosi

Angu-11 amathuna angavakashelwa esiGodini saMakhosi, nakuba konke kuncike esikhathini esinaso ngawo, futhi awavulwa wonke kanye kanye. Ezinye izibonelo zala mathuna angabonwa yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ithuna likaRamses IV

Ithuna elibalulekile, eligcwele upende futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza elinye lamathuna azothinta isihambi. Kuyithuna lamaphasishi namakholomu agcwele umbala nama-hieroglyphs. Ngesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi kanye nelukuluku, iyona kuphela enemibhalo evela encwadini kaNut.

Ithuna likaRamses VI

Ingelinye lamathuna agcinwe kahle kakhulu ngokomhlobiso wezindonga zawo. Kulokhu kufanele sengeze ubuhle begumbi lokungcwaba lapho sithola khona i-sarcophagus nokuthi lihlotshiswe ngophahla lwezinkanyezi.

Ithuna lamadodana kaRameses II

Yithuna elikhulu kunawo wonke elitholakala esigodini, lokho kungenxa yokuthi lo Faro wayenenzalo eminingi, okwabangela ukuba lihlale likhula. Amakhamera asaqhubeka nokutholwa kuze kube namuhla.

Ithuna likaMerenptah

Elinye lamathuna amakhulu kunawo wonke esigodini, agcwele amaphasishi ahlotshiswe ngezigcawu ezivela eNcwadini Yabafileyo, Incwadi Yeminyango kanye neNcwadi ka-Amduat, ukufinyelela ekamelweni lokugcina eline-sarcophagus.

Ithuna likaTutankhamun

Ngokungangabazeki omunye woFaro owaziwa kakhulu uTutankhamun, inkosi yomfana, naye owasungula ithuna lakhe kulesi sigodi. Uma ufuna ukumazi kanye nethuna lakhe, sincoma ukuthi ufunde: Ithuna likaTutankhamun: IGibhithe ethuneni lenkosi yomntwana

Kukhona oFaro balezi zizukulwane amathuna abo angakatholakali futhi ashiya umnyango uvulekele izinto ezintsha ezitholakele. esigodini noma endaweni engumakhelwane.