Impucuko yaseGibhithe lasendulo yakhanga amehlo omhlaba wonke kusukela imvelaphi yayo, okuyinto, njengoba i-cosmogony yayo ilandisa, iqala eMfuleni iNayile. kakhulu. Ngisho nalabo abangasithandi lesi siqeshana sezwe lasendulo bazwile ngaso, bayazi ngamaphiramidi, i-sphinx kanye nethuna likaTutankhamun, inkosi yomfana. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaye ngokuqondile: wayengubani futhi kungani enguFaro owaziwa kakhulu kunabo bonke.
Wayengubani uTutankhamun?
Uma sibheka ulwazi mayelana nokuthi wayengubani uTutankhamun, Izazi zaseGibhithe zivumelana ngento efanayo, empilweni wayenguFaro omncane, owaziwa kancane, owashona phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 ne-11. Nokho, ukutholakala kwethuna lakhe kwakuzoshintsha ikusasa lenkosi yomfana, njengoba waba uFaro owaziwa kakhulu kunabo bonke.
Akukho okutholakele okudale isasasa elingaka njengalelo elalisethuneni laseTutankhamun ngo-1923. Ngisho nanamuhla kusalokhu kutholakala izinto ezintsha ngayo nangoFaro wayo. Kodwa... Kungani lelithuna likhetheke kangaka? Kungani yafihlwa isikhathi eside kangaka?
Ithuna likaTutankhamun
Emaphethelweni oMfula iNayile kunezindawo isigodi samaKhosi, indawo ekhethiweyo iminyaka engaba ngu-500 ngoFaro okokuphumula kwakhe kokugcina. Iwudedangendlale wamathuna aseGibhithe lasendulo, ambiwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3000 60 edlule. Kutholwe amathuna angaphezu kuka-XNUMX, okugqama kuwo elinye labantwana benkosi: uTutankhamun.
Anjani amathuna oFaro ngokujwayelekile?
Amathuna akulesi sigodi aqukethe a ukuhlobisa okufanayo okusekelwe ekukhathazekeni kokuqinisekisa ukudlula okuphephile kusuka kulokhu kuphila kuya kokulandelayo, okuthile okubonakala kahle encwadini yabafileyo.
Ngokwezinkolelo zaseGibhithe lasendulo, ukusuka ekuphileni kuya ekufeni kuqala ekushoneni kwelanga. Ngaleso sikhathi uFaro ulandela indlela yelanga eya endaweni engaphansi, lapho Kuzodingeka ubhekane nezinselelo eziningi ezihlome ngeziphonso ezihlelwe ethuneni. Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zivivinyo, okwakubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukukala imiphefumulo: ukukala izinhliziyo zabo esikalini phambi kophaphe lweqiniso likankulunkulukazi uMaat. UFaro kwakufanele akhululwe kulolu vivinyo futhi lapho efinyelela ekupheleni kwazo zonke izinselele, onkulunkulu bamamukela ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, washintsha waba unkulunkulu welanga futhi waphinde wavuka ngaphandle komhlaba.
Linjani ithuna likaTutankhamun?
Igumbi likaTutankhamun lihlukile kulokho esisanda kukutshela kona, leso kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani kukhethekile. Ithuna elidume kakhulu esigodini Itholakala phakathi nendawo, izungezwe amathuna abanye oFaro ababephila ngaphambi kwakhe. Inamakamelo amancane angu-4, ngalinye lingamamitha angu-4,2 ububanzi. Phakathi nendawo kukhona ithuna elihlotshiswe ngesizotha nelipendiwe elenziwe ngokhuni. Kufihlwe ezindongeni kunezindawo ezincane ezingagcina izithombe ezingcwele njengale ka-Anubis. Leli gumbi lokungcwaba igcwele imihlobiso yemilingo kodwa amanye amagumbi angenalutho. Liyithuna elilula, into elenza lihluke kwamanye asesigodini futhi eliqhubeka liphakamisa imibuzo.
Ukutholwa kwethuna likaTutankhamun
abaseGibhithe lasendulo babekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi babeyoba nokuphila ngemva kokufa, yingakho benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze bafihle amathuna abo, agcwele ingcebo nalokho ababeyokudinga kulokho okunye ukuphila. Le ngcebo yayiyisikhuthazo kubaphangi wamathuna, asakazekela ezweni lonke. Kuboniswa ngokuthi azikho izibonelo zamathuna asekhona eziye zatholakala.
Endabeni kaTutankhamun, udonga lwamanga lwavala igumbi lokungcwaba futhi umnyango ombozwe ngokhonkolo wavala umnyango wethuna, phambi kwawo. amathani angu-40 emfucumfucu agcwalise iphaseji lokungena kuze kufike ophahleni okwenza umgoqo ongaphezu kwamamitha angu-7. Isivikelo asigcini lapho, bekukhona esinye umnyango ekugcineni kwalowo mgoqo owawuphawulwe ngophawu lweTutankhamun futhi futhi imfucumfucu eyengeziwe eyafihla ithuna phakathi nendawo ewugwadule yalesi sigodi.
Kukho konke lokhu, umuntu kufanele wengeze ukususwa komhlaba kanye nemfucumfucu evela kwamanye amathuna lokho kwagcina kuphezu kwelikaTutankhamun, okwenza ukuba kukhohlakale indawo yethuna lakhe.
Ngo-1923 u-Howard Carter wayezokwenza ukutholakala okubaluleke kakhulu ku-Egyptology: ukutholakala kwethuna likaTutankhamun. Ithuna eliphelele, elinamagugu nezinto uFaro ayezozidinga ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa: izinqola eziyisithupha ezihlakaziwe, isihlalo sobukhosi, nokudla newayini.
Izithombe ezimbili zikaTutankhamun zazivikela umnyango zavalelwa ekamelweni lokungcwaba, lapho kwakukhona indawo engcwele enkulu embozwe ngamapulangwe egolide nalapho kwakukhona izitho zikafaro, kanye nethuna ngokwalo, i-sarcophagi, nomama wakhe.
Isiqalekiso sikaTutankhamen
Izinkolelo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi isiko. AbaseGibhithe bayakukholelwa lokho noma ubani ophazamisa ithuna likaFaro uyakuwa eqalekisiwe afe ngemva kwesikhashana.
Kuzo zonke iziqalekiso, esikaTutankhamun saziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1920, u-Howard Carter uthola ukuba khona kukafaro ongaziwa kuze kube manje futhi wenza u-Lord Carnarvon akholiseke ukuthi axhase ngezimali ukucinga kwethuna lakhe. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, izitebhisi zethuna kanye nomnyango onezimpawu zikafaro ezingaguquki. NgoNovemba 26, 1922, kwenziwa umgodi futhi kwatholakala ukuthi ithuna liphelele. Ukufakwa ohlwini kwethuna nezinto zalo kwaqala ngemva kokutholakala kwalo, kodwa lapho kufika ezintweni ezitholakala ekamelweni le-sarcophagus ngokwalo, baqala ukufa abantu ababengene ethuneni noma uhlanganyele nayo ngesikhathi sokutholwa.
ukufa kuyaqala
Ezinyangeni ezine ngemuva kokuvula ithuna, uLord Carnarvon, owayesenempilo ebuthaka, walunywa umiyane futhi ngemva nje kwalokho wanquma ukulunywa ngokushefa, okwabangela isifo sofuba esasakazeka wonke umzimba wakhe. Lapho isifo sifika emaphashini akhe, kwabangela inyumoniya, okwabangela ukufa kwakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, injazi yakhe yakhala yawa yafa eLondon. Kuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi nje kwacisha ugesi eCairo. Konke lokhu kwakuyindawo yokuzalanisa ephelele ukuze abezindaba baqale ukukhuluma "ngesiqalekiso sikaTutankhamun."
Lokhu kufa kwalandelwa abanye abafana nomfowabo kaLord Carnarvon, ababekhona ngesikhathi kuvulwa ithuna. Arthur Mace, owashayayo ukungena ekamelweni, wafa ngendlela odokotela abangakwazi ukuyichaza. USir Douglas Reid, owathwebula umama nge-X-ray, wagula wabuyela eSwitzerland ukuze ashone ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva. Uprofesa waseCanada owafunda ithuna noCarter wabulawa isifo sohlangothi. UCarter ngokwakhe wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo, futhi uyise wazibulala lapho ezwa lezi zindaba.
Kufanele kushiwo, yebo, ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-radiologist, bonke abanye bashona ngemva kweminyaka futhi ababanga nankinga kuze kube manje. Ngokwesibonelo, uCarter wafa ngenxa yezizathu ezingokwemvelo futhi uyise wayengekho ngisho ethuneni. Nokho, ngeminyaka yawo-30, abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amathathu bafa ngenxa yalesi siqalekiso, kuhlanganise nesikaCarter, okwathi ngaleso sikhathi, yena ngokwakhe wakwazi ukuphika ngoba wayesaphila.
buyisela isiqalekiso
Ukuntuleka kokushona okuqhubekayo eqenjini likaCarter kwenza abezindaba bakhohlwa kancane kancane ngalolu daba. Kodwa-ke, ngeminyaka yawo-60 nawo-70, ngokudluliswa kwezingcezu ezihlukahlukene zethuna zisuka eMnyuziyamu waseGibhithe eCairo ziyiswa emibukisweni yesikhashana eminyuziyamu yaseYurophuisiqalekiso sabuya. Abaqondisi bemnyuziyamu ngaleso sikhathi bashona ngemva nje kokugunyaza ukudluliselwa.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubonakale ukuthi kubantu abangu-58 ababekhona kuvulwa ithuna, kwashona abayisishiyagalombili kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi nambili eyalandela. Abanye baphila isikhathi eside ngemva kwalokho futhi abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi.
Ithuna namuhla: Ingabe kufanelekile ukubona uma siya eGibhithe?
Namuhla ungakwazi ukufinyelela ethuneni Tutankhamun, ikakhulukazi ekamelweni lokungcwaba. Lapho ungabona ukuthi kunjani nokuthi kwakuhlotshiswe kanjani ngomdwebo odongeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singabona umama wenkosi yengane ngaphakathi evikelwe nge-urn.
Lapho siya eGibhithe ngokuvamile sithatha iphakethe ukuze singene eqoqweni lamathuna esigodini, kodwa elikaTutankhamun likhokhelwa ngokuhlukana. Mayelana nokuthi kufanelekile ukukhokha lokho okungeziwe noma cha, Kubalulekile ukukucacisa ukuthi ithuna elincane kakhulu futhi elilula, kodwa liphawule ngaphambi nangemva kwe-Egyptology. Uma ungumthandi wamasiko asendulo, umlando, ubuciko, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa uma uya esigodini. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlele ukuvakashela eGibhithe ngokushesha futhi unesikhathi esanele, uzothola amanye amathuna ahlaba umxhwele kunaleli.
Endabeni yami, uma ngibuyela eGibhithe, ngizophinda.
Uke waya eGibhithe? Uke walibona ithuna likaTutankhamun? Sitshele mayelana nolwazi lwakho futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke qhubeka ujabulela ubuciko, umlando kanye nokuvakasha.