Emkhakheni wenkolo yamaKatolika, esinye sezifanekiselo zayo yiNcasakazi uMariya, unkulunkulu okukhokhwa kuye inkokhiso ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Isihloko esethula ngezansi sikhuluma ngoVirgen de la Paz, usanta ongokomoya weSifundazwe saseTrujillo eVenezuela.
Ukucatshangelwa okujwayelekile
Uma kunomcimbi wezwe ofanelwe ukuhlonishwa, kusobala ukuthi akufanele kube omunye ngaphandle kwalowo ohahelwayo, kodwa futhi kube nokuthula kwezwe okuthunjwe kahle. Lokhu kudonswa kalula, uma ubheka inani lezingxabano ezikhungethe iplanethi, futhi ukwahlulela ngamaqiniso asikho isixazululo esikhathini esimaphakathi noma eside, kungasaphathwa ukulindela isixazululo esisheshayo noma esisheshayo. Uma unentshisekelo kulesi sihloko, sincoma ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko esilandelayo: Uphawu lokuthula
Itshe lesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz elakhiwe eVenezuela liwumnikelo omuhle, isenzo esibalulekile abantu balesi sizwe saseNingizimu Melika abasenza njengeqhaza lokudonsela ukunaka hhayi nje kuphela emkhakheni wesifunda, kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke, mayelana. isidingo sokulwela ukuzuza ukuthula kweqiniso, okuzinzile nokudingekayo.
Umlando Wentombi Yokuthula
I-Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela iyizwe elivunde kakhulu, uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni izindaba, ama-anecdotes, amahlelo, izindaba ezihlobene nomlando wayo njengesizwe nanjengesizwe, esahlanganisa isimo saso esivikelwe ngesenzo somzabalazo wokukhululwa kwayo. Kulokhu, abalingiswa, izehlakalo noma amaqiniso avele azungeze umlando wawo, lapho ukwazi okuqoqiwe okudumile bekuphethe ukuklama, ngendlela yokudala kakhulu, umcabango.
Lesi senzo sokudala ngokuhlanganyela sivezwa ngalezi: izindaba, imilando, ukuphawula kwezinganekwane, eziningi zazo ezigcwele ukucabanga komlingo, kodwa ezinye, ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni omlando afakazelwe. Isifunda ngasinye noma isifunda, esakha uhlaka lwezepolitiki nokuphatha lwase-Venezuela, sinerekhodi, ifa le-anecdotal yamasiko elibanzi kakhulu.
Ebhekisela esimweni saseTrujillo ngokuqondile, sitholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, ebonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwekhofi yezolimo, kuthiwa, kuthiwa yizwe "lamadoda ahlakaniphile nabangcwele"; Lokhu kubhekiselwa kukho, njengoba kuleso simo kuye kwazalwa abantu abakhulu emkhakheni wenkolo nomkhakha wesayensi, abaphakamisa igama elibi ngesiko labantu bakwaTrujillo; kunjalo ngendaba kaDkt. José Gregorio Hernández.
Lo dokotela nososayensi omkhulu waseVenezuela uthathwa njengomlingiswa oyinhloko wehlelo lezenkolo elidumile, elibaluleke kakhulu ezweni njengoba, ngaphezu kokubonisa iminikelo emihle kwisayensi yezokwelapha yaseVenezuela, amakhono akhe njengomelaphi ongcwele aqashelwa kabanzi kulo lonke izwe nakwamanye amazwe. i-sphere..
UDkt José Gregorio Hernández uhlonishwa ngomusa kaNkulunkulu, obonakaliswa ngesipho sokuphulukisa.Kunobufakazi obungenakubalwa bezenzo ezimangalisayo zalo dokotela obuye abizwe ngokuthi "Dokotela wabampofu." Le yindlela eyaziwa ngayo.
Njengamanje iSonto LamaKatolika selibubonile ubungcwele bakhe, limnika isicoco sokuba ohloniphekile futhi kuthiwa ukushaywa kwakhe ngokuphelele kuyindaba yezinqubo zeziphathimandla. Omunye umlingisi oyisifanekiselo wesifundazwe saseTrujillo, ogcwalisa igama lakhe ngokuziqhenya, usosayensi uRafael Rangel, ongowokuzalwa enhloko-dolobha yezwe, lo mlingiswa uqashelwa ngeqhaza lakhe elikhulu ekutadisheni izifo ezishisayo, ngaphezu kokubhekwa njengenhloko-dolobha. ubaba we-Parasitology kanye ne-Bioanalysis e-Venezuela.
Isikhungo saseVenezuela, socwaningo oluphakeme kakhulu emkhakheni wocwaningo ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye negciwane, sinegama likaRafael Rangel, njengenkokhiso kumuntu odumile wesayensi. Kodwa futhi, isimo saseTrujillo siyizwe lapho kukhulekelwa khona iNcasakazi Yokuthula.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, kuthiwa ukukhulekelwa kwalenkulumo engokwenkolo, emelela unina kaNkulunkulu, kwazalelwa eSpain, cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD. C., lapho kwaqanjwa khona umbhishobhi omkhulu waseToledo Ildefonso, wayengumkhulekeli othukuthele weNcasakazi uMariya, unina kaNkulunkulu, bathi ngolunye usuku phakathi nenyanga ka-December, wangena esontweni laseSanta María edolobheni esibhekisela kulo futhi waphawula ukuthi kwakunokucaca okungavamile .
Ebhekene nombono onjalo, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Ildefonso, kufakazela ukuthi ukukhanya kwakuvela emfanekisweni weNcasakazi uMariya, ehlezi endaweni yakhe endlini yesonto. Abenkolo babebheka iqiniso njengesimangaliso kanye nokuqiniswa kokuhlonipha kwakhe uMama Ongcwele kaNkulunkulu, futhi wazinikela ngokuhlelekile ekusakazeni okuhlangenwe nakho njengomusa walokhu.
Esinye isenzakalo esiphawula ukuhlonishwa kweNcasakazi Yokuthula sihlehlela emuva enkathini yomlando waseSpain, lapho izwe lalibuswa amaSulumane, ayefuna ukuguqula isonto laseSanta María de Toledo libe ithempeli lamaSulumane. Baqhubeke bakhe ibutho elikhulu nelinamandla, bavimbezele umuzi; Lesi senzo sezempi sathatha cishe unyaka.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma okungenani okwaziwayo, bahoxa, beyeka izinhloso zabo, naphezu kokuthatha ithempeli, balibuyisela emkhakheni wobuKristu. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngosuku olulodwa noyise Ildefonso ibona ukubonakala kweNcasakazi, ngoJanuwari 24. Lesi simo sithathwe njengokufezeka kwesenzo esiyisimangaliso esenziwe yiNcasakazi Yokuthula.
E-Venezuela, indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona isikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz, ukuhlonishwa kwakhe kwafika nenqubo yokunqoba kanye nekoloni, leyo ndawo namuhla ebizwa ngegama laseMelika. Kuleyo ndawo yesifunda saseTrujillo lapho kukhona khona itshe lesikhumbuzo, kwakuyindawo engaphansi kweqembu lesizwe sama-Escuque. Laba bantu bomdabu baseMelika, ababeyinzalo yamaChibcha, iqembu labomdabu elalihlala enkabeni yezwekazi, lapho iColombia ikhona namuhla, bazinza entshonalanga yeVenezuela.
Endaweni okukhulunywa ngayo, kwakukhona ukuvukela kwabomdabu ngokumelene nabahlaseli baseSpain, ama-protagonists of the insurgency ayeyinzalo yeCuicas noma iTimoto-cuicas, laba bantu banikezwa ukujwayelana, namaChibchas aseColombia, kahle, ukuvukela kwanqotshwa abanqobi, amakholoni, futhi babeka wonke amagugu amasiko abawaletha evela eYurophu, ikakhulukazi eSpain, kuhlanganise nenkolo yeNcasakazi Yokuthula.
Singakuveza-ke ukuthi kusukela ngo-1500, lapho kuphawulwa khona ukuqala kokuhlonishwa kweNcasakazi Yokuthula, njengoba, ngo-1600, ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, kwakhiwa isonto likaSeñor Santiago de Nuestra Señora de la Paz, ithempeli lapho isonto likaSeñor Santiago de Nuestra Señora de la Paz lakhiwa khona. Intombi Yokuthula iyakhonzwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla.
Umnikelo wenkolo yamasiko owasungulwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngekhulu le-XNUMX, mayelana nokumelwa kweNcasakazi enguMariya, kubalulekile ukugqamisa njengoba aba umvikeli ongokomoya kaTrujillo. Ukuba leli qiniso kugqanyiswe ngezindlela eziningi emlandweni we-iconographic wombuso.
Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwefulegi lombuso, umzimba wasezulwini ungabonwa, phakathi nendawo sithola umdwebo wejuba, njengesibonakaliso somthelela weNkosazana Yokuthula ezimpawu zakudala zombuso; Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkanyezi icwiliswe kunxantathu oluhlaza, uhlangothi ngalunye lwesibalo lumelela isenzakalo esibalulekile somlando, esikhathini esizayo sesifunda, njenge:
Ingxoxo phakathi komkhululi uSimón Bolívar nojenene waseSpain uPablo Morillo, edolobheni laseSanta Ana, eyaphawula ukulwa empini yenkululeko ngo-1820; ukwakhiwa kwesonto lapho i-Virgen de la Paz ihlonishwa khona ngekhulu le-1983, lapho ithonya le-Virgen de la Paz livela khona kabusha; kanye nokwakhiwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz ngo-XNUMX, okuyiqiniso elenza ingqopha-mlando ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko nenkolo yesifunda saseTrujillo, uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwaso ezweni nasemhlabeni wonke.
Ngakho-ke akungabazeki ngomphumela ophawulekayo ukushisekela i-La Virgen de la Paz okuye kwaba nawo kubantu baseTrujillo.
Inganekwane
Izindaba eziqoqiwe zisitshela ukuthi indawo lapho isikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz sikhona ibizwa ngePeña de la Virgen; Bathi iminyaka ka-1550 yadlula, iNcasakazi yavela phambi kweqembu lezakhamuzi zedolobha laseCarmona, elithi yena, enesithombe sobusha futhi ekhuthele kakhulu, wangena edolobheni futhi wavakashela isitolo ngombono Ngemva kokuthenga. amanye amakhandlela ayezowasebenzisa yena siqu, abantu bendawo, bemangazwe ukuba khona kwakhe, bambuza ukuthi kungani eyedwa kangaka.
I-anecdote ethandwayo, lapha, ibona izinguqulo ezimbili: eyokuqala ithi intombazane yasabela ngokushesha, ngokugcizelela, kodwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngendlela elandelayo "hhayi yodwa, kodwa noNkulunkulu, nelanga, nezinkanyezi"; owesibili uthi, lapho ebuzwa umbuzo ofanayo, impendulo yaba yilena elandelayo: "Bantwana, ningakhohlwa ukuthi ngihlala nginoNkulunkulu, umvikeli wami." Abantu bamangala ngalentokazi nempendulo yayo baze babona kungcono ukuyilandela babone lapho eya khona.
Indaba yokubonakala kweNcasakazi, ilandisa ukuthi owesifazane waqhubeka ebheke ensimini, futhi waduka phakathi kwamatshe athile, babona imisebe eminingi yokukhanya, eyaphuma kuwo.
Lapho kuphenywa ngokujule ngokwengeziwe, ngemvelaphi yale ntokazi engaqondakali, akekho owayazi, futhi abakwazanga ukubhekisela kuyo; ngifinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kwakungeyena umuntu wasemhlabeni, nokuthi kwakuyiyo kanye iNcasakazi uMariya, unina weNkosi yethu enziwe inyama.
Bathi indawo lapho aphephela khona yindawo lapho kuhlangana khona imifula emithathu ebalulekile futhi iNcasakazi ngobukhona bayo bobuNkulunkulu ivimbele izifufula zamanzi ukuba zande, lingase line kakhulu, kodwa lingaphumi; izakhamuzi ezikholelwa eNcasakazini ziqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso nokuthi iNcasakazi ivikela abantu ngokuyisimangaliso kuzo zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo zalolu hlobo. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana ukuzindla kwehora elingcwele.
Isikhumbuzo seNcasakazi Yokuthula
Ngokusho kwabanye ababhali bomlando, isikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz sasiwumbono owazalelwa isakhamuzi uBetty Urdaneta de Herrera Campins, unkosikazi kamongameli weriphabhuliki ngaleso sikhathi, uLuis Herrera Campins; Yena, ongowokuzalwa esifundazweni saseTrujillo, kanye nombusi wesifunda, uNkk. Dora Maldonado, bakhuthaza isiphakamiso sokwakhiwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo seNcasakazi yase-Virgen de la Paz, esekelwe embonweni wokuthi lo nkulunkulu ungusanta ongumvikeli kaTrujillo.
Ijubane abawenza ngalo umsebenzi, okuthiwa ekwakhiweni kwetshe lesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz, lathatha izinyanga eziyi-18, liyamangaza. Ucezu lobuciko lunezici ezilandelayo: umdwebo uyingxenye yensimbi futhi ungqimba lukakhonkolo lubekwe phezu kwalo, lunesisindo esingamathani angu-1200.
Inhloko yesakhiwo kuphela enesisindo esingamathani angu-8, inobude obuthinta, amamitha angu-47 ukuphakama, amamitha angu-16 ububanzi namamitha angu-18 ukujula endaweni yokusekela; Kuwumsebenzi ongenalutho, onezitebhisi zangaphakathi ezivumela isivakashi ukuthi sidlule kuwo ngaphakathi futhi sipake endaweni ngayinye kwemihlanu esinayo.
Indawo yayo ikhethekile njengoba yayiklanyelwe ukwakhiwa lapho iNcasakazi okuthiwa yavela khona; Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakhiwe ngamamitha angu-1600 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, igxilwe entabeni yezitshalo ezishisayo ezishisayo, ngemibono yayo ungabona cishe sonke isifunda saseTrujillo, ipaki yaseSierra Nevada de Mérida nezinye izindawo eziseningizimu yechibi. esifundeni saseZulia.
Ngokombono wobuciko, isikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz sinezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe; Into yokuqala ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, iyitshe lesikhumbuzo seNcasakazi, elibhekwa njengesithombe esikhulu kunazo zonke eLatin America, futhi lide kakhulu kuneSikhumbuzo Senkululeko e-United States yaseNyakatho Melika kanye noKristu waseCorcovado eBrazil, okwenza ngaphandle kwalokho. njengetshe lesikhumbuzo inhloso yalo iwukuhlonipha ukuthula, yinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Isithombe sangaphandle setshe lesikhumbuzo Sokuthula, asinalo imininingwane, silula, sihlanzekile, iNcasakazi imbozwe umkhuba oluhlaza kuphela, okuwukuphela kwento egqamayo ijuba aliphethe ngesandla esisodwa, ngokusho kolwazi olungaqinisekisiwe , kungaqinisekiswanga, kuthiwa kwakuyikhomishini eyenziwe ngumgqugquzeli wayo, uMongameli uLuis Herrera, kumklami womsebenzi.
Lo mongameli wayefuna ukuthi kugqanyiswe incazelo yalesi siqeshana, okwakungeyona enye ngaphandle kokuhlonipha Ukuthula, hhayi esifundeni kuphela kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Kuthiwa le mininingwane engokomfanekiso imele ugqozi olusuka enhliziyweni lombhangqwana ongumongameli.
Isikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz savulelwa umhlaba ngoDisemba 21, 1983, ngumongameli weriphabhulikhi ngokwakhe, nezibalo ezifanele zeSonto LamaKatolika laseVenezuela ezazikhona kulo mcimbi kanye nabanye abavela kwi-Holy See.
Nakuba uPapa oNgcwele John Paul II, akakwazanga ukuhambela ukuvulwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo seNkosazana de la Paz, ehambisana nomcimbi ngomlayezo wethelevishini owasakazwa ngesikhathi somcimbi wokuvula.
Inkulumo yokuvula yanikezwa inhlakanipho kaTrujillo uMario Briceño Perozo. Ukuphathwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz, ekuqaleni kwakunenkampani ezimele, eyayiphethe ukuxhumanisa zonke izici ezizungeze lesikhumbuzo njengokuthi: ukugcinwa, ukucwasa izinsiza ezikhiqizwa umsebenzi, ukuqasha kanye nokuqashwa. ukuqondisa abasebenzi, nokwenza izinhlelo zezokuvakasha zezenkolo.
Kamuva, ukuphatha kwakhe kudlula ukuze umbuso uthathe izintambo, kulokhu uhulumeni wesifunda saseTrujillo. Njengamanje isikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz, sakha isigxobo sokuheha izivakashi, hhayi esifundeni kuphela, futhi siyisikhungo sentshisekelo yezokuvakasha kazwelonke neyamazwe omhlaba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi indawo yesithathu ehehwa izivakashi esifundazweni saseTrujillo.
Ngezansi kwe-Isnotú, idolobha lapho kwazalelwa khona udokotela ongcwele uJosé Gregorio Hernández kanye nodwendwe lwaseTostós ekubethelweni kweNkosi Yethu. Ngesonto elikhulu kuphela isikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz, sithola izivakashi eziphakathi kuka-11.000 no-15.000.
Nakanjani, ukuhlonishwa kwe-Virgen de la Paz, kanye nesikhumbuzo sayo esingavamile, kwafika ukushintsha ukuguquguquka kwesifunda saseVenezuela esibonakala ngokuzola kwayo, nomoya wayo womsebenzi wezolimo; kodwa kulokhu, ivikelwe isikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz, yisimo sayo njengendawo yenkolo yezokuvakasha, ebeka indinganiso esifundeni.
Kuyafaneleka kulesi sigaba somsebenzi wesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz, ukucacisa ukuthi ukugcwaliseka kwalo msebenzi omkhulu wenziwa ngaphakathi komongo wenkinga kazwelonke, ephawulwe ukwehla okungazelelwe kwamanani kawoyela, afinyelela isamba sePyrrhic. zamadola amahlanu umphongolo kawoyela ongahluziwe.
Lokhu kwakusho ukungalingani kwezomnotho okukhulu kakhulu ezingeni likazwelonke, okubangela ukwephulwa kwebhalansi ebigcinwe iminyaka emnothweni waseVenezuela, phakathi kwemali kazwelonke, iBolívar, kanye nemali yaseNyakatho Melika, idola.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zayo zokusebenza, uhulumeni wavele wehlisa inani lemali yaseVenezuela, isuka esilinganisweni sika-2,50 Bs ngedola elilodwa, yaya ku-14 B. imithetho yomdlalo wezomnotho yashintsha nsuku zonke ezweni. Lokhu kwadala ukunyathelana kwezimali kanye nokumenyezelwa kokuqothuka kwenani elikhulu lezinkampani, ezingakwazi ukukhokhela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Leli qiniso lezomnotho laziwa emlandweni wangaleso sikhathi waseVenezuela, njengeBlack Friday, kusukela kwakunguLwesihlanu, February 18, 1983, lapho kumenyezelwa isilinganiso. Phakathi nalezi zinxushunxushu zezomnotho, uhulumeni wanquma ukwenza umsebenzi wenkolo, isikhumbuzo seNcasakazi Yokuthula, waze wabiza ama-Bolivars ayizigidi ezingu-9, abaningi babheka ukuthi kwakuyiphutha lezombangazwe nezomnotho kuhulumeni ophethe.
KumaKristu akholwayo nezikhungo zawo zenkolo, izindleko zazifaneleka, iqiniso liwukuthi abantu baseVenezuela bahlale bekhumbula uLwesihlanu Olumnyama luka-1983 ngomunyu, nesikhumbuzo seNcasakazi Yokuthula njengophawu olubabazekayo lokuthula nethemba kubantu bomhlaba.
Ihlelo leNcasakazi
Itshe lesikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz, limelela isibonelo esithakazelisayo sokusungula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezindawo noma ukubonakaliswa kwamasiko, okuyothi ekuqaleni kubonakale kuphikisana futhi kungahambelani. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-36 ikhona lesikhumbuzo seNcasakazi de la Paz, imiphumela iba mihle kakhulu, lapho inkolo nokukhulekela okungokwenkolo kuhlanganiswa nombono wesintu wemvelo; noma inkolo nokukhulekela okunombono wesimanje futhi okhiqizayo wezokuvakasha.
Njengoba kuye kushiwo iNcasakazi Yokuthula, ungusanta ongumvikeli wabantu baseTrujillo Abantu bakhumbula ukuvikelwa kwakhe ngokuhlela imikhosi eqala ngo-January 24 iphele ngo-30 enyangeni efanayo. hhayi kuphela izinkonzo zenkolo, njengezixuku nezidwendwe; imisebenzi yamasiko, ye-gastronomic, yokuzijabulisa nayo iyavela; eziheha inqwaba yabantu, hhayi amakholwa kuphela nabazinikele eNcasakazi.
Abavakashi abangathandi nje kuphela ukuhluka kwezenkolo kwemikhosi futhi baya emikhosini yabangcwele be-Virgen de la Paz, futhi bakhangwa umbala nezinhlobonhlobo zeminikelo yamasiko ekhangayo eyethulwa emikhosini yesikhumbuzo seNkosazana Yethu. Ukuthula eTrujillo.
Endabeni yesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz, kugcwele abantu. Abanye abahamba beyokhipha intshiseko yezenkolo futhi bazinikele emthandazweni emasontweni amahle anesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz ebazungezile; Abanye bamane bajabulele indawo kanye nombono onikezwa imibono ehlukene isikhumbuzo se-Virgen de la Paz esinayo. Lapho kugujwa inkolo yeNcasakazi yaseTrujillo, umthelela wayo ufinyelela kuwo wonke amagumbi ombuso.
Ngemva kwemikhosi yokuhlonipha ukuphela kwe-Virgen de la Paz, kufanele kugqanyiswe umkhosi oxokozelayo owenzeka ngeVeki Elingcwele, eduze kwetshe lesikhumbuzo seVirgen de la Paz, amakholwa avela ezweni lonke aya esizeni efuna injabulo engokomoya, Abanye bathatha umsebenzi wokucela umusa obavumela ukuthi basindise isimo esithile esibucayi, ngokomuntu siqu noma emndenini. Inani lemisebenzi yokukhulekela ehlelwe eduze kwetshe lesikhumbuzo le-Virgen de la Paz liyamangaza.
Kufanele kuqokonyiswe phakathi kwemisebenzi eminingi kangaka, iMarch of Peace eyenzeka minyaka yonke, phakathi neVeki Elingcwele, iqala enhloko-dolobha iTrujillo, isuka ekuseni kakhulu futhi iphele nge-Ekaristi, endlunkulu yesikhumbuzo seNcasakazi. ukuthula.
Uma uthanda i-athikili yethu, sikumema ukuthi ubuyekeze izihloko ezithakazelisayo ngaphakathi kwebhulogi, njenge: Inkosikazi yethu yaseLourdes