I-maple yaseJapane (i-maple palmatum), isihlahla esincane esidabuka eJapan naseNingizimu Korea. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kusakazeka ukuze kulinywe emazweni ahlukene ezifundeni ezipholile emhlabeni. Lesi sihlahla sisetshenziswe ngenqubo ye-Bonsai amakhulu eminyaka. Ngiyakumema ukuthi wazi izici zayo nokuphatha ukuze wazi ukuthi yini eyenza ube umuthi ofunwa kangaka.
I-Maple yaseJapane
Lesi sihlahla sase-Asia sibizwa ngokuthi "iMaple yaseJapane, i-oiroha kade (ngesiJapane) noma i-Polymorph Maple", ikhonjwa izazi zezitshalo ezinegama lesayensi. i-maple palmatum Ingowomndeni wezitshalo iSapindaceae (owayekade eyi-Aceraceae). Isihlahla esincane esingamamitha ayi-10 ubude esinamaqabunga avundile, esikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinomthunzi.
Etymologically, igama lesiLatini Maple lisho "bukhali" futhi kungenxa yezimpawu ze-morphological zamaqabunga awo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngokwesiko elidumile lamaShayina ezikhathini zasendulo, umboko wawo wawusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhonto. Abalithandayo balinda ikwindla ukuze baqoqe ama-samara (imbewu enamaphiko), eqhudelana nezimbali zayo ezinhle.
Ubulili Maple Inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-100, iningi lezinhlobo lisatshalaliswa e-East Asia, phakathi kweJapan neChina kanye nokunye phakathi kwe-United States namazwe aseYurophu apholile. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-genus Maple izinhlobo ziye zachazwa. imephu yezwe, I-Maple glabrum, i-Maple japonicum, i-Maple griseum, Maple oblocum, Maple circinatum futhi i imephu emnyama, phakathi kwabanye.
Izici
I-maple yaseJapane (i-maple palmatum), isihlahla esikhula phakathi kwamamitha ayisi-6 kuya kwayi-10 futhi ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-16 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo alinganisa amasentimitha angu-4 ngo-10 ububanzi futhi ubude nokuma kwesundu, inama-lobe angu-9 agcina ngamaphoyinti. Phakathi nenkathi yasekwindla, amaqabunga awo aphenduka abebomvu noma abe nsomi ezinsukwini ngaphambi kokuwa kwalamahlamvu avuthuluka. Isihlahla esinesimo sezulu esipholile, simelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu angama-30 °C futhi okungenani afike ku-18 °C.
Kuyisihlahla esincane esinamagatsha amaningana eduze nomhlabathi, ngenkathi sisakhula, ngesikhathi saso sobusha sinesimo sephiramidi futhi kakade esigabeni saso sobudala sithola i-dome noma i-dome shape. Iziphatha njengesitshalo se-accessory esikhula endaweni engaphansi. Okukhangayo kwalesi sihlahla amaqabunga aso anemibala ebomvu-nsomi, abonakala obala entwasahlobo, aquleke ehlobo futhi abe umbala obomvu-obomvu ogqamile ngenkathi yasekwindla.
I-inflorescence yayo iwuhlobo oluphezulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi imbali yokugcina ye-axis yezimbali iqala ukuvuleka, kuyilapho ezinye izimbali zikhula eceleni. Izimbali zawo zingamapentapetali amhlophe. Izimbali zayo ezikhula ku-inflorescence yohlobo lwe-summit, zinama-sepals angu-5 abomvu-nsomi, amacembe ama-5 amhlophe, anezithelo ezinamaphiko, ezomile, ezingenalutho ze-disamara capsular, ngayinye engamasentimitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 ubude, imbewu yayo ingamamilimitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-8.
Izimbali ziqala ukuhluma ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, lokhu kuvumela izithelo zazo zohlobo lwe-capsule enamaphiko noma i-disamara ukuthi ziqale ukuhlakazeka ngenkathi yekwindla. Isikhathi lapho abalimi bayo beyoqoqa imbewu yeMaple yaseJapane ukuze bayikhiqize kabusha. Ukuze basakaze iMaple yaseJapane, kufanele bahlukanise imbewu yabo.
subspecies eyaziwa
Emvelweni, lolu hlobo lubonisa ukuhluka okuningi kofuzo, kusukela esitshalweni esisodwa somzali singabonisa izici ezihlukene ngosayizi, ukuma kweqabunga nombala. Ukuthuthukisa ama-cultivar amaningana okuyizinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ezibonwa njengezivela ohlotsheni I-Palmatum Maple, ezisatshalaliswa ezwekazini lase-Asia, ngokuhluka okuncane kwe-morphological okuholela ekuhlukaniseni njengezinhlobo ezingaphansi.
- I-Maple palmatum subsp. Matsumurae: lezi zinhlobo ezincane zinamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu, alinganisa u-9 kuya ku-12 cm ububanzi, nama-lobes angu-5 noma angu-9 anamaphethelo ahlukaniswe kabili. Ikhula eJapane, ezindaweni eziphakeme.
- I-Maple palmatum subsp. I-Palmatum: amaqabunga ale subspecies mancane, 4 kuya ku-7 cm ububanzi, anama-lobes angu-5 kuya kwangu-7 kanye nama-serrate aphindwe kabili. Ubude bamaphiko embewu yayo bungamamilimitha ayi-10-15. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi, enkabeni naseningizimu yeJapan ngaphandle kwaseHpkkaido.
- I-Acer palmatum subsp. I-Amoenum: inamaqabunga angu-6 kuya ku-10 cm ububanzi, anama-lobe angu-7 kuya kwangu-9 kanye namamajini alula ahlanganisiwe. Imbewu yayo inamaphiko aphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-20 kuya kwangu-25. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseJapan naseNingizimu Korea.
Ukutshalwa kwalesi sihlahla
Lesi sihlahla sijwayela kahle kuwo wonke amazwe apholile emhlabeni lapho sikhule khona. IJapane, elinye lamazwe okudabuka kulo, sekungamakhulu eminyaka ilinywa. Kuyisitshalo esathathwa sayiswa kwamanye amazwe kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezithengiswayo nezihlobene ekulinyweni kwezwekazi laseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. I-Maple yaseJapane enamaqabunga abomvu yiwona akhule kakhulu, kanye nokusikwa, amaqabunga aluhlaza. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza i-bonsai.
cultivars zayo
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-Maple zaseJapane azilinywa zonke eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe futhi ezinye sezilahlekile. Isidingo salesi sihlahla ngabalimi bezitshalo siphumela ekukhiqizweni kwezimila ezintsha njalo eshumini leminyaka. Lezi zikhethelwa izici ze-phenotypic ezifana nokuma kweqabunga nosayizi, noma ama-lobes ajulile noma angajulile, kanye nesundu. Umbala wamaqabunga, ukuthungwa kanye nombala wamagxolo nosayizi.
Njengomphumela wesiphambano sawo, amanye ama-cultivar ayizihlahla ezinkulu futhi ezinamandla kunezinhlobo ngokwazo. Eziningi ziyizihlahla ezingadluli amamitha angu-5 ubude. Amanye ama-cultivar azwela kakhulu izimo ezithile zemvelo angamamitha amathathu kuphela ubude futhi atshalwa ezimbizeni. Ezinye izimila ezingalungile noma ezincane zingakhula ezitshalweni eziguquliwe, imishanelo yabathakathi, noma ezikhethwe ngokwenziwa ngemva kwezizukulwane eziningi.
Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingu-1000 ze-Maple yaseJapane, okuthi, njengama-hybrids, akhiqiza kuphela ngaphandle kobulili ngokuxhunyelelwa, indlela yokukhiqiza evumela izihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha ezinezici ezithile. Ukukhethwa kwama-cultivars ngochwepheshe kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezithile ze-morphological ezifana: umbala wamaqabunga awo, ubukhulu bawo, ubukhulu abafinyelela kuzo, phakathi kokunye.
Izinzuzo zokuzalanisa izitshalo ngokuxhunyelelwa ezitshalweni ngembewu, ukuthi iMaple yaseJapane exhunyelelwe noma ubani oyitholayo uzoba nesihlahla samamitha angu-5. Lezi zinhlobo zavela ezitshalweni ezixubene, okungenzeka ukuthi zikhethwe izizukulwane eziningi. Abaningi babo baveza izici zabo ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka; yiba yilokhu: ukuhluka kombala wamaqabunga, i-trunk bark ikhanya kakhulu noma ingakhanya kancane. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga, njengoba i-cultivar ingaba namagama amaningi.
Ezinye izibonelo zama-cultivars
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-cultivars, kunzima ukubhala izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-maple yaseJapane.Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezitholakala kalula ezikhungweni.Lezi zitshalo zingaba ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ukukhula ngqo engadini kanye nokukhula ezimbizeni.
- Aka shigitatsu sawa: tshala onamaqabunga apinki amhlophe anemithambo eluhlaza
- I-Low Ao: Isihlahla esincane esinamaqabunga ehlobo anombala wethusi
- I-Atropurpureum: ingenye eyaziwa kakhulu. Inamaqabunga abomvu ajulile unyaka wonke.
- I-Bloodgood: isitshalo esithuthukisiwe se-Atropurpureum. Iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afudumele.
- Butterfly: Amaqabunga alo anemiphetho emhlophe.
- I-Deshojo: Amaqabunga alesi simila athambile futhi abomvu ngokukhanyayo.
- I-Dissectum: Amaqabunga ayo amise okwezinaliti.
- Ichibi Legolide: Tshala enamahlamvu asehlobo aphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani
- I-Goshiki koto hime: Izinhlobonhlobo ezithambile, ezinamacembe amancane ahlukahlukene
- I-Higasa yama: Tshala enamaqabunga ashwabene, anemibala ephuzi
- I-Hupp's Dwarf: Isihlahla esincane, esiminyene esinamaqabunga amancane
- I-Issai nishiki kawazu: isiqu esimaholoholo, amagxolo aqinile
- I-Kagiri nishiki: ifana ne-'Butterfly' kodwa inemibala eminingi ebomvana
- I-Karasu gawa: Isihlahla esikhula kancane, esinemibala ebomvana nokumhlophe
- I-Katsura: Amaqabunga aphuzi naluhlaza, anamachashazi awolintshi.
- I-Koto no ito: amaqabunga aluhlaza, amaqabunga afana nentambo
- INkosazana Encane: Isihlahla esincane (asidluli ku-2m), esinosayizi ongajwayelekile.
- Umama: Isitshalo esincane esinamahlamvu ashintshashintsha kakhulu
- I-Masu murasaki: – isihlahla esincane esinamaqabunga ansomi
- I-Mizu kuguri: ukukhula okusha okunamachashaza awolintshi, umkhuba obanzi kakhulu
- I-Nishiki gawa: isihlahla esincane esinjengophayini, esifiselekayo kubhonsai
- I-Nomura nishiki: amaqabunga amnyama ansomi, acijile
- I-Osakazuki: Le cultivar isihlahla esincane esishintsha umthunzi obomvu omangalisayo ekwindla.
- Amapentshisi kanye Nokhilimu: Isihlahla esifana ne-'Aka shigitatsu sawa'
- I-Pink Filigree: ama-cultivar ahlakazwe kahle, amaqabunga ansundu apinki
- I-Red Filigree Lace: I-cultivar intekenteke, ihlakazwe kahle, i-purple-black
- I-Sango Kaku: Isihlahla esihle esinamaqabunga abomvu noma apinki ekwindla.
- I-Seiryu: Izihlahla ezinamahlamvu ahlakazeke kahle, anombala osawolintshi-obomvu ekwindla.
- Shikage ori nishiki: isihlahlana esimise okwenkomishi esinamahlamvu ansomi
- I-Skeeter's Broom: iphuma ku-'Bloodgood' "udoti womthakathi"
- I-Tamukeyama: Umlimi ohlakazwe kahle, omnyama onsomi, umkhuba wempophoma
- I-Tropenburg: isihlahla esincanyana, esikhula siqondile, amacembe ayi-convex, amaqabunga ansomi
- I-Tsuma gaki: I-cultivar enamaqabunga aphuzi ahlanganiswe nokubomvu okunsomi.
- I-Uki gumo: evelele, emhlophe ehlukahlukene
- I-Waka momiji: enye "i-coral bark maple"
- I-Yuba e': isihlahla esiqondile esinemibala ebomvu
isihlahla samahlamvu abomvu, I-Atropurpureum y Igazi
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla, amaqembu ahlukahlukene ama-cultivar akhethiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ukutshala kwawo kwenziwa. Kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa, ngoba abaningi babo bawanikeza amagama afanayo nama-cultivars, noma asakazwa ngokuxhunyelelwa. Ngokuqondile, amamephu ama-Japanese ahlukahlukene abomvu-abomvu anikezwa ngaphansi kwamagama "Atropurpureum" nethi "Bloodgood." Futhi, izinhlobo eziningi zama-maple ezinamahlamvu athambile athengiswa ngaphansi kwamagama anjengokuthi "Dissectum," "Filigree," "Laceleaf"
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Arce
Igama elijwayelekile elithi "imephu yaseJapan" lisetshenziswa njengegama elijwayelekile nakwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zohlobo Maple, ngenxa yokufana kwe-phenotypic kwalaba bantu futhi abavela e-Japan, Korea nase-China, yilezi:
- i-maple duplicatoserratum (No. a. palmatum var. ama-pubescens Li)
- i-japonicum maple I-Thunb.- imephu yaseJapane encane
- i-maple pseudosieboldianum - imephu yaseKorea
- i-shirasawanum maple Koidz.- Imephu yenyanga egcwele
- i-sieboldianum maple Miq.- Siebold Maple
Ziyizinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo Maple ezinomehluko we-morphological and genotypic, nokho, lokhu akubavimbeli ukuthi bawele phakathi kwabo ngabalimi bezitshalo, bathole ama-hybrids ahlukahlukene. Ngokunjalo, ezindaweni zokugcinwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane i-maple palmatum, isetshenziswa njengesitshalo esingumama kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
I-Taxonomic Classification
Izinhlobo i-maple palmatum, yachazwa nguCarl Peter Thunberg futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1784 ngo I-Systemat Vegetabilium. Uhlelo lweshumi nane 911. 1784.
I-Etymology yegama lakhe
I-Etymology isayensi ehlola umsuka wamagama, leli cala lamagama achaza isitshalo futhi asetshenziselwa igama lesayensi lalesi sihlahla.
I-genus "Maple" yigama elivela kwelesiLatini elithi ǎcěr, -ĕris, elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ebukhali" lafakwa kulesi sitshalo ukuze libhekisele kumathiphu amaqabunga aso noma ubulukhuni bokhuni lwesiqu saso, okwathi lapho Ngokusobala emandulo izikhathi lalisetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhonto. NgokukaPliny Omdala, ngekhulu le-XNUMX/XNUMX, lapho ebhekisela kwezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo. Izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo zicaciswe ngegama lesiLatini i-palmatum, okubhekisela "kufana nesundu", ebekwe ukuma kwamaqabunga awo alesi sihlahla.
Izinhlobonhlobo Ezamukelwayo
- i-maple palmatum subsp. i-amoenum (UCarrière) H. Hara
- i-maple palmatum f. i-latilobatum (Koidz.) Ohwi
- i-maple palmatum subsp. matsumurae Koidz.
Amazwi afanayo
- i-amoenum maple career
- i-maple ebolile dipha
- i-dissectum maple Thunb.
- i-formosum maple career
- i-maple friederici-guillelmii Carr
- incisum maple dipha
- i-jucundum maple career
- i-maple ehlotshisiwe career
- i-pinnatifidum maple dipha
- i-polymorphum ye-maple Siebold & Zucc.
- i-maple eyimpuphu dipha
- i-maple ribesifolium dipha
- i-maple roseomarginatum (VanHoutte) Koidz.
- igazi maple career
- igazi maple i-var. i-amoenum (UCarrière) Koidz
- Septemlobum Maple Thunb.
- i-sessilifolium maple Siebold & Zucc
- I-Negundo sessilifolium Q wami
Ukuphathwa kwesitshalo sakho
Isihlahla se-maple saseJapane (i-maple palmatum) ikhula kahle enhlabathini ejulile enamanzi amahle, izalelwa endaweni engaphansi kwamahlathi, izihlahla ezinkulu kunazo zonke ehlathini ziyayivikela ekutholeni ilanga eliqondile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele itshalwe endlini lapho imisebe yelanga ifinyelela khona ngokungaqondile, ukugwema ukulimaza amaqabunga ayo.
Kuyisitshalo esidinga ukuchelela njalo, ngaphandle kokukhukhula inhlabathi kanye nomswakama wemvelo, ngakho-ke amanzi kufanele afuthwe emaqabunga awo. Ngenkathi yasebusika kufanele ivikelwe kusithwathwa emazingeni okushisa angu-10°C. Ukuze ukhiphe amagatsha afile futhi ugcine ukuma kwawo kulinganisiwe, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuthenwe ekugcineni
Ukugcinwa Kwebhodwe
Ukugcinwa kwe-Maple yaseJapane embizeni, kufanele kunikeze isitshalo izinsiza zemvelo, ngokuvumelana nezidingo zaso ukuze sikhule futhi sikhule kahle. Uma itshalwe ebhodweni, indawo yokulima noma i-substrate kufanele ibe ne-drainage enhle, ene-acidic pH, ephakathi kuka-4 no-6. Ubumba olunwetshiwe lungabekwa ukusiza ukwenza umhlabathi ube ne-asidi futhi ungenise umoya ukuze izimpande zawo zikhule kahle futhi zimunce kahle. .amanzi angaphansi.
Kunconywa ukunisela njalo, njengoba kuyisitshalo esikhula ngokwemvelo emahlathini anomswakama wezindawo ezipholile. Amanzi okunisela kufanele futhi abe ne-acidic, ngoba lokhu kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-acidify amanzi ngendlela elandelayo: engeza ijusi yesigamu selamula ku-litre lamanzi. Ungakwazi futhi ukunisela ngamanzi emvula izikhathi ezi-3 noma ezine ngesonto, futhi nakakhulu ngenkathi yasehlobo.
Tshala isihlahla se-maple sase-Japan, endaweni lapho lesi sihlahla sizothola khona umthunzi nokukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile. Amanye ama-cultivar afana ne-Seiryu ne-Osakazuki, amelana namahora ambalwa okukhanya okuqondile, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ubeke isifanekiso sakho endaweni ekhanyisiwe futhi enomoya, kodwa ngaphakathi endlini ukuze imisebe yelanga ingafinyeleli ngokuqondile emaqabunga, njengoba ingawashisa.
Uma usukhulile ebhodweni, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi utshalwe kabusha lesi sihlahla i-maple palmatum, njalo eminyakeni emibili ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwayo. Uma intwasahlobo isiphelile futhi ungazange uyitshale kabusha, ungayenza ekwindla, lapho amaqabunga eshintsha. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwalezi zihlahla kufanele kwenziwe uma sekuyisihlahla esidala, ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-36.
Lezi zihlahla ezifakwe emabhodweni zidinga ukubuthelwa kabusha lapho sezineminyaka emibili ubudala bese kuthi njalo ngemva konyaka, futhi ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi inezimbotshana eziningi noma isendaweni enesimo sezulu esihle samabalazwe, usikisela ukuba kwenziwe ebhodweni elingamasentimitha angu-4 elikhudlwana. .lapho yayikhule khona.
Ukunakekela ezindaweni zangaphandle
Kunconywa ukuyitshala ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi ene-asidi, okungukuthi, ene-pH ephakathi kuka-4 kuya ku-6. Uma kunenhlabathi ye-limestone, amaqabunga kaphayini noma i-iron sulfate kufanele yengezwe, ukusiza ukwenza i-asidi (yehlise amanani e-pH) futhi kuzuzwe pH 4 kuya ku-6 ezweni lapho itshalwe khona.
Ukunisela kufanele kube kaningi, okungcono izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3 ngesonto ngisho naka-4 ngeviki ngenkathi yasehlobo.
Uma itshalwe engadini kumele ibekwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinde kakhulu engadini njengoba lolu hlobo lwesihlahla lukhula ngokwemvelo. Ingase futhi ibe eduze nodonga oluphakeme ukuze ivikeleke emisebeni yelanga.
Ukuyidlulisela engadini, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ikwenze ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, kuyilapho amaqabunga amasha engahlumi. Uma uzoyitshala, khetha indawo engadini enomthunzi nesikhala esanele sokukhula kwemephu yakho yaseJapan. Imbobo engaba ngamasentimitha angama-60 ububanzi kanye namasentimitha angama-60 ukujula iyavuleka. Beka isihlahla osekumele sibe ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, sigcwalise ngomhlaba omnyama ovundisiwe one-pH ene-asidi, kanye nomhlaba owukhiphe emgodini noma emgodini.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Phytosanitary
Ukuthena kusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwamagatsha esihlahla, ukususa amagatsha awonakele noma anesifo. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezikhula zibe zinde impela futhi zibe zinde kunalokho obekulindelwe noma obekufunwa, kuhle ukuthenwa ukuze uhlale uminyene. Uma unebhonsai ye-Maple yaseJapane, udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungayithena kanjani ngokwezidingo zesihlahla esidala esincane.
Izihlahla ezenziwe eJapane ziphakanyiswa ukuba zithene ekwindla noma ebusika, lapho isihlahla sisesiteji semifino, lapho ukusika kuphakanyiswa ukusika amagatsha ahlanganayo; lawo akhula isikhathi eside kakhulu; ukwenza njengomhlahlandlela, ozonqunywa ukuthatha umuthi ukususa amagatsha aphansi; nalawo magatsha abuthakathaka noma agulayo.
sebenzisa izakhamzimba
Lezi zihlahla kumele zivundiswe ngomanyolo wenhlabathi ene-asidi ngokwezincomo zomkhiqizo, zifakwe endaweni engamasentimitha angama-50 ukusuka esitshalweni nxazonke kuye ngomqhele wesihlahla, ngenhloso yokuthi ungashi. Imvamisa yokuvundisa incike ezidingweni zesitshalo, izimo zenhlabathi (yenza ukuhlaziya amakhemikhali enhlabathini) kanye nesikhathi sonyaka. Uma uvundisa inhlabathi kufanele ibemanzi.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
Isihlahla esikwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo, isimo esenza simelane nezifo nezinambuzane. Nokho, iyazwela ezinambuzaneni ezifana ne-cottony mealybugs, izicabucabu ezibomvu noma ama-aphid, lapho indawo yomile kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nezifo, kungase kuthinteke isikhunta sohlobo I-Phytophthora.
Indlela yokulawula ukuhlasela kwanoma iyiphi yalezi zinambuzane noma isikhunta?
Nakuba idinga ukuchelela njalo, inhlabathi akudingekile ukuba igcwale amanzi. Ukuze ulawule lokhu, induku yokhuni ifakwa ebhodweni noma emhlabathini ukuze kugcinwe umswakama womhlabathi. Uma i-substrate noma inhlabathi yomile, induku izophuma cishe ihlanzekile, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi inhlabathi yomile. Uma kunjalo, kufanele iniselwe, ngaphandle kokukhukhula inhlabathi.
Nikeza umswakama endaweni ezungezile. Ukwandisa umswakama wendawo, kuphakanyiswa ukubeka izingilazi zamanzi eziningana eduze kwesitshalo. Ukufafaza akuphakanyiswe ukuvimbela amanzi awela emaqabunga awo ukuba angashiswa imisebe yelanga uma kwenzeka imisebe yelanga ephezulu futhi kusukela lapho ukuhlaselwa kwefungal okungenzeka.
Kuphakanyiswa ukwelapha okuvimbelayo ngezibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo, njenge-nettle purin noma i-Neem oil, engathengwa ezitolo zasengadini. Ama-insecticide enziwe ekhaya nawo angalungiswa ekhaya njengendlela yokufaka ama-clove kagalikhi, ahlunge futhi afafaze isitshalo kuqala ekuseni.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye Nokusabalalisa
Ukusabalala kwesihlahla I-Palmatum Maple, Kungaba ngokukhiqizwa kwe-asexual kanye nocansi. Ukukhiqizwa ngokocansi kwenziwa ngokunciphisa izithelo zayo ukuqoqa imbewu. Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu iwukucwilisa imbewu emanzini ashisayo ku-43°C bese uyishiya icwiliswe emanzini izinsuku ezimbili noma amahora angu-48. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, imbewu iyasuswa futhi ihlwanyelwe emhlabathini ngqo, Kunconywa ukuthi unisele emva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ukugwema ukulimaza izimpande. Ukukhiqiza kabusha ngendlela yocansi akuqinisekisi izitshalo ezifanayo, kodwa kunalokho abantu abahlukene.
Uma ufuna ukulondoloza i-phenotype kanye ne-genotype yomuntu ngamunye i-maple palmatum, ikakhulukazi, kufanele ikhiqize kabusha ngokwesini. Ngoba abantu abatholiwe bangama-clones esitshalo sikamama.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngezimbewu
imbewu ye i-maple palmatum ziqoqwa ngenkathi yasekwindla, futhi zibekwe esiqandisini isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezintathu, ekushiseni okuphakathi kuka-6-7 ° C, lokhu ngoba ukuze kuhlume imbewu kufanele bachithe isikhathi emazingeni okushisa aphansi njengasemvelo. Uma usuwaqoqile, uwapakishe esitsheni sepulasitiki esisobala esine-vermiculite, ukusimboza ngongqimba oluncane lwe-vermiculite. Zimanziswa kancane bese kufakwa isibabule esincane noma ithusi njengesibulala-sikhunta sembewu kanye nokuvimbela ukwanda kwesikhunta.
Njengoba kufanele ugcine izinyanga ezintathu, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukhiphe isitsha esiqandisini futhi usivule kanye ngesonto ukuze umoya uvuselelwe. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu zingatshalwa ebhodweni. I-substrate yokutshala noma inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-acidic pH (phakathi kuka-4 kuya ku-6) futhi uma konke kuhamba kahle izohluma cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngama-cuttings
Le ndlela yokukhiqiza ingenye eshesha kakhulu futhi ephumelela kakhulu. Ukusikwa kwe-maple yaseJapane noma ukusikwa, igatsha lentsha elinobubanzi obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 nobude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 liyasikwa, ukuthenwa kwamagatsha ukulungiselela ukusikwa noma ukusikwa kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo. Ukubenza babe nezimpande ngokushesha, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukhulelwe amanzi ngamahomoni ukuze impande. Khona-ke izigxobo zifakwa ebhodweni ngenhlabathi enezimbotshana noma i-substrate, nokuthi unomswakama omncane. Esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezi-5 kuya kweziyisi-6 izoqala ukukhipha izimpande.
Ukudlala ngokubeka kabusha
Enye indlela yokuzalanisa i-air layering.Ukwenza i-air layering, sika amagxolo acishe abe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi, ubeke isikhwama, usimanzise ngamanzi bese usifaka amahomoni ezimpande. Khona-ke ubeka isikhwama kuso, osibopha ekupheleni kwegatsha, ugcwalise nge-substrate efanelekile yezitshalo ezikhula enhlabathini ene-asidi, umswakama bese uyibopha komunye umkhawulo.
I-substrate kufanele igcinwe imanzi, lokhu kungenziwa nge-injector izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ngesonto. Esikhathini esiphakathi kwezinyanga ezi-5 kuya kweziyisi-6 izimpande zizophuma.
Ukuzaliswa ngokuxhunyelelwa
I-graft yenziwa ngochwepheshe be-horticulture. Kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: Isitshalo sikamama, isitshalo sephethini noma isiphunzi siyakhethwa. Lesi yisitshalo lapho igatsha lenye i-maple yaseJapane lizobekwa khona, ukusika okujulile kwenziwa esiqwini saso ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.
Khona-ke, igatsha elingamapulangwe (lokhu kuzoba igraft) liyasikwa futhi lifakwe esiphunzini sempande, isitshalo sikamama noma isitshalo sephethini.
Ukuze uqedele, ihlanganiswe kahle nge-adhesive tape ukwenza ama-grafts. Uma ukuxhunyelelwa kwenziwe kahle, phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 ngemva kokuxhunyelelwa, amaqabunga awo azohluma. Ngenkathi ukuthena amaqabunga esitshalo sikamama noma isiphunzi, ukuze umsoco ungasetshenziswa yi-graft.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Maple yaseJapane
Emazweni apholile kungenzeka ukubona izibonelo zabantu abadala beMaple yaseJapane, enobude obungamasentimitha angu-50, njengoba kuyizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobuciko beBonsai. Eziningi ziyizihlahla ze-Maple zaseJapane, ezihlobisa izindlu nezinye izindawo zangaphakathi. Inqubo ye-Bonsai iwumkhuba wokutshala izingadi owavela emathempelini aseShayina amaTaoist, abalimi bezitshalo abazenzayo bacabanga ukuthi ngokwenza kwayo izulu nomhlaba kungaxhunyaniswa, kubangele ingunaphakade.
Lo mkhuba we-horticultural wethulwa eminyakeni engu-800 edlule eJapane. I-syllable ethi "bon" ibhekisela kuthreyi, futhi "sái" ibhekisela emvelweni. Ukuba isihlahla esikhula kancane kwenza kube isitshalo esihle, ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-bonsai.
El i-maple palmatum, isitshalo sokuhlobisa, esitshalwe ezingadini (evikelwe yilanga), izimbiza njengesitshalo sasendlini noma ebhonsai, kusukela yaqala ukuthunyelwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX isuka eJapane. Itholakala emazweni anesimo sezulu esipholile, e-Asia, eYurophu, eMelika nakwezinye izingxenye zezifunda ezipholile.
Ngikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana nemvelo emangalisayo kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo: