I-Macaw ingenye yezinyoni ezigqama kakhulu ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo ezinhle, ezinemibala yazo enemibala ehlukahlukene engafani nengemuva eliluhlaza lehlathi. Uqhwaku lwaso olunamandla nolukhulu lusebenza njengethuluzi eliwusizo uma kuziwa ekunceliseni. Emakhaya amaningi ungabubona eduze ubuhle bale nyoni entekenteke. Thola ezinye izinto eziningi ngokuqhubeka nokufunda lesi sihloko.
i-macaw
I-macaw (Ara) inyoni yodumo olukhulu, eyingxenye yohlelo lwe-Psittaciformes kanye nomndeni wakwaPsittacidae. Zibonakala ngezimpaphe zazo ezihlaba umxhwele, ezimibalabala yazo ifaneleka ezindaweni ezinjengamahlathi ashisayo eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, egcwele imihume eluhlaza nezithelo nezimbali ezimibalabala. Nakuba bengamalungu omndeni owodwa nopholi, ama-macaw ayizidalwa ezinezici ezithile nezihlukile.
Izici
I-macaw inyoni eqinile enekhanda elikhulu, uqhwaku oluqinile nolunamandla kanye nomsila omude ngokuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bomzimba wayo. Ama-macaw ahlukene ngomzimba wawo kwamanye ama-parrots ngoba makhudlwana, anomsila omude ngendlela engavamile. Yiqiniso, ubukhulu buqondile kuhlobo ngalunye oluthile: oluncane lungakwazi ukukala kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-60 amasentimitha ubude, kanti enkulu kunazo zonke ingafinyelela ku-90 noma 95 amasentimitha.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izisindo zabo nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, njengoba izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zifinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu nengxenye kuyilapho ezinesizotha kakhulu ngokuvamile zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-300 kuphela. Zinoqhwaku olude ngokwedlulele olumise okwehhuku kanye nezinzipho ezineminwe emine, ezimbili phambili nezimbili emuva, ezinezinzipho ezigobile ezizivumela ukuba zibambelele emagatsheni ezihlahla, izinsimbi zekheji, nanoma iyiphi into.
Ama-macaw anesikhathi eside ekhona njengoba aziwa ngezibonelo esezidlule iminyaka engama-50 yokuphila. Baphinde bagqame ngobuhlakani babo, njengoba befunda ngokushesha; ezinyangeni eziyisi-7 baphindaphinda amagama futhi ngonyaka owodwa bangakwazi ukuqonda okushiwo kubo. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela isilulumagama samagama angaba ngu-30.
Izimpaphe zayo ziveza umbala ogqamile futhi ohlukahlukene, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimpaphe ezisebusweni bayo azibonakali kangako; amehlo abo azungezwe amabala amhlophe. Umbala ogqamile wezimpaphe zawo ujwayelekile kulolu hlobo, ngokuvamile oluluhlaza, obomvu noma ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Awukho umehluko phakathi kobulili, njengoba kokubili insikazi neyeduna zinezimpaphe ezifanayo kakhulu futhi akunakushiwo ukuthi ubulili obubodwa bukhulu kunobunye. Izibonelo ezincane zingase zibe nezimpaphe zombala okhanyayo noma zibe zincane, kodwa njengoba abantu abadala bafinyelela ubukhulu obufana kakhulu nezimpaphe.
Ukudla
Ama-macaw anohlobo lokudla lwe-omnivorous, kufanele adle yonke inhlobo yokudla ukuze azuze ukudla kwawo emizimbeni yawo futhi okuhlangabezana nezidingo zawo zokudla ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, ukudla kwabo kumelwe kusekelwe ezithelweni nasembewu, futhi bangase babambe izinambuzane noma izikelemu. Njengoba ekhululekile, ama-macaw ahamba ayofuna imbewu engcono kakhulu, akwazi ukuyihlukanisa ngoqhwaku lwawo olunamandla.
Bangakwazi futhi ukuyozingela ngokubheka indlela yokuziphatha evumela ukuthi babelane ngokudla lapho ilungu lomhlambi, elifana nezinsikazi ezifukamelayo, lingakwazi ukukuthola ngokwalo.
Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni noma njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ama-macaw awakwazi ukuthola ukudla akufunayo, ngakho-ke kufanele anikezwe ukudla okunekhwalithi efanele izinhlobo zawo, okubahlinzeka ngazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Banganikezwa izingcezu zezithelo ezintsha noma imifino ukuze bangezele ukudla, kanye nanoma yini oyidlayo, ngaphandle kukashokoledi, iparsley nokwatapheya, okungabadakisa.
Amantongomane noma imbewu, njengobhekilanga nembewu yethanga, enza ukuzijabulisa okubalulekile kwalezi zilwane ezinekhono. Bangaphinde baklonyeliswe ngamathoyizi njengesikhuthazo ekuhlakanipheni kwabo.
Ukuziphatha
I-macaw iyinyoni enekhono kakhulu futhi enobudlelwane evame ukuhlangana njengemihlambi yabantu abayi-10 kuya kwabangu-30. Ukukhala kwabo okunomsindo, ukuklabalasa nokukhala kunanela ehlathini. kanti ziyazifunza noma zizilungise, zithule nje uma zinakekela amaphuphu azo. Kumelwe baqeqeshwe kahle ukuze bangahlikihli, ngoba bangase bacasule kakhulu. Ama-Macaw asebenzisa izwi lawo ukuze axhumane nomhlambi, ahlukanise indawo, futhi abonane.
Ukuhlalisana kwazo kugqamisa amaqiniso athile athakazelisayo ngazo, njengokuzilapha, lapho izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane zidla inhlabathi emanzi noma ubumba oluzisiza ukuba zinciphise izingxenye zamakhemikhali ekudleni kwazo okunezithelo futhi zithulise izisu zazo, noma zilingise, ezilingisa ngazo izwi lomuntu futhi zilingise. eminye imisindo yendawo yayo noma i-monogamy, ukuba ngesinye sezilwane ezimbalwa ezigcina umlingani ofanayo wokuzalanisa impilo yayo yonke kanye nokwabelana ngokudla komunye nomunye ukuqinisa isibopho sabo.
Isebenzisa ulimi lwayo ukuze ihlole izinto ezisendaweni yayo futhi ikhiphe ukudla, ulimi lwalo olwakhiwe uchungechunge lwamathambo. I-hyacinth macaw inolimi olumnyama olunemigqa ephuzi ekhanyayo. Imihlambi ilala ezihlahleni ebusuku, futhi ekuseni indize amabanga amade iyodla izithelo, amantongomane, izinambuzane neminenke.
Impilo Nokukhiqiza
Akuvamile ukuthi ama-macaw agule, ukuphazamiseka kwezempilo okungenzeka abe nakho ngezikhathi ezithile kungenxa yokungakhululeki kwamathumbu okubangelwa amagciwane, noma lapho ezizwa enesizungu ahlwithe izimpaphe zawo, kanye nalapho engazizwa kahle endaweni lapho bahlala. Imisinga yomoya kufanele igwenywe endaweni lapho ikhona ngoba ingabangela inyumoniya.
Ukukhiqizwa kwayo ku-oviparous futhi ngokuvundiswa kwangaphakathi kanye nemininingwane yokuzala iyashintsha phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ikakhulukazi izidalwa ezihlala umfazi oyedwa. Eyensikazi idedela amaqanda ama-2 kuya kwamathathu, ngokuvamile embotsheni yesihlahla, lapho efukamela khona cishe amasonto amahlanu. Amatshwele andiza esidlekeni cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-3 ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, abese abalahla ngokuphelele abazali bawo ngemva konyaka. Ukuvuthwa kwabo ngokocansi kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-5 ubudala.
Izinhlobo ze-Macaw
Lezi zinyoni ezingavamile zaziswa kakhulu futhi ukuzingela kwazo okungalawuleki kuye kwabangela izinhlobo ezithile zama-macaw engozini yokushabalala. Njengoba zivame ukundiza ziyiqembu, amathuba okuba abanjwe aba lula. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-17 ezihlukene, eziyisishiyagalombili zazo ezingasekho noma ezisengozini enkulu.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi behlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine nje kuphela, kodwa isayensi ibilokhu ikubuyekeza futhi isaqhubeka nokukubuyekeza lokhu. Ezikhathini zamuva nje aqoqwe abe yizinhlobo eziyisi-6, kodwa nalokho kuyadida futhi kungalungiswa. Iningi lama-macaws ezifuywayo livela kumaqembu e-Ara, Diopsittaca kanye ne-Primolius. Ukuhlukaniswa esikunikeza ngezansi kuya ngokobulili nosayizi wabo.
Uhlobo lwe-Ara
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisi-8 kweziyi-17. Okubonakala kalula kakhulu ama-macaw amakhulu futhi anemibala. Bagqama kubo:
- I-macaw eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka negolide (i-Ara ararauna): Yiyona efunwa kakhulu kuma-macaw, enobukhulu obungaba amasentimitha angu-80 nesisindo sekhilogremu elilodwa. Izimpaphe zayo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endaweni engenhla, isifuba nesisu sayo kuphuzi, isilevu sayo siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, nesiphongo sayo siluhlaza. Ubuso bayo obumhlophe obunezimpaphe ezimnyama ezinesizotha ezibukeka njengemigqa buyamangaza. Ingenye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezincane kakhulu, yingakho ithathwa njengesilwane esifuywayo esiphelele.
- I-Macaw enamaphiko aluhlaza (i-Ara chloropterus): Lolu hlobo lungolunye lwezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinamasentimitha angaba ngu-95 kanye nesisindo esisuka ku-950 kuya ku-1700 amagremu. Amaphiko ayo akhiwe ngemibala emithathu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani nobomvu, kuyilapho umzimba wayo ubomvu, ngaphandle kwesiyingi esimhlophe nesingenazimpaphe ezizungeza iso.
- I-Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao): Ngolunye uhlobo lwezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinobude obuyisilinganiso obungamasentimitha angama-90 nesisindo esingaba yikhilogremu elilodwa. Umzimba wayo unobomvu onamaphiko ama-tricolor, obomvu emahlombe kanye nebhande eliphuzi, imibala emibili eyakha igama layo. Imikhawulo yamaphiko azo inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojulile kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-macaws amakhulu kuleli qembu nazo ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle, kodwa azibonakali kangako ngombala. Lezi izi:
- I-Military Macaw (Ara militaris).
- I-Buffon's Macaw (Ara ambigua).
Okokugcina, inyoni encane kunazo zonke kuleli qembu, ngokuvamile ethathwa njenge-mini macaw:
- I-macaw eqinile noma i-chestnut-fronted macaw (Ara severus).: Ivamise ukukala cishe amasentimitha angama-46-50 ngesisindo esingamagremu angama-300-350, iluhlaza kakhulu ezimpapheni zayo ngaphandle kwamaphiko, ingaphakathi layo libomvu nezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. ingaphandle. Umsila wayo ubomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uhlobo lwe-Primolius
Ama-macaw kuleli qembu angama-macaw amathathu amancane kakhulu. Esikhathini esidlule bafakwa eqenjini le-Ara, futhi kamuva eqenjini le-Propyrrhura. Kusanda kufakwa kuleli qembu yize kunenkulumompikiswano ngalokhu. Ngenxa yamaphethini okuqamba kungase kube khona okwandulelwa iqembu le-Propyrrhura, ngakho-ke elinye igama lingashintsha. Izinhlobo zama-macaws ezihlangana namuhla kuleli qembu yilezi:
- I-Macaw enentamo ephuzi (Primolius auricollis): Ingolunye lwezinhlobo ezincane, ezinamasentimitha angama-39 nesisindo esingamagremu angama-250. Igama layo livela endaweni ephuzi ezungeze intamo yayo futhi iba namandla kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ezinye izimpaphe zayo ziluhlaza futhi ikhanda layo limnyama, ngaphandle kwendawo yamehlo, emhlophe. Abanye ababhekwa njengohlobo lwe-parrot ngenxa yobuncane bayo.
- I-Illiger's Macaw noma i-Blue-winged Macaw (Primolius maracana): Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obungaba amasentimitha angu-40, lolu hlobo lukhiqiza umsindo omkhulu. Inesisindo esingamagremu angu-300 futhi cishe yonke iluhlaza, ngaphandle kwebunzi nesisu, okubomvu. Indawo engenazimpaphe ezungeze iso imhlophe, umlomo wayo umnyama, namehlo ayo anombala osawolintshi.
- I-Macaw enekhanda eliluhlaza (Primolius couloni): Ingenye yama-macaws ayaziwa kakhulu. Inobude obungaba amasentimitha angu-40 kanye nesisindo esingamagremu angu-280, inezimpaphe eziluhlaza zomnqumo kanye nekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Indawo engaphezulu yomsila wayo insundu ngamabala aluhlaza naluhlaza futhi indawo engezansi inethoni eluhlaza okotshani ehlanganiswe nophuzi.
Uhlobo lwe-Diopsittaca
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu noma ama-macaw amancane abuthana lapha. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukutholakala ohlwini lwama-Ara. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo ezintathu ezihlongozwayo zohlobo lwe-macaw olunamahlombe abomvu i-Diopsittaca nobilis, okuyilezi:
- I-Hahn's Macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis nobilis), izinhlobonhlobo ezincane kakhulu zokuqokwa.
- I-Noble Macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis cumanensis): Incane kunawo wonke ama-macaws; cishe amasentimitha angama-30 nesisindo esingamagremu ayi-150. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye nesimilo esinokuthula iyinhlobonhlobo eyintandokazi yabafuyi. Le nyoni, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zayo, inomsila omude. Umzimba wayo unezimpaphe eziluhlaza, okuthi uma isondela ekhanda zibe mnyama zize zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amehlo ayo anombala osawolintshi, futhi indawo ezungeze uqhwaku ayinazimpaphe. Lapho isikhulile, amahlombe ayo ashintsha izimpaphe zawo zibe bomvu.
- I-Macaw enamaphiko amade (Diopsittaca nobilis longipennis).
Uhlobo lwe-Anodorhynchus
Ama-macaws kulokhu kuhlangana ayizinyoni ezisengozini kakhulu noma ezisengozini enkulu. Leli qembu lihlanganisa:
- I-Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)
- I-Common Macaw (i-Anodorhynchus glaucus)
- I-Lear's Macaw (i-Anodorhynchus leari), ebizwa nangokuthi i-Indigo Macaw.
Uhlobo lwe-Orthopsittaca
Ayikho i-mini macaw kuleli qembu. Iphinde yafakwa eqenjini le-Ara, kodwa iziphathimandla eziningi okwamanje ziyibeka ohlotsheni lwe-Orthopsittaca. Nakuba le macaw kulula ukuyithwebula, ukugcinwa kwayo ekuthunjweni kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yokudla okukhethekile okungenakuphindaphindeka kalula.
Ifakwe ohlwini njengesengcupheni yokushabalala ngo-2007, i-IUCN, kodwa kusukela ngo-2009 ifakwe esigabeni esithi Okungakhathazeki Kancane. Ngokusobala, la ma-macaw abonakala eningi kakhulu kunokucatshangwa endle, nokho indawo yawo yokuhlala isesengozini:
- I-Red-bellied Macaw (Orthopsittaca manilata): Ingxenye yobuso bayo inombala ophuzi ojwayelekile futhi ayinazo izimpaphe. Inosayizi ongaba amasentimitha angama-50 kanye nesisindo esingama-300 kuya ku-350 amagremu. Izimpaphe zayo ziluhlaza futhi ikhombisa ibala elibomvu esiswini eqanjwe ngalo igama. Amahlombe nesiphongo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesifuba esiseduze nokumpunga. Ngaphezu kwendawo yayo ephuzi eyingqayizivele ebusweni, ingxenye yangaphakathi yamaphiko nomsila nayo inalowo mbala.
Uhlobo lweCyanopsitta
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela, okuthi ngaphezu kokuyivelakancane kakhulu lusengozini enkulu:
- I-Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Blue Macaw.
I-Macaw Habitat
Indawo engokwemvelo yama-macaws itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasemahlathini njengalawo aseMelika, ikakhulukazi lawo aseNingizimu Melika, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezimbalwa zitholakala eMelika Ephakathi, ezinye zifinyelela eMexico. Indawo lapho ingxenye enkulu yama-macaw igxile khona ihambisana nomfula i-Amazon, imingcele yeColombia nePanama kanye nezindawo ezihlukahlukene zaseBrazil. Ibuye ibe khona ePeru, eBolivia ngisho nase-Ecuador.
Noma kunjalo, izinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu, i-scarlet macaw, zinaba eMelika Ephakathi ziye e-Amazon. Icala elilodwa liwukuthi i-macaw eluhlaza, njengoba inokusabalalisa okungavamile kakhulu, njengoba itholakala eMexico, ezindaweni zaseVenezuela nase-Argentina, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi yabantu iye yahlukanisa futhi yahlukanisa abantu bayo.
Izindawo ezihlala ama-macaw ehlathini lemvula elifanayo ziyashintsha phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-macaw abomvu ahlala ezindaweni eziphansi, kuyilapho ama-red-bellied macaw etholakala ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi.
I-Hyacinth Macaws izohamba nezinkathi zonyaka, isuka emifuleni evulekile yehlathi lemvula iye ehlathini lesundu elivuthiwe, bese iye endaweni evulekile kakhudlwana yamaxhaphozi anotshani. Kunama-macaws, afana nama-red-fronted, ahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule lapho ahlala khona emigodini noma emigodini yezindonga zemihosha kanye ne-yellow-necked macaw ehlala ezindaweni ezinotshani.
izilwane ezidla ezinye
Isikhathi lapho lezi zinyoni zibhekana nokudlelwa kulapho sezindize ngokugcwele. Izinyoni ezinkulu yizona eziyimbangela yalokhu. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ama-macaws ezivame kakhulu sithola ama-falcons anesifuba esiwolintshi (i-Falco deiroleucus), ama-hawk-eagles (i-Nisaetus cirrhatus) nama-harp eagles (i-Harpia harpyja).
abantu abadla inyama
Ngaphandle kwezwe lezinyoni, abantu babuye badle ama-Blue and Gold Macaws. Abantu bahamba bayofuna lezi zinhlobonhlobo, okungukuthi izimpaphe zazo ezimibalabala nenyama, lezi zamuva zisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokudla. Zibuye zibanjwe ngokungemthetho ngabantu ukuze zidayiswe njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Izihlahla kanye Dodge Predators
Ama-Blue and Gold Macaws ngokuvamile ahlala emigodini yezihlahla, akwazi ukusebenzisa izihlahla eziphakeme kakhulu, okuyindlela yokuhlala efihliwe kunoma yiziphi izinselele zawo ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Zivame ukucasha eziqwini ezingenalutho zezihlahla ezingaphili. Ama-macaw aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka negolide ayizinhlobo zokuqapha okukhulu, ngokungasoli nakancane uphawu lwengozi, ngokushesha andizela phezulu kuyilapho e-squaw ngokuqhubekayo futhi enomsindo.
Njengesilwane Esihamba Naye
Lapho zithunjiwe lezi zinyoni ziyizilwane ezihlanzeke kakhulu ezinakekela ukuhlanzeka kwazo. Kufanele nje sibanikeze isitsha esinamanzi afudumele ukuze bakwazi ukugeza futhi bazihlanze lapho bebona kudingekile. Inyoni yalesi sigaba akufanele neze ihlikihlwe noma ihlanzwe mathupha, ngoba singalimaza izimpaphe zayo. Ama-macaw angenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezikhona ngenxa yemibala ekhanyayo yezimpaphe zazo. Ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zingaphila ngokukhululeka, ziphinde zibe izilwane ezifuywayo ezithandekayo.
Ngokuvamile, ukuzalanisa lezi zilwane ezithunjiwe akulula, kodwa kuya kuba yimpumelelo. Okokuqala, umbhangqwana okhethiwe kufanele ube nobuhlobo obuhle, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho ukulwa kungase kuphakame phakathi kwabo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzwana, zingafakwa emakhejini axhumene isikhathi esithile ukuze zijwayezwe.
Amakheji azo kufanele abe nesikhala esanele kanye nebhokisi lesidleke okungenani elingamasentimitha angu-60 x 60 x 90 noma isiqu sesihlahla esingenalutho. Ngesikhathi sokuzala futhi isidleke samukelwa abashadikazi, bazosibumba ngemilomo yabo futhi bazongena lapho befuna ukuqala inqubo. Lezi zinyoni zizalela amaqanda amathathu noma amane, okuthi insikazi izowafukamela esikhathini esingamalanga angama-24 kuya kwezingama-28. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine amatshwele azophuma esidlekeni futhi abazali bawo bazowapha ukudla.
Isimo sokulondoloza
Isimo sazo zonke izinhlobo zama-macaw eziphila endle siyakhathaza. Eziningana zazo izinyoni ezisengozini enkulu futhi ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngenxa yengxube yezinto, okuhlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi afudumele nendawo yawo yemvelo, ukuzingela nokuqoqwa kohwebo kwezilwane ezifuywayo, wonke ama-macaw ayimpokophelo yokongiwa futhi avela Ohlwini Olubomvu Lwezilwane Ezisengozini Ye-IUNC.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-macaw azisekho, futhi umbhangqwana othile awuzange ubonwe iminyaka eminingi futhi ubhekwa njengonyamalele noma ususeduze nokushabalala. Zonke zibonisa izimpawu zokwehla kwenani labantu, ngakho zibhekwa njengezinyoni ezisengozini, ezisongelwa, ezingenakuzivikela noma ezikhathazayo. Namuhla i-IUNC Red List of Threatened Species ibonisa ukuthi ezi-2 zezinhlobo ze-macaw zisengozini Ebucayi (CR), 3 Endangered (En), 1 Near Threatened (NT), 2 Defenceless (VU), kanye 9 Minor. Concern (LC).
Ukuzalaniswa kwama-macaw okuvalelwe kuyasiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nasekunciphiseni inani lezinyoni zasendle ezivaleleke. Nokho, lezi zinyoni ziyi-monomorphic, okusho ukuthi ubulili bazo abukwazi ukuchazwa ngezimpawu zabo noma umbala wezimpaphe zazo. Ukuze zizale ngempumelelo, ubulili balezi zinyoni bungabonakala ngokuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa, i-endoscopy, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA noma ucwaningo lwe-chromosomal.
Ubudlelwano Nabantu
Ama-macaws abhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile, ngoba athandeka kakhulu hhayi nje ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okumibalabala, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ayadlala futhi athambile. Futhi baneshalofu ende yokuphila futhi banamandla kakhulu. Nokho, ukuphimisela kwazo kungase kuphakame kakhulu, futhi zithanda ukuhlafuna noma iyiphi into ezingafinyelela kuyo. Wonke ama-macaw adinga ukuhlalisana okuhle nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo ukuze abe izilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle.
Uma ukhetha inyoni njengesilwane esifuywayo, into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule yizinhlobonhlobo zama-macaws futhi uchaze ukuthi yiziphi ezifanele kakhulu indlela yakho yokuphila. Ukwakhiwa kwe-macaw nendawo ezosidinga, izindleko zokuyithenga, nezindleko zokuyigcina kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo. Izinhlobo ezincane, nakuba zingenambala kakhulu, zidinga indawo encane futhi izindleko ezihambisana nazo zingaba ngaphansi kunalezo zezinhlobo ezinkulu noma ama-hybrids.
Olunye udaba olubalulekile yisimo sayo sokongiwa. Inani lama-macaws liyakhula ngenxa ye-aviculture, nokho akuzona zonke izinhlobo zama-macaws endle eziyimbangela yokukhathazeka futhi iningi lezinyoni ezisengozini yokushabalala. Ama-macaws, okuyizinyoni ezisengozini kakhulu futhi angaqinisiwe ekuthunjweni, akufanele agcinwe ngawodwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Esikhundleni salokho, lawa ma-macaw kufanele ahlanganiswe ngezinhloso zokuzalanisa ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo esikhathini esizayo. Eziyingozi kakhulu ngokuvamile ziyivelakancane kakhulu futhi zivame ukubiza kakhulu, kanti ezinye azitholakali.
Umlando Wokwakhiwa Kwasekhaya
Ama-Macaws asungulwe kabanzi njengezilwane ezifuywayo amashumi eminyaka, futhi amanye amarekhodi abonisa ukuthi i-Green-winged Macaw kungenzeka ukuthi yagcinwa njengasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1970 noma ngaphambili. ULyndon L. Hargrove ubukeza izixhumanisi zokuqala nama-macaws encwadini yakhe ethi Comparative Osteology of Mexican Macaws, eyabhalwa ngo-1536. Ubhekisela kubantu bomdabu bango-XNUMX ababehlala ezifundeni manje eziyiNew Mexico ne-Arizona, ngokuthi "bashintshisane ngosiba lukapholi ukuze bazuze. amatshe aluhlaza enyakatho.
Ngo-1716, umpristi waseSpain, uBaba uVerlarde, wabika ukuthi opholi abaningi "amaNdiya angamaPima aphakama ngenxa yezimpaphe zawo ezinhle... azihlwitha ezinyonini entwasahlobo ukuze azihlobise." Eminye imibhalo yakudala iphinde iveze ukuthi ezinye izizwe njengabomdabu babefuya ama-macaw basebenzise izimpaphe zabo njengemihlobiso. Baphinde baphawule ukubaluleka kwenkolo phakathi komlindi waseNdiya kanye ne-macaw, okusho ukuthi umuntu ongaziphathanga kahle akakwazi ukugcina i-scarlet macaw.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YB9KQjABjS0
Mhlawumbe omunye wemilando ethakazelisa kakhulu yama-macaw owabantu baseBrazil. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, abomdabu bahlwitha uphaphe olubomvu futhi bathelela indawo ngoketshezi lwesele noma lwesele. Uphaphe olulandelayo oluzozalwa lungaba umbala osawolintshi ogqamile noma ophuzi. Naphezu kokulimala kwesikhashana kwesibambo sepeni, ipeni elisha belibiza kakhulu.
Izinombolo ezinkulu zama-macaw zilethwe e-United States naseYurophu lapho zigcinwe khona njengezilwane ezifuywayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-1900. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-macaw zazidume kakhulu ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zazivame ukuhwebelana ngokuhlukana futhi ubulili bazo kwakunzima ukunquma, ukuzala kwakungeyona into ehamba phambili ekuqaleni. Lesi sikhathi singabona futhi ukuthi isithakazelo kuma-parrots amakhulu aphakama kanjani futhi awela ngokushintsha kwezenzakalo zezwe.
Ukulima kopholi kube nomthelela kuzo zombili lezi ziqubulo ezimbili zomhlaba kanye neziqephu ezimbalwa zokuqubuka kwezifo ezihlobene nezinyoni. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ngokuhamba ngezindiza okushibhile, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kwanda. Ukugcina opholi abakhulu futhi kuba kuhle kakhulu. Ama-parrots azo zonke izinhlobo afika ngobuningi e-United States, ekhuthaza ukufuywa kwezilwane kanye nokuzalanisa okuthunjiweyo. Njengamanje ukungeniswa kwezinyoni kwamanye amazwe kulinganiselwe kakhulu, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zikhuliswa ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni futhi ama-macaw atholakala kalula.
Sincoma izinto zethu ezilandelayo: