I-bronchitis engapheli. Izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

Ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula Okungapheli ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kolwelwesi lwamafinyila oluhlanganisa i-bronchi. Ihlobene kakhulu ne- ukuhogela izinto ezicasulayo neziyingozinjengentuthu kagwayi, amagesi nezinto ezingcolisa umoya.

I-pathology ivame ukuzibonakalisa nge ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo (okungukuthi, ngokuphuma kwamafinyila). kwesinye isikhathi ihlotshaniswa nayo ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula.

Kusho ukuthini I-Chronic Bronchitis?

I-bronchitis engapheli a ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwe-bronchi, okungukuthi, amagatsha esihlahla sokuphefumula aqala ku-trachea futhi afinyelele ingaphakathi lamaphaphu.

Isici esidala kakhulu i-bronchitis engapheli intuthu kagwayi, kodwa futhi ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside ku i-inhalation irritants, amakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba, okuvumela ukugcinwa kokuvuvukala.

I-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-acute: uyini umehluko?

I-bronchitis engapheli ihluke efomini elibi ngezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, ukuze kuchazwe njengokungapheli, izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwe-bronchial kufanele kube ekhona okungenani izinyanga ezintathu eminyakeni emibili. Akumele kube yizinyanga zilandelana.

Kungaphezulu:

• I-bronchitis engapheli:
  • Kubangelwa ukuchayeka kaningi ezintweni ezicasulayo, okubaluleke kakhulu ugwayi.
  • Uma ingelashwa ngendlela efanele, ngokuhamba kweminyaka ingaguqukela kumafomu abucayi kakhulu, njenge-COPD.
• I-bronchitis eyingozi:
  • Ukuvuvukala kwemvelaphi ethathelwanayo ikakhulukazi (ngokuvamile, kuyinkimbinkimbi yomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane).
  • Uma iphathwe ngendlela efanele, ijwayele ukuphola ngesikhathi esifushane, ingashiyi imiphumela.

Izimbangela nezici zobungozi

Kwenzekani phambi kwe-Chronic Bronchitis

Inqubo yokuvuvukala emsuka we-bronchitis engapheli ibeka phambili i-hypertrophy (okungukuthi, ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwe-pathological) yezindlala ezikhiqiza amafinyila, atholakala phakathi udonga lwe-bronchi, okuvela kuyo imiphumela emibili:

1. I-Mucus hypersecretion: ngokwandisa umthamo kanye nomsebenzi wamangqamuzana akhiqiza uketshezi lwamafinyila, lokhu okugcina kunzima kakhulu ukukuqeda futhi kuvame ukuqina, kube yi-viscous.
2. Ukuqina kwezindonga ze-bronchi ngokufinyeza kwamangqamuzana emisipha amancane awazungezile noma ngokunqwabelana ngokweqile kwamafinyila, ane:
   • Ukwehliswa kwe-cilia edlidlizayo kulowo mugqa i-airway mucosa, ngokwezinombolo kanye nokusebenza. (Qaphela: lezi zakhiwo, ngokunyakazisa kwazo okuguquguqukayo, zithanda ukuxoshwa kwemizimba yangaphandle esihlahleni se-bronchi).
   • Umkhawulo Ukugeleza komoya: lapho kukhona i-bronchitis engapheli, kuba nzima ukuthola umoya futhi uphume emigwaqweni yomoya emincane.

I-bronchitis engapheli: yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko?

I-bronchitis engapheli umphumela we inhlanganisela eziningana izici ezemvelo y yokuziphatha.

Imbangela ebaluleke kakhulu ye-bronchitis engapheli yi- intuthu kagwayi, ikakhulukazi leyo kagwayi, esheshisa futhi igcizelele ukuwohloka kwemvelo kokusebenza kokuphefumula.

Ezinye izici nazo zenza ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwe-bronchi kungenzeka kakhulu, njenge:

• Intuthu engashintshi (ikhuthaza ukuhogela kwamagesi nezinhlayiya).
• Ukuchayeka ezinhlayiyeni ezicasulayo, intuthu kanye nomusi, uthuli namakhemikhali, kokubili ekhaya nasezindaweni zokusebenza (isibonelo: i-silica noma i-cadmium, amagesi kanye nemikhiqizo evuthayo evela kumafutha okupheka noma okufudumeza).
• Ukunukubezeka komoya (intuthu nezinhlayiya ezinhle zendawo ezungezile, intuthu ephuma ezimotweni, izitofu, izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, njll.).

Abanye abantu babonakala benesimo semvelo se-bronchitis engapheli, njenge:

• I-Inmunosupresión.
• Izifo zepheshana lokuphefumula ezitholwe ebuntwaneni (ikakhulukazi uma ziphindaphinda, ikakhulukazi ezinzima kanye/noma zikwazi ukuba nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwesihlahla sokuphefumula), njenge:
  • i-bronchiolitis;
  • i-bronchitis eyingozi;
  • inyumoniya;
  • i-pleuritis.
• Umlando omuhle womuntu siqu noma ukujwayelana no:
  • i-allergies;
  • i-asma;
  • amanye ama-pathologies wokuphefumula.

Izimpawu ze-bronchitis engapheli

Ngokomtholampilo, i-bronchitis engapheli ichazwa ngokuba khona kwe ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo (okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamafinyila kanye ne-expectoration efanayo), okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu zonyaka, iminyaka emi-2 elandelanayo.

Ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungase kuhlotshaniswe nakho i-dyspnea, okuchazwa njengokwandisa umzamo wokuphefumula noma ukushaywa umoya phakathi nokuzikhandla okulinganiselwe ngokomzimba (isb, ukuhamba). Ku-bronchitis engapheli, isikhwehlela singaba nzima kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukudlula.

Iziqephu zokuvuvukala

Esimweni se-bronchitis engapheli, ukuphindaphinda kweziqephu zokuvuvukala kuyisenzakalo esisheshayo, ngokuvamile esibangelwa ukucasuka okuhoxisiwe noma imbangela ethathelwanayo. Ukuvuvukala kwe-bronchial kubangela ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezimpawu zokuphefumula (ukuphefumula, ukucinana kwesifuba, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhathala, nokungalungi). Kwezinye izimo, lesi simo singaba isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

I-bronchitis engapheli: Amafomu

i-bronchitis elula engapheli

I-bronchitis elula engapheli ibonakala kuphela ngokukhwehlela nokuphuma ngokweqile kwe-mucus.

I-bronchitis engapheli ye-mucopurulent

I-bronchitis engapheli ye-mucopurulent ibonakala ngokuphindaphinda kweziqephu ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula, okuthandwa ukuphikelela kwe-mucus eqinile ne-viscous (i-substrate ekahle ye-colonization ye-pathogens), ezingeni le-bronchi. Kulolu hlobo lwe-pathology, i-sputum ibonakala i-purulent.

Izinkinga neziyaluyalu ezihambisana nazo

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-bronchitis engapheli

Kwezinye izimo, uma inganakwa futhi iqhubeka isikhathi eside, i-bronchitis engapheli ijwayele ukuvela kancane kancane, ibangele umkhawulo wokugeleza komoya, okumakwa ngokwandayo futhi kwenze ukuphefumula kube nzima, ngisho nangemva kwemizamo emincane.

Lesi sithombe somtholampilo sibhebhezelwa ukwanda kokungenwa yizifo zokuphefumula zemvelaphi yegciwane, amagciwane noma isikhunta. Lokhu kuvame ukuphola kancane futhi kungabangela ukuphindeka okuhambisana nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Njengoba i-bronchitis engapheli iqhubeka, lezi ziqephu zivame ukuvama futhi zingase zibangele impendulo ebalulekile yokuvuvukala.

Ukuvuvukala kungase futhi kuthinte iphaphu, predisposing ukubukeka ezinye izimo ze-pathological, ezingahlehliseki ngokuphelele, njengokuthi:

• i-bronchopneumonia;
• i-emphysema;
• isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvinjwa kwamaphaphu (COPD).

Ukuxilongwa

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa kwe-Chronic Bronchitis?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-bronchitis engapheli kusungulwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma i-pulmonologist yokudlulisela ngokusekelwe kulokhu:

• I-Anamnesis: kuhilela ukuqoqwa kwedatha nolwazi olungase lube usizo ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kokugcina (isibonelo, umkhuba wokubhema noma ukuba khona kwezinye izici eziyingozi, ikhwalithi yokuphefumula, imvamisa yeziqephu ezivuvukalayo ezinezimpawu, njll.);
• ukuhlolwa kwenhloso: i-auscultation ye-bronchi namaphaphu nge-stethoscope iqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezinye izimpawu zesici sesithombe somtholampilo.

Uphenyo lwamathuluzi nobunye ubufakazi.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, kungase kudingeke ukuba kwenziwe a isifuba x-ray, okubonisa i isimo sokuvuvukala kwe-bronchi. Lesi simo sokugcina singabuyekezwa ngokuthi a bronchoscopy.

I-Spirometry ivumela ukunquma umonakalo emsebenzini ukuphefumula okwesibili ku-bronchitis engapheli. Eqinisweni, ukuhlola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukala inani lomoya ofinyelela emaphashini ngokuphefumulelwa ngakunye nokuthi ungakanani okhishwayo ngokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngaphezu kokusungula isikhathi esisithathayo ukuqedela sonke isenzo sokuphefumula.

Ukwelashwa Namakhambi

Umgomo wokwelashwa kwe-bronchitis engapheli ukunciphisa ukwanda Futhi yini ebaluleke kakhulu, vimbela isifo ukuthi singaqhubeki. Endabeni ye-COPD, okwamanje alikho ikhambi elisebenzayo elivumela ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi wokuphefumula olahlekile.

Kunoma yikuphi, isu elifanele kakhulu lokwelapha kufanele lihlale licabangela izinkomba zomuntu ngamunye ezisungulwe udokotela, ezakhiwe ngokuphathelene nezinga lokuphazamiseka, izimpawu nezidingo zomuntu siqu zesiguli.

I-bronchitis engapheli: yikuphi ukwelashwa okubonakala kusengaphambili?

Okokuqala, indlela efanele ye-bronchitis engapheli ihilela ukususa izimbangela eziwubangelayo, njengokubhema nokuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo.

Ukuze unciphise izimpawu futhi kube lula ukuphulukiswa, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuhlanganisa a hydration efanelekile kuhlangene phendula. Ukuphuza kakhulu kuvumela ukugcwala kwamafinyila.

Ngokuphathelene nemithi ye-bronchitis engapheli, udokotela angase anikeze bronchodilators adonse umoya. Le mithi isiza imisipha ye-bronchi ukuba iphumule futhi ikhuthaze ukuhamba komoya, ithuthukise amandla okuphefumula. Ukusebenza okukhulu kakhulu kutholakala ngokungenelela kusenesikhathi kanye nokulandelwa okuvamile kokwelashwa.

Ezinye izidakamizwa ezingase zikhonjiswe yilezi ama-expectorants, okunciphisa i-mucus, kube lula ukususwa kwayo, uma kwenzeka kunzima ukuyixosha ngokukhwehlela.

Kwezinye izimo, i-bronchitis engapheli ingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ukuphatha noma yiziphi izinkinga, isibonelo, ngokwelashwa komoya-mpilo, ukungena komoya okungenasidingo (ngemaski yobuso) kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Imithi esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezingeni lasesibhedlela ingase ihlanganise i-systemic corticosteroids (amaphilisi noma ngokufakwa emithanjeni), ama-antibiotics (uma kunesidingo, okungukuthi, lapho kukhona izifo ezihambisana namagciwane), kanye nama-mucolytics.

Prevención

I-bronchitis engapheli: amanye amathiphu

• Ukuvimbela ukuqala nokuvela kwe-bronchitis engapheli, Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuchayeka emhlabeni wonke entuthuni kagwayi, uthuli lwasemsebenzini, nokungcola kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
• Ukuze uvimbele exacerbations, iziguli ezine-bronchitis engapheli zinconywa ukuthi zithole imigomo evamile yomkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumococcal pneumonia. Eqinisweni, lezi zifo ezithathelwanayo zingase zibhebhethekise ukusebenza kokuphefumula osekwenzekile kakade.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, iziguli ezine-bronchitis engapheli zingazuza ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuphepha:

• Gcina igumbi lapho sinomoya omuhle khona (ezinsukwini lapho umoya ungcoliswe kakhulu, kunalokho, kuhle ukuhlala endlini, namafasitela avaliwe).
• Gwema intuthu kagwayi esebenzayo futhi engenzi lutho.
• Lawula isisindo, ukuze ungaphoqeleli uhlelo lokuphefumula ngokuqhubekayo.
• Zijwayeze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezithile ukuze ugcine imisipha yokuphefumula isebenza futhi uthuthukise ukubekezelela umzamo.