Ngaphakathi kwamaphuzu asemqoka ale ndlela yokufundisa kuyacaciswa ukuthi uyini umswakama, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi ulinganiswa kanjani. Ngokuvamile, kuyaziwa ukuthi Umswakama uyinkinga evamile, abanye abantu bahlangabezana nemiphumela engathandeki ezindongeni zokuhlala kanye nophahla, abanye bathonywa ngokuqondile.
Kuyacaca ukuthi umswakama utholakala yonke indawo, umbuzo uphakama, kodwa Uyini umswakama? Kuqondakala ngamagama alula ukuthi, i umswakama isilinganiso somhwamuko wamanzi oqukethwe endaweni ezungezile.
Ungakwazi ukubona njalo ukuthi kukhona umhwamuko wamanzi owuzungezile futhi isamba siyashintsha njengoba kuboniswa izinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo endabeni yokuthi lisanda kunetha, ukuthi liseduze nolwandle, uma kukhona uhlaza phansi noma cha, izinga lokushisa lagxila emoyeni, phakathi kokunye.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi lapho unamanzi eduze anamandla okufudumeza futhi ahlakazeke kuwumthombo womswakama, isibonelo ovela ngaphandle kwamanzi, amachibi, inhlabathi emanzi kanye nezitshalo, lapho amanzi engase atholakale kalula.ifomu eliqinile (eliqinile), uketshezi kanye imihwamuko (umhwamuko).
Umsuka nokutholwa komswakamo wasendlini
Okokuqala, ukuthola isizathu somswakama wasendlini kanye nokuqala kwawo, kufanele sikhombe lapho sinenkinga yokunamathela nokuthi izibonisa kanjani. Kunengqondo ukwazi uhlobo lomswakama oluthonya indlu, kuye ngokuthi iziphazamiso zethulwa kanjani.
Nakuba kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi, ngezikhathi eziningi, izimpawu eziboniswa ezakhiweni zokuvuleka noma izimbobo ezindongeni noma ezindongeni zesakhiwo, lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yomswakama ngokuhlunga. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga ekwakhiweni kwendlu, ngenxa yokungangeni kahle kwamanzi noma ngenxa yenkinga ohlelweni lwamapayipi noma iziteshi, okungaba neshwa.
Kunengqondo, odongeni olunembobo ebangelwa umswakama kanye nebala elibonakalayo, ngenxa yokuphuka kwamanzi ohlangothini lwawo olungaphandle. Uma ubona izindonga ezithile ezimanzi, noma amaconsi omswakama engilazini nasemafasiteleni, kungase kube ngenxa yenkinga yokucwiliswa emanzini ebangelwa ukunqwabelana kwalawo mathonsi amanzi emvula.
Umswakamo owenzeka ngokujiya nawo ungaveza iphunga elimnandi elimnandi futhi ungaxhunyaniswa nokuba seduze kwesikhunta kanye nesikhunta emakhoneni noma ezindongeni ezivikelwe. Uma kwenzeka kuba nomswakama ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwesakhiwo noma kubonakale sengathi usuka phansi.
Kodwa uma bengafinyeleli ekuphakameni kwemitha engu-1 odongeni, kunengqondo ukuthi inkinga yenzeka ngenxa yokunyuka komswakama. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yokufakwa komswakama emhlabathini futhi ukuthi ukhuphuka ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana zezindonga kanye namalunga nomhlabathi.
Yini umswakama we-ambient?
Ukucwiliswa kwamanzi okwaziwa ngokuthi umswakamo we-ambient, isilinganiso somhwamuko wamanzi ohlukaniswa yonke indawo. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ivezwe ngendlela ephelele uma kubizwa ngokuthi umswakama ophelele noma ngesimo esihlobene uma kungumswakama ohlobene noma izinga lokunamathela kulokho ocwilisiwe.
Umswakama ohlobene waziwa njengesilinganiso senani eliphakathi kwesilinganiso sangempela somhwamuko wamanzi ozungezile kanye nalokho obekungadingeka ukuze ucwile ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elifanayo. Imodeli: uma i-viscosity ehlobene ingu-70%, kusho ukuthi ku-100% walowo mphunga wamanzi umoya ongaba nawo, uzoba no-70% kuphela.
umswakama esimweni sezulu
Imvelo iwumphumela wezinto eziningana ezisebenzisanayo, izici ze-geological, isibonelo, izintaba nolwandle, zithinta izimo zabo. Ngale ndlela, ukuqoka umkhathi, kubalulekile ukuphenya izinga lokushisa, umfutho womoya kanye nomswakama owuzungezile.
Kuyacaca ukuthi i-hygrometry iyingxenye yesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ebuyekeza izizathu zokunamathela kwamazolo emvelweni kanye nokulinganisa kokuhlukahluka kwawo. Igama layo livela ku-Greek hygroscopy, hygro ehlanganisa okumanzi kanye ne-escopia emele ukuhlolwa.
Izindlela zokuhlola umswakama
Kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukene ukuhlola ukuswakama komoya:
- Umswakama othize
- Umfutho we-vapor
- umswakama ophelele
- isilinganiso sokuxuba
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ezindaweni ezibandayo, kuyindawo lapho kunomswakama omkhulu, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho ukucwiliswa kuphansi. Ubumanzi buthinta impilo yethu yansuku zonke ngemibono eminingi futhi bungaba nomthelela omubi futhi ngendlela egcizelelayo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa Ukuqwashisa kwemvelo.
Umswakamo ungagcina unomthelela enhlalakahleni yethu kanye nengqondo yethu kanye nezinto ezisihlanganisayo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zendalo ezivamile nezisobala, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngombono womswakama, imibono esetshenziswayo nokuthi ungasithonya kanjani ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke kanye nasemakhaya ethu.
umswakama womkhathi
Umswakama womoya uyisamba (noma umthamo) womhwamuko wamanzi otholakala endaweni ezungezile. Lo mhwamuko wamanzi ufinyelela endaweni ezungezile ngenqubo eyisici yokushabalala futhi uvela ikakhulukazi olwandle, amachibi, imisele yamanzi, olwandle kanye nezinguzunga zeqhwa kanye nokuhwamuka okuvela emhlabeni, kanye nemifino nezilwane.
Qonda ukuthi amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile yeplanethi enguMhlaba futhi ayisihluthulelo se-biosphere ngoba ahlinzeka ngokudla nomsebenzi emaqenjini amaningi ezinhlobo zezilwane, ngakho abalulekile ukuze impilo iqhubeke. Umhwamuko wamanzi yigesi ekhiqizwa ngenxa yenqubo yokuhlakazwa, lapho ingxenye eyinhlanganisela ishintsha isimo sayo somzimba isuka oketshezini ibe umhwamuko.
Izinga lomswakamo elikhona endaweni ethile lizoncika ezintweni eziguquguqukayo ezithile ezicacile endaweni, isibonelo, ukuba seduze kwemigudu yamanzi, ukuvela kabusha kwemvula, izinga lokushisa elivamile lomoya kanye nokuhwamuka.
Ukuswakama kulinganiselwa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-hygrometer, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lomswakamo elikhona nxazonke noma kumagesi ahlukahlukene. Umoya uqukethe ikhono elidlulele kakhulu lokubamba umhwamuko wamanzi, kuye ngezinga lokushisa elithile nokucindezela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Saturation Humidity.
Izilinganiso ezihluka phakathi kuka-0%, omelela umoya owomile ngokuphelele ongenawo umhwamuko wamanzi, ofika ku-100%, inani lawo libonisa isizinda esicwile ngokuphelele umhwamuko wamanzi, okuyisigaba sokuqala salokho okwaziwa ngokuthi indawo yamazolo.
Iphuzu lamazolo
Iphuzu lamazolo liyindawo yokushisa lapho umhwamuko wamanzi, olondolozwa esimweni esithile, uguqulwa ube amazolo ngezindlela zenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuqoqwana (ukushintsha kwesimo somzimba kusuka kumhwamuko kuya oketshezini) futhi kuhlala kushesha ezindaweni.
Kuleli qophelo lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene emhlabeni ungu-100% futhi lapho ungasakwazi ukuthwala umhwamuko wamanzi, uhlangana futhi unamathele ezindaweni lapho amazolo ewa. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka lapho kunoshintsho oludlulele ezingeni lokushisa.
Ngokwesibonelo, emvelweni, kungabonakala ekukhanyeni kokuqala lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, indlela amazolo athola futhi ame ngayo endaweni yezinto, izitshalo, ingadi kanye nezinye izinto ezinganamathela kuzo.
Amazolo ayakwazi ukugeleza ebusika nasehlobo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa linomehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Lapho ukujiya kwenzeka emvelweni emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwamadigri aziro, amazolo aphenduka abe yiqhwa elimboza indawo emhlophe yeqhwa eliqinile.
Ngokuphambene, endaweni evaliwe umhwamuko wamanzi uzohlangana kunoma iyiphi indawo enezinga lokushisa eliphansi lamazolo. Isibonelo, uma ufaka isitsha samanzi esiqandisini bese kuthi lapho kubanda uyawakhipha, uzobona ukuthi umhwamuko wamanzi ugcwala ngaphandle kwembiza ngoba izinga lokushisa liphansi kunelo. umhwamuko wamanzi ozungezile. Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho umuntu egeza, qaphela ukuthi kokubili ama-tile nezibuko noma amafasitela endlu yokugezela agcwele inkungu.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, inkinga engaqala ukubhekwana nayo ngokugqugquzela Ukuqwashisa ngemvelo , ingavezwa ngezindlela ezi-3 ezahlukene ezishiwo:
Umswakamo Ophelele
Kuyisilinganiso somusi wamanzi, olinganiselwa ngamagremu (g), otholakala endaweni ethile. Kunqunywa ngeyunithi yomthamo womoya olinganiselwa kuma-cubic metres (m3). Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola umkhawulo womoya owuvalayo ukuze uvumele noma cha umthamo ophawuleka kakhulu womhwamuko wamanzi.
Umswakama ophelele yinqwaba yomusi wamanzi otholakala ngevolumu ethile yomoya, ngaphambi kokuthi uzinze (i-viscosity ehlobene). Cabanga ukuthi izinga lokushisa linquma umswakama ngoba izixuku zomoya oshisayo zinamandla amakhulu okugcina umhwamuko wamanzi kunobuningi bomoya obandayo. Umswakama ophelele ukhangiswa ngamagremu ku-cubic meter ngayinye.
Umehluko phakathi komswakama ohlobene nokuswakama okuphelele ukuthi owokuqala uqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sesivinini (inani lamanzi angabanjwa futhi agcinwe lapho) futhi lokhu kwakamuva kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sesilinganiso samanzi esisindweni somoya ( kunqunywa ngamagremu noma amakhilogremu).
Umswakama othize
Lo mswakamo othize isilinganiso somusi wamanzi oqukethwe ngokuphawulekayo endaweni ethile. Intuthu yamanzi ilinganiselwa ngamagremu (g), kanti kulesi simo umoya ulinganiselwa kumakhilogremu (kg). Leli nani linqunywa ukunquma isilinganiso somswakama ngesisindo esidingekayo ukucwilisa ikhilogremu eyodwa yomoya owomile.
RH
Umkhawulo womoya wokubamba amanzi osekelwe endaweni yokucwiliswa (unqamule lowomoya ukuze ubambe amanzi) kanye nezinga lokushisa elithile. Isibalo sawo sinqunywa ngokusele phakathi kokulinganisa komhwamuko okhona endaweni.
Ibekwe eceleni ngesamba esikhulu kunazo zonke engayiqukatha, iphindwe ngekhulu (umphumela ukhangiswa njengenani). Umswakama olinganiselwe ka-100% ubonisa ukuthi usufinyelele iphuzu lakho elilinganiselwe lokucwiliswa futhi kusukela kulelo phuzu noma iliphi inani lomhwamuko liyanqwabelana (liba uketshezi).
Ukubaluleka Kokuswakama Komkhathi
Umswakama osemkhathini ufeza imisebenzi ethile ebalulekile endaweni ephila emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthinta kakhulu isimo sezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa loMhlaba.
Umhwamuko wamanzi ungenye yamagesi acekela phansi i-ozone endaweni ezungezile eMhlabeni, obekungeke kube umsebenzi obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komuntu njengamanye amagesi anezimbangela ku-ozone, okuwukugcina ukushisa ebusweni bomhlaba nokuvimba imisebe ekhanyayo. ilanga.
Kungakho umhwamuko umisa ingxenye yokushisa emisebeni yelanga bese uyihlakaza kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngokusebenzisa izimo zawo ezibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-hydrological of transpiration, ukuhwamuka, imvula kanye nokufingqa.
Kungalezi zinqubo lapho umswakama womkhathi unezela ekondlekeni kwezitshalo kanye nenqubo ye-photosynthesis ngendlela eyanele. Lokhu kuvumela ukukhula kwezimila zasemhlabeni ngaphandle kokuncika okukhulu ohlelweni lwamanzi, yingakho futhi kusikisela ukubaluleka okunempilo kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
RH
Umqondo womswakamo ohlobene ungabonakala kalula njengokuhlobana phakathi kwesilinganiso somhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni (okubiza lo mbono ngokuthi umswakama ophelele), kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu somusi wamanzi esitholakala endalweni. etholakalayo (echaza lokhu kokugcina njengokunamathela kokucwiliswa ngokuphelele).
Yingakho izinga lokushisa nokucindezela esizindeni esithile kuthonya ngokusemthethweni umswakama ohlobene obekwe kuso. Isikhala noma isistimu ingakhuphula noma yehlise umswakama waso ohlobene uma kukhona izinguquko kuzinga lokushisa laso, ezimeni ezithile ekucindezelweni, noma kokubili. Esimeni somoya esibanda kakhulu, isilinganiso esifanayo somhwamuko wamanzi sikhiqiza umswakama ohlobene kakhulu kunasendaweni enomoya ofudumele.
Umbono womswakama ohlobene nokunethezeka okufudumele kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kusukela emuzweni wokunethezeka nokuqina komuntu, kanye nokusebenza ngendlela efanele kwezinqubo nokuqanjwa okusha. Ngakho-ke, imingcele ehlobene nomswakama ilawulwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuklanyeni kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuthutha.
Amapharamitha womswakama ohlobene adinga ukulungiswa hhayi kuphela ezakhiweni, isibonelo, imigqa yokukhiqiza, imitholampilo yezokwelapha, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye nezindlu, kodwa nasezimotweni nasezindleleni zokuhamba, njengoba ukulawula le mingcele kuthathwa njengokubalulekile kubantu. ukunethezeka, ukuvikeleka kanye nokusebenza kwezinto ezintsha.
Hygrothermal Comfort Kuyini?
Ngakho-ke, umswakama ohlobene, phakathi kwezimfanelo ezahlukene ezihlobene nomoya kanye nezinga lokushisa, kubhekwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi induduzo yokushisa. Induduzo efudumele, noma empeleni ebizwa ngokuthi induduzo ye-hygrothermal, ingabonakala njengenduduzo yabantu abathintekayo esimweni esinemingcele ethile yomswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa.
Yilokho umzimba womuntu oxhunywe kuwo ukuze uphendule izinguquko ezingeni lokushisa lomhlaba owuzungezile. Kodwa-ke, le mpendulo imosha ubungqabavu be-metabolic futhi ingalimaza nenhlalakahle ngokwayo, esimweni sezimo eziyihlazo noma lezo ezitholakala isikhathi eside.
Ukunethezeka kwe-Hygrothermal kuveza isizinda njengento emnandi ngokushisa lapho ukuncenga kwezingxenye ezilawula ukushisa komzimba (isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kokuqina kwe-metabolic, umjuluko, phakathi kokunye) kungabalulekile ekunyakazeni okumile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezilula.
Indawo yokwaneliseka okufudumele yenziwa ngokugcina ukunyakaza okumile (isibonelo, ukuhlala ekamelweni) nokugqoka izingubo ezilula, ngakho-ke lo muzwa ungafinyelelwa phakathi kuka-20 ° C no-25 ° C, ukugcina imingcele yomswakama womhlaba phakathi U-20% no-70% weqiniso kuye ngezinga lokushisa, nakuba uhla oluphelele Lokuswakama Okuhlobene esizindeni kuphakathi kuka-50 no-60% kakhulu.
Induduzo ye-hygrothermal yesimo sangaphakathi ihamba phakathi kwezimfanelo ezichazwe ngokuvumelana nezinga lokushisa lomoya ovulekile kanye nokuhambisana kwawo okuhlobene. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuthandeka kithi ukudlulisa ukushisa okuvela elangeni endlini yethu, ngenkathi ebandayo, isibonelo, ebusika. Nakuba maphakathi nonyaka, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngeke ibe ebukekayo kangaka.
Lokhu kubangelwa ukudalwa kokushisa ngumuntu kanye nokubuka kwawo umhlaba, ngalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-homeostasis, lapho indlela yethu yokuphila neyezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ezilawula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa langaphandle Zikhiqiza ukushisa ngokusebenzisa. izinguquko zokwenziwa ezisigcina siphila.
Ukusetshenziswa Komswakama Ohlobene
Kokubili endimeni yansuku zonke kanye nasemkhakheni onengqondo, ukubalwa kwalo mswakamo ohlobene kubalulekile ukuze kubonakale umswakama okhona endaweni. Emkhakheni okhethekile wezinto ezinengqondo nezesimo sezulu, abanye basebenza ngaphezu kwalokho ngamavelu nezilinganiso, isibonelo, umswakama ophelele kanye nomswakama othize.
Kodwa-ke, esimweni esivamile nesikhethekile, umswakama ohlobene (RH) ubaluleke kakhulu. Kunoma ikuphi, kungani? Isizathu esiyinhloko sibangelwa indlela umzimba womuntu ongazweli ngayo kumswakama ophelele noma umswakama osobala, kodwa uthonyeka ngokujulile futhi uzwela umswakama ohlobene.
Ngokuvamile, umoya nezimo zingathinta abantu ngandlela-thile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela kubantu ngabanye, kodwa nasezindaweni zendatshana, udaba nezakhiwo. Endaweni enomswakama ophansi, imvelo ngokuvamile izoqoqa umswakama kuzo zonke ezinye izinto ezikuyo, ngakho iyahwamuka.
Nakuba naphezu kwalokho okungase kulindelekile, esizindeni esifaka umswakama omningi olinganiselwe, ngokuvamile sizoshintshanisa umswakamo nezinye izinto, zicwiliswe. Lokhu kungathinta inhlalakahle yabantu, kuphinde kudaleke izimo ezidala ukuthi izinto nezakhiwo ezithile zibhidlike. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezibandayo, ukunamathela komswakamo ojwayelekile wangaphandle kuvamise ukuba phezulu futhi umkhawulo wokugeleza komhwamuko uphansi.
Ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme zasendlini, umswakama ohlobene uphansi futhi ungabangela umthelela womoya owomile. Lokhu kungabangela ukucindezeleka eshadini lokuphefumula komuntu, kwenze izingxenye zamakhala zome, ziphuke futhi zingabi namandla ngokuqhubekayo ngokumelene nezifo ezithile kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuphefumula.
Izikhathi ezibambezelekayo esimweni sokubambelela kumswakama omncane zingadala ukopha, kanye nokungakhululeki nokucasulayo kokuphefumula kwe-hypersensitivity. Ezimweni zomswakama ozungezile ophansi kakhulu, onamanani angaphansi kuka-20%, lokhu kungase kubangele ukungaphatheki kahle kwamehlo. Ngokufanayo, umoya owomile ungaba yingozi esikhumbeni.
Ukuze uhlale kude nalolu hlobo lwenkinga ezindlini naphezu kokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwamathebula emisha kanye nezindlela zokudala ezikhungweni zezimboni, izikhungo zocwaningo, phakathi kwamahhovisi ahlukene, isakhiwo siyanakekelwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezishisayo, okokwehlisa umswakama kanye namaphaneli okulawula. umswakama olinganiselwe ukuze kugcinwe amazinga acacile omswakamo ezindaweni.
umswakama endlini
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili kulesi sihloko, umswakama wasekhaya ungaba nethonya elibi, kokubili ukuze uthole induduzo nenhlalakahle. Kunoma yikuphi, umswakama ongaphakathi kwamakhaya ahlukahlukene nawo ungathonya izakhiwo nefenisha. Iphansi, ezindongeni ezisekelweni, uphahla kanye nefenisha kungathonywa futhi konakaliswe ngenxa yomswakama ongaphakathi.
Izinhlobo zomswakama
Umswakama ekhaya ungafika ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Inkinga esemqoka yokuba nokunamathela endlini noma endlini akukona nje ukubukeka okumnandi, kodwa umswakama ungaholela ekubeni khona kwesikhunta nesikhutha, okunciphisa imvelo yomhlabathi ngekhwalithi yawo.
Ukwazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomswakama wangaphakathi kuyisisekelo sokuba nenketho yokuxazulula izinkinga ezibangela lokho, naphezu kokucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwezimo ezingenampilo emzimbeni womuntu. Lezi yizinhlobo zokuswakama kwasendlini okuvamise ukusetshenzwa nazo:
Umswakama ngokuhlunga ngakunye
Umswakama ngokugeleza kwamanzi, noma ukugeleza okuvundlile, uzibonakalisa kancane kancane ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba izindonga zazo ezixhumene nomhlabathi noma ezifundeni eziseduze nemithombo yamanzi. Kuwuhlobo lomswakama olunganciphisa kakhulu izindonga futhi lungawohloka ngempela ukwakheka kwekhaya.
Futhi thonya amaphaneli kagesi futhi ulimaze ifenisha yekhaya. Kubalulekile ukubikezela ekuthuthukisweni komnyango ofanayo wokungena kwamanzi ongase ubangele le nkinga kamuva futhi uyivimbele ngokuvikela okukhulu.
Umswakama nge-capillarity
Ngomswakama we-capillarity, ukhuphuka ngenxa yesigaba samanzi ngokusebenzisa ama-pores kanye namalunga ephansi kanye nezindonga zesakhiwo, ezingaba nomthelela kokubili phansi kanye nodonga esisekelweni kanye nama-baseboards.
Kungaba ngenxa yamaphutha okuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukuntuleka kokuvikela umhlabathi okufanele, noma ukuqhuma noma ukwehluleka kwemisele kanye nemithombo yokuletha amanzi.
Lokhu kungasho ukuguga okubucayi kwesakhiwo sendlu, ngaphezu kokudala umonakalo wefenisha, izingozi kuphaneli kagesi ngisho nezinkinga zezokwelapha. Gcina ibanga lamasu kusuka kule nkinga ngentuthuko enhle ekwakhiweni kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqala naphezu kokulawula izinkinga ezingenzeka kumapayipi.
Umswakama wokujiya
Umswakama ngenxa yokufingqa kungenzeka ngenxa yokungangeni komoya okwanele ekhaya noma ukuvikelwa kokushisa okungekuhle ekuvaleni ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo kanye nezingwadule. I-Condensation idalwe yimisebenzi yansuku zonke yabahlali bendlu, isibonelo, ukugeza, ukupheka.
Kubalulekile ukulondoloza umoya ofanele ukuze kugcinwe ibanga eliqondile ukusuka ekubambeleleni komswakama ngenxa ye-condensation, njengoba kungabangela isikhunta kanye nesikhunta, naphezu kokungcolisa umoya nokulimaza inhlalakahle yabahlali bendlu.
umswakama ezindongeni
Omunye umswakama oyisisekelo izindonga ezingaphathwa yiwo umswakama obangelwa i-capillarity. Amanzi, umswakama kanye namaminerali emhlabathini akhula ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana, amalunga kanye nezikhala ezincane emhlabathini kanye namabhodi aphansi, okuthonya phansi kwezindonga nezindonga.
Esinye sezizathu ezingenzeka ukuthi kungani lokhu kuswakama kubonakala kungenxa yokungabonakali kwesendlalelo sokuzivikela esisekelweni noma iqiniso lokuthi lisesimweni esibi. Enye incazelo ecatshangwayo ingenxa yokuqeda okubi, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle phansi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi udaka oluwugqinsi lwaphansi luhlangane nomswakama, ngoba alukwazi ukungena emanzini futhi luyawugcina.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, ngenxa yomswakama we-condensation noma ukugeza okujwayelekile phansi, ngaphezu kwezinye izinto, umswakama ungadlula ngaphansi kwe-plinth kanye nezindawo eziphansi eziphansi, okuthi ngaleso sikhathi kubangele ukutholwa kodaka olumahhadla olugcina lusakazwa. ezindongeni nasezindongeni umsebenzi omuhle we-capillarity. Lapho indlu isivele yakhiwe, kunezixazululo ezi-3 ongazisebenzisa uma kunesidingo:
Buyisela i-insulation ngesinqamuleli samanzi
Lokhu kuqukethe ukubhoboza udonga ezinhlangothini zalo ukuze kuthande le nkinga futhi kugcwalise lezi zimbobo ngezinto ezixubene ne-hydrophobic ezingangeni manzi, naphezu kolunye ungqimba lwepulasitiki noma ungqimba olumnyama njengesithiyo esengeziwe. Ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha le nkinga. Uma kwenzeka konke kwenziwa, kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokusingatha inkinga.
Umjovo we-resin yokuvimbela amanzi
Ezindongeni nasezindongeni ezinezinkinga zomswakama ngenxa yomsebenzi omncane we-capillarity, kunengqondo ukuqedela ukwelashwa kosizo nge-silicone noma i-pitch yokuvimbela amanzi, ukugwema ukukhuphuka komswakama ngokusebenzisa izinkomishi zezindonga.
Ngenxa yezindleko zayo ezinkulu, le nqubo inqunyelwe ukuthi yenziwe ezindongeni eziqinile noma ezindongeni, okungukuthi, azenziwe ngamabhulokhi angenalutho noma izinto zokuqhathanisa ngoba zizodinga izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ze-resin ukuze zigcwaliswe.
Lokhu kuqedwa ngokugcwalisa izimbobo ezizokwenziwa ohlangothini olulodwa lodonga, kusibonelo se-criss-cross. Uhlelo lokugcwalisa luthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi kufanele lwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe luthembela ukuthi i-silicone izongena ezimbotsheni zodonga. Uma ihlangana nomswakama, iyoma bese yenza ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvimbela ingxenye yomswakama. Leli su linamandla futhi uma lenziwe ngokunembile.
I-electroosmosis engenantambo
Le nqubo ngokuvamile ayidingi izinguquko ezidlulele noma ezibalulekile. I-electroosmosis yesilawuli kude indawo yedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ehlotshaniswa neyunithi yomndeni, uma kushiwo kangcono, indawo yokukhipha. Okwenziwa yilo mshini we-elekthronikhi ukuxoxisana nomkhawulo wezihlukanisi zendlu kanye nomhlabathi usebenzisa amagagasi alawulwa ukuphindaphinda.
Ngalokhu, okutholakalayo ukulungiswa maqondana nomswakama ezindongeni, ngamanye amazwi, esikhundleni sokukhuphuka, umswakama uwela phansi ngokuqhubekayo, okuthinta ukomiswa okuguquguqukayo kwezindonga. Lelisu linamandla, nakuba lisebenza nasezinkingeni zokuswakama komhlabathi.
I-electroosmosis engenantambo
Amagagasi aqinile aphindelelayo awanawo umthelela empilweni futhi alula njengoba ekhanya ngendlela emangalisayo ukuwasebenzisa. Lelisu linamandla, nakuba lisebenza nasezinkingeni zokuswakama komhlabathi. Amagagasi aqinile aphindelelayo awanawo umthelela empilweni futhi alula njengoba ekhanya ngendlela emangalisayo ukuwasebenzisa.
Ngokusobala, into ephelele ukuhlala kusukela ekuqaleni, ngemisebenzi yokuvikela yesikhathi eside kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa noma amasu okuphazamisa udaka endaweni engaphansi kanye nokusebenzisa ukugcwaliswa kokulingana nongqimba lwengxube namanzi. oxoshayo.
Nakuba, uma lokhu kungaphezu kwendawo yokucabanga njengoba indlu noma igumbi ngemuva kwalokho likhona, asikho isizathu esicindezelayo sokugcizelela ukuthi, ngezinketho ezishiwo ngenhla, ungayilungisa inkinga.
Esinye isizathu sezindonga eziswakeme kungaba ukwakheka kokujiya.Kunamacebiso ambalwa okufanele uwahlanganise uma kwenzeka udinga ukuqhela kulokhu kanye nezinye izinkinga ezikhona zokuswakama.
umswakama wenhlabathi
Umswakama ophansi ungaphazamisa kancane kunomswakama ophahleni nasezindongeni, nakuba akuyona inkinga enkulu ukuphatha. Umswakama emhlabeni uvela ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele emvelweni, okungukuthi, umswakama ngenxa ye-condensation, ngakho-ke phansi akufanelekile ukomiswa.
Ukweluka umswakama omncane nakho kuwubunzima obungathonya phansi, njengoba izinto ezisetshenziselwa i-subfloor (ukhonkolo usetshenziselwa ukwakha ukhonkolo) zinezimbotshana lapho umswakama ukhuphuka khona phansi.
Le nkinga ingase ibonakale kakhulu ezifundeni eziseduze nemifudlana eguqukayo noma imigudu yamanzi. Ukungathathi hlangothi le nkinga futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugcina intuthuko ekwakhiweni okulungile kwendlu kufaneleka kakhulu, nakuba kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhulelwa uma indlu isanda kwakhiwa, ngakho-ke inkinga kufanele ixazululwe ngemva kokuvela.
Eqinisweni, mhlawumbe izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokusingatha le nkinga kungaba ukuthenga i-dehumidifier. Lokhu kunamandla kakhulu ekwehliseni ukugwedla komhlabathi futhi, ngale migqa, kuvumela iphansi ukuba lome kushiye umswakama ebumnyameni.
Ama-Dehumidifiers angagcina izinga lomswakama endlini ezindaweni eziqinile, phakathi kuka-40% no-60%. Ngala mazinga, izinkinga zokwakha umswakama akufanele zidalwe, okwenza kube indlela ephumelelayo, elula futhi esheshayo yokuqeda izinkinga zomswakama ngenxa yokufingqa kanye nokusondelana okucatshangwayo kokukhula kwesikhunta nokukhunta.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayidingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokusungulwa futhi ifinyelela izimo ezivumayo ngezindlela ezehlukene, isibonelo, izimfuneko zokungena komoya kancane emakamelweni, izimali zokutshala imali ekushisiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi, izimo ezinokushisa okumangalisayo okuqhubekayo ehlobo, kanye nezikhathi zokuminyanisa. Ziyakwazi ukuphatheka ziqala ngesimo esisodwa bese ziya kwesilandelayo futhi ziyakwazi ukuhleleka ngempumelelo.
Olunye uhlelo olungacatshangwa (yize luzodinga umsebenzi owengeziwe), indawo ephansi yokukhukhuleka. Njengoba umswakamo odalwa yi-buildup ngokuvamile unamathela ezindaweni ezipholile, idekhi ye-drift ingaba enye indlela enhle ngaleyo ndlela.
Izitezi ezikhukhulekayo (ezintantayo) zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kabusha kwalolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi emicimbini lapho ukuphakamisa phansi kungeyona enye indlela.
Enye yezinto ezithakaselayo kakhulu ukuthi awenzelwe zonke izinhloso nezinjongo azinamathele phansi njengoba enziwe ngezinto ezifudumalayo ngokuvamile futhi anesandiso esigqagqene esihlala phakathi kwephansi nezinto zaphansi ezishelelayo, okuyizinto ezishibilikayo. idala uhlobo lokuvikela olungalodwa.
Ezweni eliphelele, uma kwenzeka usanda kuqala ukuhlela ukwakhiwa kwendlu, yini okufanele ithulwe ukuze igcine kude nomswakama womhlabathi ungqimba lwe-polyethylene, phakathi komhlaba nesisekelo esivikela phakathi indlu nenhlabathi.
Ngokufanayo, leli qhinga liphinde livikele izindonga kumswakama omncane obangelwa i-capillarity. Kuyindlela yokukhula elula futhi engabizi, okuyenza ibe isu elinamandla lokulwa nokuvala umswakama.
Amathiphu okugwema umswakama ojwayelekile ekhaya
Njengoba kushiwo kuso sonke isihloko, umswakama ekhaya awugcini nje ngokukhomba izinkinga zokunambitheka okuhle ngaphakathi kwekhaya, ukulimaza isakhiwo noma ifenisha, kodwa futhi kungaba nomthelela enhlalakahleni yamalungu ekhaya. njengoba ezahlukene Izinhlobo Zomthelela Wezemvelo.
Esinye sezizathu zezinkinga zomswakama ongaphakathi endlini ukungavikeleki kahle kokushisa. Lokhu futhi kwandisa izindleko zokushisisa ikhaya, ngakho-ke kuyiphuzu okufanele ukhumbule ukuklama kusuka phansi nokugcina imikhuba yentuthuko ezosebenza kahle futhi isekelwe esikhathini eside.
Nakuba lapho ikhaya noma indawo yasendlini seyakhiwe kusukela manje, kufanele igcinwe kude nomswakama kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubiza malini. Ngalokhu kubalulekile ukugcina imikhuba ethile noma izindlela ezisiza ukugwema ukudala izinkinga zomswakama endlini:
Gcina umoya owanele ngokuvula amafasitela njalo amahora ambalwa futhi ugcine umoya ugeleza endlini. Yenza lokhu ngezinsuku zomswakama ophansi okungukuthi indawo lapho isimo sezulu sivuma khona ezindaweni ezinomswakama lokhu kuzoba nomthelela kuphela ekubekeni isimo sangaphakathi esinomswakama ophakeme kakhulu.
Beka izingubo ngaphandle kwendlu noma ube neshalofu. Ukomisa izingubo ngaphakathi kwendlu kusiza ukwandisa izinga lomswakama endaweni. Kulo mugqa, izingubo kufanele zomiswe ngaphandle kwendlu, noma zihlukanise isikhala sezingubo ezinomoya omkhulu ngenxa yaleso sizathu.
Faka i-air fan noma ukhiphe umoya endlini yokugezela, lapho ugeza, kudalwa umswakama omningi ophela ezindaweni zendlu. Ngakho-ke, ukubeka i-extractor fan noma ukufaka umoya kahle endlini yokugezela ngesikhathi sokugeza kubalulekile ukuze unganqwabelani yonke indlu enomswakama.
Ngesikhathi kuphekwa, umswakama ukhiqizwa ngokushisa noma amanzi abilayo. Kufanele ujwayele ukusebenzisa i-extractor fan yasekhishini noma amabhodwe okumboza namakamelo. Njalo ngezikhathi ezithile uzama ukumboza udonga oluthile olugugile ngento yasendlini.
Lokhu kudideka okungathi sína, ngoba uma kwenzeka ukugqokwa kwalolo donga kungenxa yomswakama, ngaleso sikhathi umoya we-ventilation ukhishwa kuleyo ndawo, ngakho-ke ubunzima buyoba bukhulu kakhulu, ngokuqhubekayo ukuphula isakhiwo kanye Ngisho nefenisha.
Umqondo wokuhambisa ifenisha kude kancane odongeni nawo unqunyiwe, njengoba izikhala lapho umoya ungazungezi zivame ukonakala, zimanzi futhi zikhiqize ukhunta nokunqwabelana. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi indlu inezinkinga zokunamathela okumanzi emakamelweni, ungacabangela ukusetshenziswa kwe-dehumidifier.
Zama ukuthi ungabambi izitshalo ngaphakathi kwendlu, nakuba kungabonakali kulo mugqa, noma kungacatshangwa, lokhu kuyiqiniso. Inani elikhulu lezitshalo lengeza ekusabalaleni komswakama emhlabeni.
Zihlangene, ngakho-ke zingabekwa ezindaweni ezahlukene ekhaya, naphezu kokuba nezinketho ezihlukile ezihlelekayo zezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, okubenza babe inketho enhle kakhulu yokunciphisa umswakama endaweni lapho kufanele khona.
Ngalezi zinqubo namathiphu, uzokwazi ukufaka isandla ukuze indlu ingathonywa umswakama. Ngokusobala, ngezinga elikhulu kungase kube nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezinikeza indlela yomswakama, isibonelo, ukuvikelwa kokushisa okungalungile, izinkinga zokwakha noma izinkinga ngezinhlelo zamanzi namapayipi.
Ngeke sikwazi ukubhekana nalokhu ngalezi zinqubo, njengoba lokhu kuzodinga izinyathelo ezihlukene. Ngendlela efanayo, ngale misebenzi unganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukunamathela okuzungezile ekhaya futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugcine ibanga lamasu kusuka ezinkingeni zomswakama, ubuthakathaka, izinkinga zezokwelapha ngisho nokonga kwezomnotho ekushiseni.
Inzwa yokuswakama
Umswakamo ungalinganiselwa ngezinzwa eziyizindlela zokulinganisa umswakama, phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kugqamayo:
I-hygrometer: Lokho kuvumela ukunquma izinga lokuswakama komoya noma lamagesi ahlukahlukene. Kwi-meteorology, ikala umswakama osemoyeni ngendlela enembe kakhulu.
I-psychometer: Ikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule ukukalwa kwesitimu okufanele sengezwe emoyeni omanzi ukuze usicwilise, okungukuthi, sisho ngokusobala umswakama lapho usikala.
Amafu
I-Las Amafu akhiwe ngamaconsi amanzi kanye nezinhlayiya ezahlukene ezilengiswe ngokuphawulekayo nxazonke. Lawa maconsi asuka ekuqoqweni komhwamuko wamanzi. Uma kwenzeka kuba namafu esibhakabhakeni, umoya omusha uphole ngokwanele ukuba ube muncu futhi uqale ukunqwabelana.
Esimeni sokuthi awekho amafu, akusho ukuthi akukho ukunamathela: umoya uhlala uqukethe omunye umhwamuko wamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi awuqukethe okwanele ukuhlanganisa.
Ukubaluleka komswakama ku-meteorology
Umswakamo uwukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu okuphawulekayo njengoba umhwamuko uhlala ukhona emoyeni wethu. Kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushisa lomoya owuphefumulayo, ngokuvamile uba nomunye walowo mhwamuko wamanzi owuthola endaweni ezungezile.
Yingakho sikujwayele kakhulu ukubona umswakama, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezibanda kakhulu zasebusika, okuyinkathi yemvula kakhulu. Amanzi angenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zemvelo futhi angatholakala esifundeni ngasinye kwezintathu (amagesi, uketshezi, kanye namandla).
