Sikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngomlando nokubaluleka UNkulunkulu Ares, omunye wonkulunkulu abamelela kakhulu izinganekwane zamaGreki. Wayeyindodana kaZeus noHera futhi waziwa ngezimfanelo zakhe ezinkulu, ngaphezu kokuba nabathandi abaningi.
Nkulunkulu Ares
Kulokhu sizobe sifunda okwengeziwe ngomlando womunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, u-God Ares, ochazwa abaningi njengonkulunkulu wempi wama-Olympia. Ngokomlando, lo nkulunkulu wayeyindodana kaZeus noHera futhi ngokusho kwezingoma zaseHomeric ezitholakalayo, kukholakala ukuthi wayenezinye izimfanelo eziningi kanye nama-epithets.
I-God Ares ihlobene nezimfanelo ezithakazelisayo ezifana nesibindi, amandla angakhathali, kanye nokuba yinkosi yobudoda besilisa, umvikeli we-Olympian namabutho, umholi wabahlubuki, amadoda ndawonye kanye nomsizi wababuthakathaka. Ngamafuphi, wayengunkulunkulu onezimfanelo ezinkulu ezimsekelayo.
Unkulunkulu wempi wama-Olympian, njengoba kwaziwa kanjalo i-God Ares, wayenezinye izici ezihlobene nempi. Limele ubuqhawe, ubuqhawe nobudlova bezimpi. Ukuba unkulunkulu wobudoda besilisa, kuyo yonke inganekwane kuye kwaba nabathandi besifazane abangenakubalwa okuthiwa kuye, cishe amashumi amathathu.
Cishe izingane ezingama-60 zavela kulobu budlelwano, phakathi kwazo okufanele ukubalula ezinye ezinjengo-Eros, Harmonia, Phobos, Deimos kanye nama-Amazonas. Omunye wabathandi bakhe abathandayo nabadumile ngokungangabazeki kwakungu-Aphrodite, owayebhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi wothando nobuhle. U-Aphrodite wayengumthandi okhethwayo we-God Ares, futhi engumelaphi wakhe kanye nomngane wakhe wezempi. Ukulingana kwakhe kwamaRoma yi-Mars.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi u-Ares uchazwa njengonkulunkulu wempi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izikhathi ezinqoba izimpi. Waze walinyazwa izikhathi ezahlukene phakathi kwezingxabano. Ngesinye isikhathi walinyazwa ekulweni kwakhe nonkulunkulu uHeracles. Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho engqubuzana nodadewabo u-Athena, naye ongunkulunkulu oyiqhawe, usanta oyinhloko wamasu nokuhlakanipha.
Ngokomlando kaNkulunkulu u-Ares, lo mmeleli wezinganekwane wayeyozalwa futhi akhulele esifundeni samaqaba namaThracian, asenyakatho yeHellas. Wahlala kuleyo ndawo iminyaka eminingana, kwaze kwadingeka ukuba abaleke lapho etholakala enobuhlobo bobulili no-Aphrodite, owayengathembekile kumyeni wakhe uHephaestus izikhathi eziningana.
I-God Ares yayibambe iqhaza ngokuqondile kulokho okubizwa nge-Trojan War. Waboleka amabutho akhe ohlangothini olulodwa wabe esesekela olunye uhlangothi, ngaleyo ndlela ezama ukuvuza isibindi sazo zombili izinhlangothi. Naphezu kokuba omunye wonkulunkulu ababemmele kakhulu futhi enezimfanelo ezinkulu ezivuna yena, wayezondwa nabanye onkulunkulu abaningi.
Imiphumela ebangelwa yizifo eziwumshayabhuqe nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe yayiwubufakazi bamandla okubhubhisa unkulunkulu uAres ayenawo. Yayimele ingxenye yemvelo yakhe kuphela, enobudlova nesanguine. Leso simo sengqondo samholela ekubeni alahlwe futhi azondwe abanye onkulunkulu abaningi, kuhlanganise nabazali bakhe.
Igama elithi "Ares" laliphinde libe yisichasiso kanye nesisho ezikhathini zasendulo ukubhekisela kwabanye onkulunkulu lapho bethula indlela yeqhawe, ubudlova noma ubudlova: izihloko ezithi Zeus Areios, Athena Areia kanye ne-Aphrodite Areia zazivamile,8 futhi zisebenza ku-Apollo, i-Iliad inonya futhi inonya ukwedlula uAres ngokwakhe.”
Ihlelo
Uma kwakukhona isici esasiqokonyiswa emfanekisweni kankulunkulu u-Ares, kwakuwukuzinikela nokukhulekela ababekukhokhela ezifundeni nasezifundeni eziningi. Kunenkolelo yokuthi ihlelo likankulunkulu u-Ares lasabalala kancane kancane laze lathatha izindawo ezinkulu futhi laba elinye lamahlelo abaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni emlandweni.
Inkolo kankulunkulu u-Ares yasuka esifundeni sase-Aria, esimaphakathi ne-Asia, yaya eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ezinkondlweni yayinethonya elikhulu, okwayiholela ekubeni isikhungo sokukhulekela eGreece yasendulo, ikakhulukazi amasosha namalungu ebutho ayemasha eya empini, ikakhulukazi eSparta naseMakedoniya, lapho kuvela khona omunye wabakhulekeli bayo. , u-Alexander Omkhulu.
Ngokweminye imibhalo yomlando eyanikelwa izazi-mlando ezinkulu zamaGreki zesiqu sikaCallisthenes noPlutarch, uMagnus wayejwayele ukukhulekela unkulunkulu uAres ngaphambi kokuba ahlanganyele ezimpini ezihlukahlukene angenela kuzo. UMagno wenza uchungechunge lwemikhuba yokuphakamisa izimfanelo ezinhle zika-Ares. Le mikhuba yayihlanganisa iminikelo yokuphuzwa, nemihlatshelo ye-Orphic neyezilwane.
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeGrisi, unkulunkulu u-Ares naye wayekhulekelwa ngentshiseko enkulu. Kwaze kwacatshangwa ukuthi inkolo yalo nkulunkulu endaweni eshiwo yasungulwa eThrace, kanye neScythia futhi kwakungenye yezindawo lapho u-Ares athola khona ukukhonzwa okukhulu. EScythia kwakukhulekelwa ngendlela yenkemba, okwakunikelwa ngayo ngezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezinjengamahhashi nezinkomo, ngisho nezigqila ngezinye izikhathi zazinikelwa.
Umfanekiso kankulunkulu u-Ares ubaluleke kakhulu futhi umelela amadolobha amaningi aseGreece njengeThebes. Lo nkulunkulu uvela enganekwaneni yokusungulwa kwedolobha, nakwezinye izinganekwane. Ubuye abonakale njengomsunguli wama-Amazons, lapho ayene-altare ama-Amazons ayelinikezela kunkulunkulu esiqhingini esisoLwandle Olumnyama, lapho ayegcina khona izimpaphe zezinyoni zabo ezingcwele.
Kwakukhona nokuqagela mayelana nokuba khona komfanekiso kankulunkulu u-Ares eSparta. Isithombe sikankulunkulu sasiboshwe ngamaketanga, njengophawu lokuthi umoya weqhawe nokunqoba akusoze kwabashiya abantu ababehlala kulowo muzi. E-Sparta, babevame ukukhulekela u-Ares ngemihlatshelo yezilwane, ikakhulukazi imidlwane yezinja ezimnyama.
"Enganekwaneni yama-Argonauts kwakukholelwa ukuthi e-Colchis, i-Golden Fleece yalengiswa esihlahleni se-oki esihlahleni esingcwele sase-Ares.14 Kusukela lapho kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-Dioscuri yaletha eLaconia isithombe sasendulo sase-Ares esasigcinwe. ethempelini lika-Ares Thareitas, endleleni esuka eSparta eya eTerapnas.”
Iziqhingi eziningi zangcweliswa emfanekisweni kankulunkulu u-Ares, isibonelo isiqhingi esasiseduze nogu lwaseColchis. Kuleyo ndawo kwakunenkolelo yokuthi kuhlala lezi zinyoni okuthiwa yi-Stymphalian. Lesi siqhingi saqanjwa ngokuthi i-Ares Island ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaGreki.
Enye indlela yokukhulekela unkulunkulu uAres kwakuyizakhiwo. Esinye sezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibonakalayo ezidalwe ukuhlonipha lo nkulunkulu wamaGreki kwakuyilokho okubizwa ngokuthi iThempeli lase-Ares, elabonwa isazi-mlando uPausanias ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka e-Agora yase-Athene, isikhungo sokuphatha, senkolo namasiko.
Leli thempeli lalinikezelwe kunkulunkulu u-Ares ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Augustus. Ngokuyisisekelo yayihlanganisa ithempeli laseMars, elalimelela i-Ares yamaRoma. Isazi-mlando esidumile uPausanias siyaqinisekisa ukuthi kulelo thempeli kwakukhona umfanekiso ka-Ares okubonakala sengathi wadalwa u-Alcámenes. Kwenye indawo lapho kwakukhulekelwa khona u-Ares, kwakusendaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Hill of Ares.
Kuleyo ndawo uMphostoli uPawulu wakhipha amazwi akhe. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Areyophagu futhi iqhelelene ne-Acropolis, futhi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwavivinywa lapho. Endaweni yemivubukulo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Olympia kwakukhona ne-altare lapho kwakukhulekelwa khona unkulunkulu u-Ares.
Kodwa ukukhulekelwa kwalo nkulunkulu akugcini lapho. Unkulunkulu u-Ares naye wayekhulekelwa eduze kwaseTegea, lapho ayaziwa khona ngokuthi u-Ares Afneus, ekhulekelwa ngisho nasedolobheni laseTegea ngokwalo, lapho abantu abaningi babekhothamela khona unkulunkulu ekukhulekeleni. Eduze kwedolobha laseTegea kwakukhona umthombo owawungcweliselwe i-Ares.
Wakhulekelwa nasedolobheni lasendulo lamaGreki iGerontras. Kuleyo ndawo bekunebhilidi lapho bekunosiko lokubungaza umgubho minyaka yonke abesifazane abangakwazi ukufinyelela kuwo. Ngokufanayo, kwakukhulekelwa unkulunkulu waseGibhithe okuthiwa u-Ares.
Inkolo kankulunkulu u-Ares yayibanzi futhi imele kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kwakunezithombe ezimbalwa noma amabhasi kankulunkulu uAres akwazi ukusinda emiphumeleni yezimpi ezenzeka kamuva. Izikhumbuzo ezimbalwa ezibhekisela kunkulunkulu nazo zisasebenza.
Imifanekiso embalwa yobuciko noma amatshe esikhumbuzo kankulunkulu u-Ares akwazile ukusinda kwakuyizinto zemivubukulo ezavubukulwa phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi ngenxa yokuhleleka kwababusi bamaRoma ekhulwini lesine AD. C ukwenza onkulunkulu bamaGreki nezinye izivumokholo zinyamalale ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kuye kwatholakala okusha okuhlobene nabanye onkulunkulu, kuhlanganise nezithombe ezintsha zikankulunkulu u-Ares. Phakathi kokutholakele kugqama amabhasi, izithombe, izinhlamvu zemali, ama-reliefs namatshe ayigugu. Eziningi zalezi zincwadi ezitholakele zingamakhophi emibhalo yokuqala yomqophi wase-Athene u-Alcámenes.
Izimpawu nokubukeka
Ezimweni eziningi unkulunkulu uAres uchazwa njengensizwa, eyayinendlela ethile yokugqoka izinwele zayo. Izinwele ze-anastale ezaziwa kakhulu zenziwe, zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda eGrisi lasendulo. Futhi kwakuyisitayela sezinwele esijwayelekile samaqhawe amaGreki. Unkulunkulu u-Ares wamukela lesi siko futhi ngokuvamile wayegqoka izinwele zakhe ngendlela efanayo.
Kukhona nezinye izici ezingokomzimba zokubukeka kukankulunkulu u-Ares okufanele ziphawulwe, isibonelo ubuso nomzimba wakhe ongenazinwele. Unkulunkulu wamaGreki wayenezimpawu eziningi ezazimchaza futhi ezimehlukanisa nabo bonke abanye onkulunkulu bangaleso sikhathi, isibonelo, inqola nethoshi elikhanyisiwe elalihlala limphelezela kuzo zonke izindawo ayevame ukuya kuzo.
Ngokwalokho umlando okubonisayo, u-Ares wayevame ukugibela inqola, ephelezelwa amahhashi amane anamandla ayekwazi ukuxosha umlilo. Kwakukhona izici eziningi ezenza unkulunkulu uAres ahluke kwabanye onkulunkulu bamaGreki bangaleso sikhathi. Esinye sezici ezimele kakhulu ze-Ares kwakuyizikhali zakhe zethusi, ngaphezu kwenkemba yakhe yesici. Zonke lezo zinto zaziyingxenye yokubukeka kukankulunkulu uAres.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusho ezinye zezimpawu zezilwane ezingcwele ezaziyingxenye kankulunkulu u-Ares. Izinyoni ezingcwele zalo nkulunkulu yizo ezibizwa ngokuthi iziqophamithi futhi ikakhulukazi amanqe. Emsebenzini odumile we-Argonautics, kukhulunywa ngokukhethekile ngezinyoni ezingcwele zase-Ares.
Kulowo mbhalo kuqinisekiswa ukuthi izinyoni zase-Aires zaziyiqembu lezinyoni ezazinamandla okudubula imicibisholo ngezimpaphe zazo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zihlasele amabutho ezitha. Kodwa izinyoni kwakungezona kuphela izilwane ezaziyingxenye yomfanekiso kankulunkulu uAres. Kwakukhona nenja, echazwa njengesilwane asithanda kakhulu. Unkulunkulu u-Ares uhlotshaniswa nezimpondo ezimbili ngenganekwane yoboya begolide, inqama yoboya begolide.
Izihloko nama-epithets
Kuwo wonke umlando kwakuneziqu eziningi nezibongo ezatholwa unkulunkulu uAres ukuze zibonakale. Esinye seziqephu ezivame kakhulu zika-Ares kwakungesika-Enialio, ongakhonjwa njengeqhawe eliyiqhawe. Le epithet yayivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-ephebes ase-Athene, okwakungabantu abasha abangena enkonzweni yezempi, kanye nokuba uhlobo lwehlelo lobuqhawe phakathi nesifungo sabo.
Kodwa u-Enialio kwakuyigama elanikezwa enye yamadodana unkulunkulu uAres ayenayo nonkulunkulukazi u-Enio. Ngezikhathi zakudala u-Enialius wayesekhonjwe njengeqhawe. Kodwa lokho kwakungeyona yodwa i-epithet evamile ye-Ares. Kukhona nezinye ezifana:
- I-Brotoloigos (Βροτολοιγός, 'umbhubhisi wamadoda');
- I-Aphrodisiacs (Αφροδισιακος, 'enchanted by Aphrodite')
- I-Androphonte (Ανδρειφοντης, 'umbulali wamadoda');
- I-Miaiphonos (Μιαιφόνος, 'izwi labantu');
- I-Enyálios (Ἐνυάλιος 'warrior hero')
- I-Teikhesiplêtês (Τειχεσιπλεικτης, 'wall-raider');
- Maleros (Μαλιωρας, 'umthakathi, umshaman');
- Teritas (Θηρίτας, 'pacified'), ngoTero, umzanyana wakhe nomelaphi
Izinganekwane
Ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane zamaGreki, unkulunkulu u-Ares ungomunye wabameleli ababaluleke kakhulu nabanamandla. Igama lakhe lalihileleke nezinhlamvu eziningi zesiGreki esizozama ukuzibuyekeza kule ngxenye yesihloko sethu. Igama lakhe livela ezincwadini eziningi nasemibhalweni yomlando, lapho aqashelwa khona njengomunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu emlandweni.
Aphrodite
Unkulunkulu u-Ares wayehileleke nabanye abalingiswa abaningi ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki. Omunye walabo balingisi kwakungu-Aphrodite, ochazwa njengonkulunkulukazi wezinkanuko nothando. Endabeni eyaculwa imbongi uDemodocus, kuboniswa ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi unkulunkulu welanga u-Helios wamangaza u-Ares eba nobuhlobo bobulili obuyimfihlo nonkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, owayeshadile ngaleso sikhathi.
Bobabili benza uthando ngasese emakamelweni omyeni ka-Aphrodite, uHephaestus, unkulunkulu womlilo oyisiqhwala nozingela. Unkulunkulu welanga u-Helios, ngemva kokuthola ukuthi u-Aphrodite wayengathembekile kumyeni wakhe, akazange angabaze futhi wagijima ukuze axwayise uHephaestus ngakho konke okwakwenzeka nomkakhe.
Njengoba kwakulindelekile, uHephaestus, unkulunkulu womlilo, wathukuthela lapho ezwa izindaba zokungathembeki komkakhe futhi waqala ukuhlela isu lokuziphindiselela kunkulunkulu u-Ares nomkakhe. Wenza inetha elingabonakali, kodwa elinamandla futhi limelana kangangokuthi akekho umuntu noma unkulunkulu owayengaliphula, elalingavimbezela noma ubani ukuze abambe umbhangqwana.
U-Hephaestus uqhubekile nokufaka inetha embhedeni lapho u-Ares no-Aphrodite babevame ukuhlangana khona ngokocansi. Unkulunkulu womlilo waphuma endlini yakhe futhi uzobuya ngakusasa ekuphumeni kwelanga. U-Ares, egwema ukutholwa, wafaka unogada wakhe u-Alectrion emnyango wangaphambili wendlu ukuze amazise lapho ilanga liphuma (Helios).
Nokho le nsizwa ayizange iwenze umsebenzi wayo wokugada indawo, kunalokho, ubuthongo bamenza wazumeka, kwathi ngokuqala ukubona ilanga inetha lawela phezu kwezithandani. Yile ndlela uHephaestus akwazi ngayo ukubamba umbhangqwana phakathi nesenzo socansi, ebashiya bengakwazi ukuhamba.
Unkulunkulu womlilo, uHephaestus, akabange esaba nokungabaza ngokungathembeki komkakhe futhi waqhubeka nokuxhumana nabanye onkulunkulu ukuze babone ukuphinga okwenzeka. Onkulunkulu balalela ubizo lukaHephaestus, nokho onkulunkulukazi bakhetha ukungayi ngenxa yesizotha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, onkulunkulu, esikhundleni sokuthukuthela ngokungathembeki, abakwenza kwakuwukudumisa ubuhle obungokomzimba bukankulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, nokuthi babeyoyishintsha ngenjabulo indawo ka-Ares, behlekisa ngoHephaestus. Lapho lo mbhangqwana okhohlisayo ukhululiwe, u-Aphrodite wabalekela ePafo, isiqhingi sakubo saseKhupro. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unkulunkulu uAres wacasha endaweni yakubo yaseThrace.
Unkulunkulu uAres wayengakukholwanga konke okwakwenzeka ngenxa yomlindi wakhe ayemethemba u-Alectrion, owayelele futhi ngenxa yakhe bamthola elele nomkaHephaestus. Ethukuthele egane unwabu unogada, akazange acabange kabili wabe eseshintsha u-Alectrion waba iqhude elingasoze lakhohlwa ukumemezela ukufika kwelanga ekuseni.
Ngemva kokubanjwa embhedeni, u-Aphrodite nonkulunkulu u-Ares bathembise ukuthi ngeke bahlangane ngokuseduze, nokho bobabili abazange bamelane nezifiso zabo zenyama futhi baphule leso sivumelwano. Bake baba nokuhlangana okuningana ngokuphindaphindiwe, njalo ngasese.
Le ndaba ethokozisayo yothando, ukungathembeki nokuziphindiselela yayimelelwe emidwebweni eqoshiwe nemidwebo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seRenaissance. Ngenxa yothando lwabo babe nezingane okungenani eziyisishiyagalombili, kuhlanganise noCupid (Eros).
Ares eboshiwe
Enganekwaneni elandiswa kuyi- Iliad unkulunkulukazi uDione eya ku-Aphrodite, isiqephu silandisa lapho unkulunkulu uAres eboshwe ngamaketanga ama-Alóada, njengoba kwakubizwa kanjalo amawele ezinganekwane zamaGreki u-Oto no-Ephialtes. Laba bazalwane baqhubeka nokubopha u-Ares, bambophe ngamaketanga futhi bamvalela emshinini wethusi unyaka wonke.
Indaba isitshela ukuthi unkulunkulu u-Ares wagcinwa eboshiwe futhi evalelwe izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi phakathi nokuthunjwa kwakhe emshinini wethusi, akazange enze lutho ngaphandle kokuklabalasa nokuhhewula ecela usizo. Ukumemeza kwakhe kwaba nemiphumela, njengoba umfowabo uHermes emuzwa futhi wagijima ukuze amkhulule. Udadewabo ka-Ares, u-Arthemisi, wakhohlisa iziqhwaga ukuba zijikijelane ngemikhonto yazo, zibulalane zodwa.
"Lapho unkulunkulu onganeliseki wokulwa wayeyobhubha, ukube usingamama wakhe [wama-Alóadas], i-Eribea enhle, akazange ahlanganyele kuHermes".
"Kulokhu umuntu usola umkhosi wokungaziphathi kahle osuka ngenyanga yeshumi nantathu."
Impi yeTrojan
Encwadini ethi The Iliad, kubhekiselwa futhi izikhathi eziningana ekubambeni iqhaza kukankulunkulu u-Ares ezingxabanweni ezibalulekile, njengeMpi YeThrojani. UHomer ulandisa ukuthi u-Ares waqala walwela uhlangothi olulodwa wabe esesebenzisana ukuze avuze isibindi sazo zombili izinhlangothi.
U-Ares kwadingeka ukuthi angenele ezinhlangothini zombili ezibambe iqhaza eMpini yeThrojani. Wayenze isithembiso kudadewabo u-Athena nonina uHera ukuthi uzolwela ama-Achaean kanye no-Achilles, kodwa kamuva unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite no-Apollo bamqinisekisa ukuthi ajoyine uhlangothi lweParis neTrojans, lapho nabo baba nengxenye. . . Yile ndlela unkulunkulu u-Ares alwa ngayo nhlangothi zombili, ukuze angadumazi muntu.
Phakathi nengxabano, u-Diomedes wamangala lapho ebona unkulunkulu u-Ares elwa egameni leTrojan futhi waqhubeka wayala amasosha akhe ukuba ahlehle. U-Hera wabona ukungalingani kokulwa futhi wacela uZeus ukuthi angenele ukuze amsuse enkundleni yempi. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Ares wahlasela uDiomedes ngomkhonto wakhe.
U-Athena wathatha isinqumo sokushintsha inkambo yokuhlasela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uDiomedes akazange ahlale phansi futhi wanikeza impendulo yakhe kulokhu kuhlasela. U-Athena waqondisa igalelo ukuze ahlasele unkulunkulu u-Ares, owawa elimele. Ngemva kokulimala, ubalekela eMount Olympus lapho uyise ayehlala khona ukuze athole usizo. Ubaba ka-Ares upholisa amanxeba akhe.
"Embuka ngobumnyama, uZeus, oqoqa amafu, wakhuluma naye: -Ungahlali eduze kwami ukhononde, wena mqambimanga onobuso obubili! Kimina ungonyanye kunabo bonke onkulunkulu abasekela i-Olympus! Njalo ungumlwi, yilokho okufunayo ngenhliziyo yakho, izimpi nezimpi!...
Kodwa-ke, ngeke ngibekezelele kakhulu ukukubona usezinhlungwini, njengoba uyingane yami… Futhi kimina ngumama wakho owakubhora. Kodwa uma wazalwa omunye unkulunkulu, waphenduka incithakalo! Sekuyisikhathi eside wehliselwa ngaphansi konkulunkulu besibhakabhaka esikhanyayo!"
Isililo sika-Ares
Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi unkulunkulu u-Ares odabukisayo futhi ekhala, okungenani yilokho uHera asitshela khona kuyi- Iliad. Ulandisa ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi watshela uZeus ukuthi indodana kankulunkulu u-Ares, u-Ascalaphus, yayifile futhi lapho ezwa lezi zindaba ezimbi, wakhala izinyembezi. Wazama ukujoyina impi ohlangothini lwama-Achaeans, ngokumelene nomyalelo kaZeus wokuthi kungabikho ama-Olympians okufanele angenele empini.
U-Athena wabuyisela ubuhlobo bakhe no-Ares futhi wamsiza ukuphakamisa umoya wakhe nokususa konke ukufutheka kuye. Kamuva, lapho uZeus ekhipha umyalo wokuba onkulunkulu bangenele empini yokufa, unkulunkulu u-Ares wazama ukuziphindiselela ku-Athena, nokho wagcina elimele futhi lapho emshaya ngetshe, elivala ukuwa ngomzimba wakhe ulele kasikhombisa. ama-yugadas.
Lapho itshe lishaya unkulunkulu u-Are, wabulala u-Iliad wamthuma ukuba abuse izwe lakubo, iThrace, izwe lokuhlakanipha.
Abasizi
Ama-Allies awazange aswele empilweni kankulunkulu u-Ares. Omunye wabantu owayehlala ekhona ukuze anikeze iseluleko nosizo kwakunguThemis, unkulunkulukazi obalulekile wobulungisa nokuhleleka okufanele kwezinto. Ngaphezu kwakhe, kwakukhona nabanye abasizi abavelele, isibonelo ezimpini, uDeimos noPhobos bangabantwana bakhe ababili abane-Aphrodite kanye nemimoya yokwesaba nokwesaba, ngokulandelana. Bahamba naye nasezimpini.
Omunye umuntu owamsiza kwakungudadewabo nomngane wakhe othembekile, u-Enio, oqanjwe ngonkulunkulukazi wokuchithwa kwegazi nobudlova. Ukuba khona kuka-Ares kwalandelwa uCidoimos, umdidiyeli wezinxushunxushu zezimpi, kanye namaMacas (Izimpi), amaHismina (Izingxabano), uPolemos (umoya wempi omncane) nendodakazi yakhe, u-Alala.
U-Alala wayengumngane othembekile wokuba khona kuka-Ares. Ubhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi owenziwe samuntu wokukhala kwempi yamaGreki futhi igama lakhe lasetshenziswa u-Ares njengokukhala kwakhe kwempi. Ezingxabanweni ezabamba iqhaza, u-Ares wayehambisana nodadewabo u-Eris, egqugquzela amasosha ukuba alwe.
Omunye udadewabo owayejwayele ukumphelezela kwakunguHebe, nokho akazange amlandele ezimpini, kodwa uyena owayephethe umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukugeza unkulunkulu uAres.
"Ngokwakhiwa kwe-etymological, igama elithi phobia livela ku-Phobos. Banesikhathi esithile sokufunda ngezinkanyezi, esinikeze la magama kubantwana babo, uPhobos noDeimos, ukuze baqambe iziphuphutheki ezimbili zeplanethi iMars (lapho i-Ares yayibizwa kanjalo eRoma).”
Isisekelo seThebes
Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukubamba iqhaza kukankulunkulu u-Ares kwakuhlobene nokuba khona kwakhe emlandweni wokusungulwa kweThebes. Lonkulunkulu wamaGreki wayengumsunguli kadrako wasemanzini uCadmus owambulala, waba ukhokho wamaSparta, ngoba emazinyweni kadrako uhlanga lwamaqhawe aphuma e-Ares, abaseSparta, bahluma njengokungathi isitshalo.
Ukuze athulise unkulunkulu u-Ares, uCadmus washada noHarmonia, owayengomunye wamadodakazi u-Ares ayenawo nesithandwa sakhe u-Aphrodite. Ngaleyo ndlela ingxabano eyayikhona phakathi kwalaba ababili yaxazululeka futhi baqhubeka bathola umuzi waseThebes.
Ezinye izinganekwane
- Emqhudelwaneni kaTyphon noZeus, u-Ares waphoqeleka, kanye nabanye onkulunkulu, ukuba abalekele eGibhithe, lapho ashintsha khona abe inhlanzi.36
- U-Ares wanika u-Hippolyta ibhande elathathwa kuye kamuva nguHeracles.37
- Kwezinye izinguqulo kwathiwa lapho u-Aphrodite ethanda u-Adonis, u-Ares onomona washintsha waba ingulube futhi wabulala imbangi yakhe noma wathumela ingulube ukuba imbulale.38
- Ngokwesiko, u-Ares wabulala uHalirrotio, indodana kaPoseidon, lapho ezama ukudlwengula u-Alcipe, indodakazi yakhe no-Agraulo. U-Poseidon wafuna uZeus ukuthi u-Ares ajeziswe, lapho aquliswa khona: icala lokuqala lokubulala emlandweni. Amanye ama-Olympians avotele ukuthi kufanele akhululwe. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi senzakalo sabangela igama elithi "Areyophagu"
Omakoti kanye nenzalo
Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi unkulunkulu u-Ares wayengomunye wabalingiswa basezinganekwaneni zamaGreki ababenenzalo eningi phakathi kwama-Olympians ayishumi nambili. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayebonakala ngokuba nobudlelwano bothando obungenakubalwa nabesifazane abaningi futhi iningi labo wazala izingane.
Njengomvikeli wobudoda besilisa, unkulunkulu u-Ares wayenabathandiweyo abangaphezu kwamashumi amane kanye nezingane ezingaba ngu-60, iningi labo okungamagama angama-eponyms emadolobheni ezinganekwane. Ezinye izithandwa u-Ares ayenazo kanye nengxenye yenzalo yakhe ziqokonyiswe ngezansi.
Eno-Aphrodite wayenezingane eziyisishiyagalombili seziphelele, okuhlanganisa uPhobos, uDeimos, uHarmonia, u-Adrestia, u-Eros, u-Anteros, u-Himeros no-Pothos. Omunye wabathandi bakhe abazala naye kwakungu-Aglauro, ubuhlobo obuye baletha u-Alcippe ngenxa yalokho. Ezinye zezithandwa zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu zazilandelayo, ngaphezu kwalokho ezinye zezingane zakhe eziyinhloko zibizwa ngokuthi:
- I-Altea - i-Meleager
- I-Anchiroe-Siton
- I-Astioque - i-Ascálafo ne-Lalmeno
- I-Atalanta-Parthenopeus
- I-Caldene-Solymus
- Calliope – Migdon, Edonus, Bistón kanye Odomanto
Amahubo ku-Ares
Ngezansi kukhona izingcaphuno ezivela Emaculweni amabili ayenikezelwe kunkulunkulu uAres. Enye yazo yalotshwa enkathini yamaGreki, ekhulwini lesikhombisa ngaphambi kukaKristu, kuyilapho umbhalo wesibili uyingxenye yamaculo esiGreki asukela ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu kuya ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka ngemva kukaKristu.
I-Homeric Hymn VIII to Ares (trans. Evelyn-White) (iqhawe lesiGreki, ikhulu lesi-XNUMX BC)
“U-Ares, enamandla amakhulu, inqola, isihlangu segolide, inhliziyo yezenzo, umthwali wezihlangu, umsindisi wemizi, ehlome ngethusi, izingalo eziqinile, engakhathali, enamandla ngomkhonto. O mvikeli we-Olympus!
Ubaba oyiQhawe ka-Victory, umngane kaThemis, umbusi oqinile wabavukeli, umholi wabantu abalungile, inkosi yobuntu, ophendulela indawo yakho evuthayo phakathi kwamaplanethi ezindleleni zawo eziyisikhombisa ngokusebenzisa i-ether lapho izinqola zakho ezivuthayo zikubamba ngaphezu komkhathi wesithathu ezulwini.
Ngizwe, msizi wabantu, umnikezeli wentsha engesabi! Phonsa umsebe womusa ovela phezulu empilweni yami namandla empi, ukuze ngikwazi ukuxosha ubugwala obubabayo ekhanda lami futhi ngichoboze inkohliso yomphefumulo wami, futhi ngibambe ukufutheka okubukhali kwenhliziyo yami, okungiheha ukuba nginyathele. izindlela zokulwa ezigoqa igazi.
O ubusisiwe! Nginike isibindi sokuthobela imithetho yokuthula engenabungozi, ngigwema ukungqubuzana nenzondo kanye namademoni okufa anobudlova."
I-Orphic Hymn LXV to Ares (trans. Taylor) (Amaculo esiGreki, ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC kuya kukhulu lesi-XNUMX AD)
“Ku-Ares, mngcwelise ngempepho, nenkazimulo enkulu, engahluliwe, enomsindo, ngemicibisholo yenjabulo, nangezimpi ezichitha igazi; eyisihluku, engacushiwe, omandla akhe azamazamisa izindonga eziqinile ezisekelweni zazo: inkosi ebhubhisa abafileyo, engcoliswe yigazi. ejabuliswa ukuhlokoma kwempi okunyantisayo nokuyaluzayo.
Igazi lakho lomuntu, nezinkemba nemikhonto kuyajabulisa, kanye nencithakalo yokulwa kohlanya nokunonya. Thukuthela futhi uphindisele, ozenzo zakho zisebenza kanzima empilweni yomuntu ebuhlungu kakhulu; kuKyrpis othandekayo [u-Aphrodite noLyaios [uDionysius] bayawuyeka, ngokuhwebelana ngezikhali, umsebenzi wamasimu; bakhuthaza ukuthula, ukusebenza kanzima, futhi banikeze inala, ngezingqondo ezithobekile.”
Ares kuRenaissance
Unkulunkulu u-Ares wayeyingxenye ebalulekile yenkathi eyaziwa ngokuthi iRenaissance. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimpawu zalo nkulunkulu ziwumkhonto nesigqoko sokuzivikela, isilwane sakhe inja kanti inyoni ayithandayo inqe. Ubonakala nasezincwadini eziningi zangaleso sikhathi, lapho evezwa khona njengendoda enobudlova negazi.
inkolo namuhla
Naphezu kwesikhathi esidlulile, namuhla inkolo kankulunkulu u-Ares iyaqhubeka nokuba khona ezindaweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngemikhakha ethile ye-Hellenism. Kuyinhlangano yenkolo kuphela enomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhulekela onkulunkulu namasiko ahlukahlukene ayengamavulandlela eGreece Yasendulo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ares no-Aphrodite kwezobuciko
Kule ngxenye yesihloko sethu sizokwabelana ngezithombe zobuciko zikankulunkulu u-Ares nesithandwa sakhe u-Aphrodite. Eminingi yale misebenzi yobuciko yayidumile futhi eminye isagcinwe kuze kube manje.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo ezihlokweni ezilandelayo: