Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu nezizingelwa kakhulu emhlabeni ngamahlengethwa, kulesi senzakalo sizokhuluma ngalezi zilwane zasolwandle, izici zazo, kancane mayelana ne-echolocation, ukuthi zizala kanjani, ngasiphi isikhathi ezithanda ukwenza kanjalo, ukuthi amahlengethwa anjani. abazalwa nakho konke okuhlobene nokuzalwa kwabo, lokho abakudlayo futhi ekugcineni uzofunda ezinye ilukuluku mayelana nalezi zilwane ezinhle, ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ezisebenzisanayo.
Ayini amaDolphin?
I-Delphinidae yiyona dolphin igama lesayensi ebizwa nangokuthi i-oceanic dolphin, ethathwa njenge-odontocete cetaceans. I-infraorder ye-cetaceans ihlanganisa zonke lezo zilwane ezincelisayo ezinama-placentas ezihlala olwandle, wonke lo mndeni unemizimba emise okwe-spindle evumela ukuthi ibe ne-hydrodynamic kunezinye izinhlanzi.
Ngokulandelayo, ama-cetaceans ayingxenye ye-oda I-Artiodactyla, i-suborder whippormopha kanye nesigaba samahlengethwa i-mammalia. Ngokuqondene nokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba "zama-odontocetes", lokhu kuvela ku-parvorder engaphakathi kwe-cetaceans ekhomba lawo anamazinyo esikhundleni se-baleen.
Kungenzeka ukuzibona ogwini futhi kulezo zindawo lapho zivame ukubonakala khona kukhona ukuxhumana nabantu, ubudlelwano babo nabantu busondelene impela. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi amahlengethwa akhona ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni, njenge Izinganekwane zamaGrikhi lapho kwaboniswa khona ukuthi lezi zilwane ngaphambili zazingamadoda futhi zaguqulwa zaba amahlengethwa nguDionysus.
Lezi zilwane zasolwandle zisebenzisa imisindo ukuxhumana nabanye, kanye nokudansa nokugxuma ngezinjongo ezifanayo kanye nokuzulazula noma ukuzingela. Okuthile okubalulekile ngamahlengethwa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ukuthi azisebenzisayo i-echolocation ukuxhumana nokuthola.
I-Echolocation yindlela amahlengethwa angafunda ngayo ngendawo akuyo nezindawo ezikude kakhulu nawo ngemisindo ayikhiphayo ngaleli khono. Babuye bahumushe i-echo ekhiqizwa yizinto ezizungezile.
Amahlengethwa nemikhomo kutholwe ukuthi akwazi ukusebenzisa i-echolocation ngemuva kokuthi amalulwane etholwe enza lokho ngokwenza imisindo nokwamukela ama-echo. Empeleni, lokhu ukukhishwa komsindo obhampa entweni bese ukhiqiza i-echo efinyelela emthonjeni ophuma kuwo umsindo wokuqala (ihlengethwa, ilulwane, umkhomo, njll.)
Noma kunjalo, le-echo ayifinyeleli zonke izilwane ngamandla afanayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo noma nge-frequency efanayo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunezinto ezihlukahlukene ezizungezile futhi ezishaya umsindo ophumayo. Umehluko we-echo ubonakala ngoba izilwane ezinanelayo zinezindlebe ezimbili futhi lokhu yikho okuzivumela ukuba zenze kabusha engqondweni yazo indawo lapho izinto zikhona, ibanga eliphakathi kwazo nokufana, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
La ukuhlakanipha zalolu hlobo lwezilwane luyinto ephawulekayo yalo nokuthi iminyaka isebenze ukumela lo mndeni omangalisayo wasolwandle, baye bacwaningwa futhi kutholakale ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko labo, isibonelo salokhu ukutholakala kukaFlemming Nic e-Australia, owenza umsebenzi wophenyo obonisa ukuthi amahlengethwa ayedlulisela ulwazi olusuka komama emadodakazini mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ukuze azondle wona.
Noma kunjalo, izingxabano nobudlova zikhona, nakuba zingabonakali njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezifana El Tigre, Yebo lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncintisana kwabesifazane noma izingxabano phakathi kwabesilisa ngezinye izinto.
Phakathi kweminye yemisebenzi amahlengethwa aholelwe ukuba ayenze, sinombukiso, lapho eqeqeshelwa khona ukwenza imidlalo ye-acrobatics, ama-aerial pirouettes, ukunyakaza ngemisila yawo, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziqiwini zamanzi kanye nama-zoo. Lokhu kungenxa yamakhono abanawo okugxuma kanye nobuhlakani ababukhombisayo.
Amahlengethwa nawo abonakale enza imisebenzi yezempi efana nokutholwa kwezimayini nokuvikela olwandle ukufakwa kwamasosha, kanye nokugasela. Lokhu kubonakala ohlelweni oluye lwaba khona kusukela ngawo-60 e-United States futhi alubandakanyi amahlengethwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nemikhomo ebulalayo yamanga, imikhomo ebulalayo, i-pilot whales, phakathi kwezinye izilwane zasolwandle.
Mhlawumbe umsebenzi othakazelisayo kakhulu ukudoba ngokubambisana nabantu: edolobheni laseLaguna - eBrazil, abantu benza uchungechunge lwabadobi nezikebhe eduze nogu, lapho amahlengethwa enza ukubonakala ngokuxosha izinhlanzi emadodeni ukuthi ukudoba kuqala.
Azihlanganisi nje kuphela nokudoba abantu, kodwa nezinye izilwane ezifana nama-penguin nama-shearwater, lokhu ngemva kokuvala inyamazane yazo emakhoneni ukuze idliwe ngokushintshana.
Izici
- Ziyakwazi ukukala ukusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye ubude kodwa ngokwesilinganiso zinobude obungamamitha angu-3,5
- Bahlala ngamaqembu amahlengethwa angaphezu kwe-1000 ngoba ayizilwane ezihlala njalo, lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zakhe izibopho eziqinile nabanye abantu okufakazelwa ekunakekelweni nasekuphelezeleni amahlengethwa athile kwabanye abalimele.
- Bangakwazi ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene ngamasaka omoya asemakhaleni angaphansi kwembobo yokuphefumula, njengokukhala, ukuchofoza (okuhambisana nezwi), nokuqhuma kwemisindo esheshayo. Ukuchofoza abakukhiphayo kungase kufike ku-1000 njalo ngesekhondi.
- Enkululekweni bangabhukuda ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora, okuwuphawu lwejubane labo elikhulu. Lapho zibhukuda nazo ziza phezulu ukuze ziphefumule kabili noma kathathu njalo ngomzuzu.
- Ihlengethwa i-bottlenose isilwane esinobuchopho obunye obukhulu ku- animalia.
- Ihlengethwa lingaphila phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-60, konke kuncike ohlotsheni lwamahlengethwa, amahlengethwa anemigqa yiwo aphila isikhathi eside kunebhodlelanose noma ibhodlelanose.
ukukhiqizwa kwamahlengethwa
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana Azala kanjani amahlengethwa? Okokuqala nje kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi lezi zilwane azivundile kakhulu, ezinsikazi azinayo inzalo, nakuba zilala kaningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba ethanda ukukhululeka ngokweqile kodwa awavundile kangako futhi anezelwa ukuthi angadotshwa noma angabhekana nezinkinga ngenxa yokungcola, okungawavumeli ukuba ande kakhulu.qaphela inombolo yakho.
Baya ocansini hhayi nje ukukhiqiza kabusha, yingakho bengama-libidious, benza izikhundla ezahlukahlukene zocansi ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa, njengabantu kanye nezinkawu, isibonelo salokhu sakamuva singase sibe Igorila lasentabeni. Nokho, lokhu bakwenza lapho befinyelela ukuvuthwa ngokobulili, okungukuthi lapho sebeneminyaka engu-5 noma engu-7 ubudala.
Amaduna afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngaphambi kwezinsikazi futhi yiwo akhuthele kakhulu kunawo. Mayelana nokukhwelana, amahlengethwa aqale aqome, abesilisa basondela ngemuva kokuqomisana okusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokubhukuda eduze kwensikazi, lokhu kungase kubonakale njengemidlalo yangaphansi kwamanzi kodwa kuwumkhuba wokukhwelana.
Ngemva kokuba esevumile ukuthi ashade naye, uvumela owesilisa asondeze ipipi namasende eduze kwembotshana yangasese abanayo, bese besondeza izisu zabo bese benza ukuzala ngemuva kwesenzo socansi, bese iqala inqubo echaza ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani. .
Lapho amahlengethwa amabili ezinhlobo ezahlukene okungenani anobulili obufanayo ezokhwelana, abizwa ukuhlanganisa, Isibonelo salokhu imikhomo, eyingxube phakathi komkhomo wamanga obulalayo noma umkhomo omnyama obulalayo kanye nehlengethwa lebhodlela, yingakho inamazinyo angama-66 (inombolo ephakathi phakathi kwenani lamazinyo abazali bawo). Ama-hybrid ngokuvamile awanyumba, kodwa ama-balfin avundile.
inkathi yokuzalanisa
Benza isenzo socansi izikhathi eziningi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, nokho ukuze bazalane bakhetha ihlobo noma intwasahlobo (izinkathi ezifudumele). Bakwenza nasezindaweni ezipholile olwandle. Ukukhiqizwa kwalawa amahlengethwa kuwubulili obufana ncamashí nobobantu, okungukuthi, ngokuhlangana nokuvundiswa ayazala.
Abesifazane ngeke kushiwo ukuthi banenkathi yokukhwelana, nakuba bengaya ocansini kancane kunabesilisa. Kunoma yikuphi, bangakwazi ukukhipha ama-ovulation izikhathi ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngonyaka, lokhu, njengesikhathi sokuphila, kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphakathi komndeni wamahlengethwa. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sayo sokuzala ngokuvamile siphakathi kwezinkathi zasentwasahlobo nezasekwindla.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa
Lapho ukuvundiswa kwenzeka, ukukhulelwa kuyaqala, okuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi nambili ku-dolphin ingane ngaphakathi esibelethweni sikanina, nakuba ingaba yinde kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni. Ngalesi sikhathi, omama badla ukudla okwengeziwe ukuze umbungu ukhule ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokuthi ubisi lwabo lwebele lulungele ukulondla phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala.
Omama bohlobo lwama-bottlenose dolphin bavame ukuya ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinesimo sezulu esipholile ngaphambi kokubeletha futhi yilapho bekwenza khona, manje uzokwazi ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani.
Ukuzalwa
Uma isikhathi sokukhulelwa sesiphelile, uzobona ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani: okokuqala ukhiphe umsila bese uphuma ngokuphelele, inkaba yalezi zilwane ayigcinwa kodwa iphuka lapho umbungu uphuma. Ngesikhathi zizalwa zikhuphukela phezulu ukuze ziphefumule.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuchanyuselwa? Lokhu kungathatha imizuzu engu-40 noma ihora, kodwa kungase futhi kuthathe isikhathi eside kakhulu (amahora amathathu). Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi kunengozi enkulu ngoba ezinsikazi zilahlekelwa igazi eliningi, okubiza izilwane ezizingelayo futhi zidle yona namaphuphu ayo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi amanye amahlengethwa anjani kulo mzuzu wokuzalwa, amsiza futhi ngemva kokuqapha ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani, amanye azungeze insikazi njengendlela yokuzivikela. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinsikazi ziyafika ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ukuze zisize umama lapho ebeletha.
Lokhu kungolunye uphawu lobuhlakani babo kanye nokuziphatha kwabo kokuhlalisana okuholela ekutheni basizane uma bengamaqoqo. Amahlengethwa ayizilwane ezinokuthula kakhulu futhi azidlali nje ngabantu kuphela kodwa namanye amahlengethwa, anoma yiluphi uhlobo. Yiqiniso, bazimisele ngokumelene nezilwane ezidla ezinye futhi bangaba nolaka ukuze bazivikele kanye namanye amahlengethwa eqenjini.
Ukwazi zingaki izingane amahlengethwa angaba nazo abacwaningi baye babheka lolu hlobo iminyaka, ukuze banqume ukuthi banenzalo eyodwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Akunakwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi banezingane ezimbili ngaphakathi kubo, basengakwazi ukulahlekelwa umntwana, bangazalwa befile, njll.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingaba imitha noma imitha nengxenye ubude, nokho, futhi zingaba nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-30 no-40 kilogram. Konke kuncike ezinhlotsheni, ngoba ihlengethwa elikhulile lingalinganisa namakhilogremu angama-40.
Isikhathi sokuhlala sehlengethwa nomama walo
Ekufunzweni kwamahlengethwa sizoqaphela ukuthi athola ubisi lwebele, lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele abe nonina phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ukuze aphile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuncelisa futhi sithatha izinyanga eziyishumi nambili noma kabili ngemva kwalokho konke esikubonile mayelana nendlela amahlengethwa azalwa ngayo. Noma kunjalo, amahlengethwa angahlala phakathi kweminyaka emithathu noma eyisithupha nomama wawo ngisho noma isikhathi sokuncelisa siphela.
Kule minyaka kunenqubo yokufunda evumela ukuthi zifunde ukubhukuda ngokushesha, ukuxhumana namanye amahlengethwa, ukuze zizitholele ukudla nokuzingela inyamazane yazo ngamasu ahlukene avame ukuwasebenzisa. Ngalesi sikhathi akwenzeki ukuthi amahlengethwa ezingane ahlale nonina, ngezinye izikhathi angakwazi ukuwayeka ukuze afunde ukuba namanye amahlengethwa.
Inhloso wukubafundisa ukuzimela nokuthi bakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle konina eduze kwabo, nakuba amahlengethwa ehlala etholakala ngamaqembu, ngalinye liyakwazi ukuzingela ngabanye. Izimo lapho amahlengethwa enza khona imisebenzi ehlangene nazo zikhethekile kakhulu, kungenxa yalokhu kuziphatha ukuthi ayizilwane ezingavamile futhi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Ukudla
Njengoba izilwane ezincelisayo, amahlengethwa adla ubisi lwebele ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwawo aze abe nonyaka owodwa ubudala, abese eqala ukudla izinhlanzi noma ama-squid. Khona-ke, kuye ngeminyaka yazo, banokudla okuhlukahlukene okufana nezinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-5 nangaphansi, ama-octopus, ama-molluscs noma izilwane zasolwandle ezilingana nalezo ezishiwo.
Izindlela zabo zokuzingela zisukela ekujahaneni zisebenzisa isivinini sazo, ukuya ekusebenziseni i-echolocation ukuthola inyamazane efihliwe esihlabathini, futhi zivame ukugoqa inyamazane ekhoneni ogwini, zisizakala lapho amagagasi efika ezozingela. Uhlobo lokuzingela luyabonakala futhi eFlorida lapho amahlengethwa e-bottlenose ezungeza ama-mullet ngamakhethini odaka ukuze azibambe.
Enye indlela yokuzingela iwukuba amaqembu ezinhlanzi ajike emakhoneni, kodwa lokhu kwenziwa uma zisemaphaketheni noma ngokucupha inyamazane bese uyisusa ngokushaya amaqhwa, izindlela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi bazozingela yini inyamazane. Abanye ososayensi baye bafinyelela iziphetho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-echolocation kanye nokukhishwa kwemisindo ukubulala inyamazane encane ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthumela kwe-acoustic.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ulwazi oluncane lusingathwa mayelana nokuzala nokuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani, endle akukwazanga ukuthola ulwazi oluningi futhi yingakho konke okwaziwayo ngawo kuhambisana nesikhathi sokuphila kwawo emapaki amanzi, ekuthunjweni nasemachibini okufundela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziningi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo okukhulunywa ngazo, njengoba sibonile kukho konke lokhu okuthunyelwe. Amahlengethwa e-Bottlenose yiwo okucwaningwe kakhulu, lokho akusho ukuthi aziwa kakhulu, ngoba imikhomo ebulalayo, amahlengethwa nezinye izilwane zivame kakhulu. Okuncane okubonile kukhombisile ukuthi kunomehluko ekuziphatheni kwabo uma bevalelwe nalapho besendle.
Kunoma yikuphi, kuyaziwa ukuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivumela insimu engaphezulu yamanzi ukuba ihlanganiswe, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zingaziwa, idatha eyengeziwe ingatholakala mayelana nendlela amahlengethwa azalwa ngayo kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuziphatha kwawo enkululekweni, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile. kungokwemvelo kakhulu kunalokhu okuye kwabonwa ocwaningweni lwamahlengethwa athunjiwe.
Curiosities
Sibonile ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani nokuthi azala kanjani, manje sizoklelisa amaqiniso athakazelisayo ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngawo.
Amaqiniso angu-8 anelukuluku mayelana namahlengethwa
- Lezi zilwane zilala yize zisesikhaleni zinyakaza njalo ngenxa yemisinga yolwandle, noma kunjalo zikwenza ngokunqamula uhhafu wobuchopho bazo ukuze ziphumule futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zihlale ziqaphile ukuze zizivikele ezilwaneni ezizingelayo njenge. Oshaka noma izinsongo ezibazungezile.
- Zibonakala ogwini ngoba yilapho zithanda ukubhukuda khona, zithanda amanzi angashoni ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesipholile.
- La i-hydroplaning Lolu hlobo lwenziwa minyaka yonke ukuze lubaleke ezikhathini zonyaka lapho isimo sezulu senza amanzi abande, phakathi nalokhu kufuduka angakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-54 ngehora.
- I-Echolocation ibavumela ukuthi banqume ukusuka kumamitha angama-30 ukuthi ngabe into yenziwe ngensimbi, ipulasitiki noma ngokhuni, kanye bayakwazi ukuzwa imisindo etholwe amanye amahlengethwa ukwazi ukuthi "babonani" nge-echolocation yabo.
- Kunamahlengethwa angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili avalelwe eziqiwini zamanzi futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye endle, azi ukuthi umndeni wawo uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
- Kanye nekhono labo lokunanela, bajabulela umuzwa othuthuke kakhulu wokuzwa, ukuhlukanisa imisindo ezintweni ezihlukahlukene.
- Ukuhlakanipha kwabo kuba sobala lapho beqeqeshelwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngamaqhinga amasha, lapho besebenzelana nabantu, lapho kubhekwa ukuziphatha kwabo, lapho bebona ukuthi amahlengethwa azalwa kanjani, lapho betadisha inani lemisindo ayikhiphayo nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi okubonakala sengathi udale.ukuxhumana.
- Sike sasho phambilini ukuthi "bacisha" uhhafu wobuchopho babo, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma belele baphinde bavule iso elilodwa nelilodwa livaliwe.
Umndeni wakwaDelphinidae
Akuwona kuphela amahlengethwa avamile ayingxenye yalo mndeni, lolu hlobo lunamalungu amaningana ngaphakathi kwalo futhi luhlukaniswe ngobulili, lukwazi ukuhlukanisa ihlengethwa elilodwa kwelinye ngezici zalo zomzimba. Nawa amalungu alo mndeni:
- common pilot whale
- i-short-finned pilot whale
- Ugu (lomndeni wakwaSotalia)
- Ihlengethwa le-acrobat elinemilomo emincane
- Ihlengethwa elinoqhwaku olude
- Ihlengethwa lase-Antarctic
- Ihlengethwa le-beluga lika-Heinsohn
- I-Irrawaddy river beluga dolphin
- ihlengethwa laseBurunan
- ihlengethwa elivamile lasogwini
- ihlengethwa elivamile lasolwandle
- uwele dolphin
- ihlengethwa lase-atlantic
- ihlengethwa elinekhanda lekhabe
- Ihlengethwa likaFraser
- I-Heaviside's Dolphin
- Ihlengethwa likaHector
- ihlengethwa elinemilomo emhlophe
- Ihlengethwa likaRisso
- I-Indo-Pacific Dolphin
- pacific dolphin
- Ihlengethwa elinamabala ashisayo noma elifakwe izihlalo
- Ihlengethwa lase-Atlantic humpback
- ihlengethwa elinemigqa
- Ihlengethwa elibona i-Atlantic
- dolphin enamabala ashisayo
- ihlengethwa elingenasiphelo laseningizimu
- ihlengethwa le-bottlenose
- ihlengethwa elimnyama
- Ihlengethwa elipinki laseHong Kong
- ihlengethwa elingenasiphelo lasenyakatho
- umkhoma wamanga obulalayo
- common killer whale
- pygmy killer whale
- Ihlengethwa laseChile
- tonina ngaphezulu
- I-Tucuxi
