Njengophawu lobumsulwa, ubumsulwa, ubulula, ubuhle kanye evocation yothando oluqotho, kungakhathaliseki filial, umlingani noma ngokomoya, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu ngesikhathi sokupha baye bamelela lezi zichasiso esitshalweni Lily. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulokhu okuthunyelwe kuzovezwa izici ezibalulekile mayelana nokunakekelwa, ukutshala nokunisela kwalesi sitshalo.
Ama-Azucena
Isitshalo se-Azucena sinemvelaphi yaso eYurophu kusukela enyakatho kuya ogwini lwaseMedithera futhi ngenxa yokuthi sinomusa wokuhlala siyimbali esikiwe isikhathi eside, kuhambisana nokungabi yinkimbinkimbi ekutshaleni nasekutshalweni kwaso, siye sasakazeka futhi sazenza saziwa E-Asia, eJapane, eNdiya nasePhilippines, kanye nase-United States, eCanada naseNingizimu Melika.
Uma kuthiwa akunzima ukutshala, kungenxa yokuthi isitshalo se-Lily sijwayela indawo enezinkuni kanye nezintaba nezimfunda. Ezinye zingakhula emaxhaphozini. Ngenxa yokujwayela kwayo inhlabathi ene-asidi ephansi kanye ne-lime.
Igama lesayensi likaLily ngu I-Lilium candidum futhi elinye igama elivamile elivame ukutholwa yi-Lilies, kungashiwo ukuthi enye yeMinduze yeqiniso. Inephunga elimnandi, yayaziwa kakhulu futhi yaziswa ngesikhathi saseKrethe yasendulo, ibhekwa njengomfanekiso wesisa nobumsulwa. Kwakuyinkolelo yasenganekwaneni ukuthi unkulunkulukazi uJuno, ngobisi lwakhe lwebele, waveza umbala omhlophe owenza izimbali zesihlahla sikaLily zigqame.
Izici
Isitshalo se-Lily sibonakala ngokungabi side kangako, ukuphakama kwaso okumaphakathi kuyimitha elilodwa. Iziqu zawo ziqinile futhi zinamaqabunga, zakha ama-scaly bulbs angaphansi komhlaba kanye ne-aerial ebonisa inani elikhulu lamaqabunga, ngakho-ke, ifaneleka njenge-herbaceous ngoba inezimfanelo zotshani.
Njengoba kuboniswe ezigabeni ezedlule ukuthi ukubukisa kwayo kutholakala naseNyakatho Melika, kule ndawo isiqu sesitshalo sikhula njenge-rhizome equkethe ama-bulb ambalwa angaphansi komhlaba. Ngoba lolu hlobo ngezinye izikhathi luba nezimpande eziqwini, okwenza isigaxa sikhule futhi sihlale sijulile, sikhiqize isiqu esisha unyaka ngamunye.
Ngokuqondene namahlamvu awo aluhlaza aqinile, made njengomcibisholo ofinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amathathu aphethe izimbali ezibukisayo ezifika zenze isixha esingaqukatha isilinganiso sezimbali eziyishumi nanhlanu zeLily.
Izimbali ezifana necilongo futhi zikhipha amakha anephunga elimnandi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngamacembe agobile atshekela emuva futhi anemibala ehlukene njengomhlophe (okuvamile kakhulu), osawolintshi, ophuzi, onsomi kanye nalawo asezuziwe, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwale mibala, njengaleyo enamabala ansundu noma ansomi.
Ukuqhakaza kwayo kwenzeka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube yihlobo. Izimbali zayo ziyi-hermaphrodite, ezethula emvilophini enamacembe ayisithupha akhiwe yi-calyx kanye ne-corolla, ezimele, okuthi ngenxa yokubonisa kwawo afanele ukuhlobisa kanye nama-corsages, ikakhulukazi omakoti, futhi asetshenziselwa ukucaciswa kwe-essences. amakha.
Kunconywa ukugqugquzela ama-anthers ngokucophelela nangokucophelela, ngoba yibo abakhiqiza impova, ukuze ukuqhakaza kwayo kugcinwe isikhathi eside, ngokufanayo, ekupheleni kwenqubo yokuqhakaza, beka imbali ngaphandle.
Esinye isici ukuthi ukongiwa kwaso, isitshalo se-Azucena kufanele silinywe ezindaweni lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okuhle kodwa akufanele sikuthole ngokuqondile, kodwa kufanele sikuthole emthunzini omncane. Imbewu yawo inombala ophaphathekile ovuthwa ngesikhathi sasehlobo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene. Nakuba i-caveat yenziwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinesimo sezulu esifudumele esingeqi ku-27°C.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
Umnduze ungowomndeni wakwaLiliaceae, wakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezilinganiselwa ku-80 kanye nezimila eziyingxube. Obani ukusetshenziswa kungaba ezimiselwe omunye ukukhiqizwa kanye commercial izimbali zayo in sezimbali kanye nezinye zisetshenziselwa ukuba usizo futhi baziswa esenzweni zokuhlobisa izingadi, izindlela, walkways kanye patios.
Ukusiza kulokhu, ukukhululeka okufanele bazivumelanise nokukhula emhlabathini oqondile kanye nama-porrones inqobo nje uma i-substrate idonswe kahle, ithambile futhi iyindawo ezungezile njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla ngokukhanya kwelanga okuhle, kodwa ibekwe emthunzini kanye nomswakama owanele.
Phakathi kwalokhu kwehlukahlukana kwezinhlobo zezilwane zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu okuthi ngokwendawo yembali; izimbali ezimise okwecilongo lapho kususwa khona izitho zazo zobulili, enye izimbali ezinamacembe avulekile kanye nokugoba okuthile okuqondile okuvundlile kanti ezinye ziyahlukahluka ngokuthi izitho zazo zobulili zibheke phansi, kodwa amacembe azo akhiwe phezulu, okungukuthi, abheke phezulu. isibhakabhaka. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezibizwa ngokuthi iminduze singabala:
- Umnduze - Lilium sp.
- Umnduze - i-lilium candidium
- I-Yellow Lily -I-Sternbergia lutea
- Guernese Lily - nerine bowdenii
- USanta Paula Lily, uPink Lily - i-amaryllis belladonna
- I-Peruvian Lily - I-Alstroemeria aurantiaca o I-Alstroemeria aurea
- I-Turkish Lily - IHemerocallis sp
- Umnduze - I-Lilium candidum
- I-Wild Lily - UNarcissus pseudonarcissus
Kodwa-ke, lezi zitshalo ngokuvamile azihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu noma ziphelelwa yisikhathi lapho kubanda, ngaphandle kwezimbili zokugcina ohlwini (I-Lilium candidum y I-Narcissus i-pseudonarcissus) ezinekhethelo lokuthi lapho ziqhakaza, zihlala ebusika.
I-Wild Lily (UNarcissus pseudonarcissus)
Izici zolunye lwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zesitshalo se-Lily, njenge-Wild Lily, engabonwa e-Central Europe ngokuvamile ezimfeni nasemahlathini, ekwazi ukukhula endaweni engamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ngakho, zihlala zibhekwa kuzo zonke izimbali eziqhakaza futhi zizinhle ezikhathini zasebusika. ESpain isuka endaweni yaseCantabrian nasezintabeni zasePyrenees.
Lesi sitshalo esingapheli, esinamaqabunga amade nabukhali njengamanye, sibizwa ngokuthi ama-unifloras, ngenxa yokuthi kumila imbali eyodwa kuphela. Izigaxa zayo ezimhlophe zivumela ukuzalwa kwensimbi encane lapho sithola khona ama-stamens ayisithupha ahlakazekile ukuze enze indawo yokwakheka kwenkanyezi.
Kwezinye izindawo, ngenxa yokuma kwayo, yaziwa nangokuthi i-daffodil yecilongo, u-anyanisi we-meadow, i-bell daffodil, i-tragona noma i-angel flower, i-txutxupraka. Ngokwengqikithi yawo jikelele umnduze wasendle uhlukaniswa nokuhlobisa kwawo okuphezulu kanye namakha. Ngakho-ke, ivame ukubonakala emasimini nasezingadini ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ehlobo.
Njengokwengeziwe, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo saziwa njengobuthi ngemiphumela yokuhlanza. Nokho, akhona amazwe asebenzisa izimbali zawo ezomisiwe njengezidakamizwa, ngoba iphunga lazo lenza umuntu alale. Isetshenziswa njengekhambi lezimo ezibucayi zezinzwa, izifunda zesithuthwane, kanye nokuxilongwa kwezimila kanye ne-leukemia.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-Lily?
Ukuba nemvelo ezimweni ezivumayo, isitshalo se-lily sizozala ngokwanele futhi sizophila isikhathi eside. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezizolinywa, ukuhlwanyela kwayo kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Ukulandela lawa macebiso ungaba nesitshalo esihle seminduze.
Ama-Condiciones ambientales
Indawo yalesi sitshalo kumele ifudumale, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka-18 no-24 degrees C. Okusho ukuthi, lapho usitshala, umshini wokutshala akakwazi ukuthola ngokuqondile amakhaza, noma ukukhanya okwenziwa, noma imigudu yokukhipha umoya. Akunconywa futhi ukuyibeka eduze kwezinto zikagesi.
Lungisa inhlabathi
Umhlabathi kufanele ube sesimweni esimanzi, ngaphandle kokudlulela, kufanele uqukathe izinto eziningi eziphilayo ukuze ukondle isitshalo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ingxube yenhlabathi yezimbiza. Ukugcina ukuhamba kahle kwamanzi athanda i-Azucena, ukujiya okungamasentimitha ayi-15 nokwenza izimbobo ngokuhlukana phakathi kokukodwa nokunye okungamasentimitha angama-30 nokujula okuhle okungamasentimitha ayi-7,5.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela
Okokuqala, kufanele kube nesidlo samathambo ukuze sisakaze emgodini ngamunye ngaphambi kokubeka ama-bulb, lo manyolo uzovumela ukukhula okuhle kwezitshalo. Okwesibili, ngokubeka ama-bulb emigodini, kufanele embozwe inhlabathi eyenza izindawo eziphakeme ezincane bese wengeza amanzi.
ukunakekela lezi zitshalo
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulungisa inhlabathi, ezinye izakhi okungafanele zishiywe ngaphandle ukukhanya, okungafanele kuthinte ngokuqondile, kanye nokunisela, njengoba sekushiwo, akudluli, kodwa futhi akukho. ayitholakali. Izakhi eziyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ama-Lily bulbs athambile, awanayo ijazi elivikelayo lezinye izimbali futhi kulula ukuwomisa.
Kunconywa ukunikeza izakhi eziningi ezitshalweni, ukumboza ingadi noma indawo yokutshala ngotshani obunotshani, amaqabunga awile, amakhambi. Lezi kumele zibekwe nxazonke zokuphakama ezenziwe ukuze zingavimbeli futhi zinikeze indlela yokukhula kweziqu, ngaphandle kwesithiyo.
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ama-bulb sisekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nehlobo. Kule sizini yokugcina, ama-bulb amancane akha nenkulu angasuswa ngokucophelela futhi atshalwe kabusha ukuze athole inani elikhulu lezitshalo. Ngenxa yokuthi, uma zitshalwe ngendlela yembewu, kuzodingeka ukulinda isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuqhakaza iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Kuleli qophelo, ukuhlaselwa engakuthola ezintwaleni, ama-aphid noma izimbungulu zingakhonjwa njengezitha ezinkulu zesitshalo se-Lily. Ngokufanayo, nge-fungus ebizwa ngokuthi I-Botrytis. Ngokuphathelene nezinambuzane, kubangela ukulimala okuqondile, okubonwa engxenyeni ethambile kakhulu yesitshalo, njengamaqabunga aphansi kanye nama-flower buds, okubangela ukubola. Njengokwelashwa kokwelapha kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aldicarb, dichlorvos, pirimicarb kwethulwa.
Ngokulandelana kwemibono, kukhona i I-Botrytis o Isikhunta esimpunga esihlasela isitshalo esiqwini saso, amaqabunga nezimbali, sibangele amachashaza ayindilinga anombala onsundu ngokubomvana. Uma isimo sezulu somile, amahlamvu ayabuna futhi ome. Uma kuphambene, kunomswakama omningi, ibala lihlasela iqabunga lonke futhi limbozwe ngesikhunta esimpunga, ligcine libola, okufanayo kwenzeka ngeziqu. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ezigulayo zesitshalo kufanele zihlukaniswe futhi zishiswe.
Ngalo mqondo, kudingekile ukuba uqaphe futhi uhlole umswakama wendawo lapho iminduze itshalwe khona futhi uma kwenzeka, uma ubona ukuqala kokuqubuka, qaphela ukuthi lapho uchelela amaqabunga, iziqu noma izimbali ezithambile ziba manzi. Njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-fungicidal kwesixazululo sokugcina yi-inclozolin, i-procymidone phakathi kwabanye.
I-Lily irrigation
Emasontweni okuqala emva kokutshala isibani noma ama-bulb, kulula ukuhlola ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile yini. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo kufanele siniselwe njalo ezinsukwini zokuqala. Kamuva, izikhathi zokunisela zingaba izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngesonto, zihlale ziqaphile ukuthi akukho okweqile nokuthi kukhona ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele.
Njengoba kubhekwa njengembali ye-Lily yokuhlobisa kakhulu, ivame ukufakwa ezindaweni zezindlu, amasonto, amahhovisi e-vases, okuthi, ukuwagcina ehlanzekile, kuphakanyiswa ukuncibilikisa i-aspirin emanzini lapho ibekwe khona. Futhi uma umqondo uwukugcina engadini isikhathi eside, khona-ke kufanele siqaphele ekucabangeni izici zokutshala, ukukhanyisa nokunisela okukhonjiswe ukunakekelwa kwayo.
Izakhiwo Zokwelapha ze-Lily
Iminduze ihlobisa kakhulu ngenxa yobuhle bezimbali zayo, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwemibala yamacembe awo, amhlophe, apinki, aphuzi namabala. Ngaphandle kokushaya ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babezisebenzisa ukuze behlise izifo ezithile, befakazela izici noma izinzuzo zabo, ezazidluliselwa emasikweni. Nazi izinzuzo zokuphulukisa ezilandelayo:
- Ukunqanda ukuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic ngokucwilisa izimbali zayo otshwaleni ukuze kuthobe amagalelo nezinyembezi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwelapha ukusha, ukucasuka, izilonda zesikhumba.
- Uma i-macerated emafutheni, amacembe ayo angasetshenziswa phezulu ukuze kuthobe izindlebe kanye nezimpawu ezinwebekayo emabeleni.
- I-bulb isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukwakheka kwamathumba njengendlela yokuwaqeda.
- Amacembe awo angasiza ekulawuleni ukukhwehlela.
Ukuphetha, kuphinde kutholakale ukuthi enye impahla yalesi sitshalo izosebenza njengogqozi lokwakhiwa kwezinkondlo:
“Kwakungekho mbali enhle njenge-Azucena
lowo owazalwa emhlophe, emsulwa nangesenzo,
futhi nesinyathelo sengelosi sithembekile,
wagcwalisa inhliziyo yakhe njenge-mermaid…. ”…
Louis Ray
Ngithemba ukuthi ukuthandile lokhu okuthunyelwe, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde ngezinye izitshalo nokuthi kungani unakekela imvelo: