Kulesi sihloko esifushane kodwa esithakazelisayo uzothola konke mayelana Imisebenzi yezandla ye-Mixtecos Ngalolu lwazi, le misebenzi yezandla ihlanganisa izingcezu zabakhandi begolide eziqoshwe egolideni eliyigugu, kanye neminye imininingwane ezokumangaza.
Imisebenzi yezandla yakwaMixtec
Ngaphambi kokusho ubuciko bamagama ama-Mixtecs, iqembu lesizwe laseMexico, kuyadingeka ukuthi sifunde umsuka waleli gama, ukuze sikwazi ukuhlola ubuciko njenganoma ibuphi ubuciko bokwenza izinto zobuciko besebenzisa izandla kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu kuchazwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile ezilula kakhulu kuhambisana, ukuze kutholakale isiphetho esiphelele sento ngayinye eyenziwa.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kancane ngemisebenzi yezandla yedolobha lase-Oaxaca, eMexico elibizwa nge-Tierra de la Lluvia, elaziwa kangcono njengeqembu lendabuko i-Los Mixtecos.
Babebonakala ngokuba nabesifazane abangochwepheshe kwezobuciko, bedala izici ezimangalisayo ezingapheli ezazithandwa yibo bonke abantu baseMexico, futhi yonke imiklamo yayihlukile.
Ukuze kucaciswe umdwebo ngamunye, basebenzisa opende bemvelo ukuze bafake imibala yendalo yabo. Ngoba babesebenzisa isikelemu esincane, esinombala obomvu, okuthiwa i-cochineal.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-cochineal nayo yayisetshenziswa njengokudla, yayiyi-appetizer enhle kakhulu futhi ithandwa yiwo wonke ama-Mixtec, lesi sikelemu sanikeza umbala obomvu oyithusi endalweni ngayinye eyenziwa yizingcweti.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi izingcweti zazibhekwa njengezisebenzi ezikhululekile, okusho ukuthi zazisendaweni yesithathu kuphiramidi ye-hierarchical yomphakathi wakwa-Mixtec.
Kanjalo beza ukuba namabhizinisi abo ukuze basebenze futhi bakhiqize, kodwa laba babenezinceku ezazibabiza ngandlela thize, ezaziphethe ukusiza kuphela, kodwa zazingakwazi. banebhizinisi labo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izingcweti zaziwa njengezisebenzi ezingcono kakhulu zohlanga, zilandelwa abalimi nabafuyi.
Owesifazane umele ubuciko beMixtecos
Imisebenzi yezandla ikakhulukazi yenziwa ngabesifazane, njengoba babekhuthele ekwenzeni yonke into, besebenzisa izandla kuphela, bakwazi ukwakha izinto ezinhle zendlu.
Phakathi kwezinto abazakha futhi basabalalisa kubantu baseMexico kukhona okulandelayo:
- I-Jícaras.
- Ibiza kakhulu.
- Ibhodwe lobumba.
- Imikhumbi.
- Izitsha
Lezi okuyizinto eziyinhloko ezidalwe ngobumba, zisebenzisa izandla kuphela eziqala nge- tortilla yobumba, kancane kancane zimodelwa kuze kutholakale into ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, abazange basebenze ngobumba kuphela, baphinde baluka, bekwazi ukudala izindwangu ezinhle, phakathi kwazo:
- iziketi.
- Izendlalelo.
- Amaphaphu
- Amakhushini
- Izingubo zokulala.
- Ojosaka.
- Amahembe.
- Ekhungathekile.
- ama-tangles.
- Ivuselela.
Konke kuphela ngokusetshenziswa koboya nokotini, ukusebenzisa lezi zembatho ngendlela efanayo ezingutsheni zabo ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza izindwangu ezihlukahlukene ngezihlahla zesundu, bekwazi ukwenza obhasikidi abahle, izigqoko, iziqashi, ubhontshisi wesoya, amavazi, izikhwama zemali kanye nomata, okwakuthengiswa ngentshiseko enkulu emigwaqweni yaseMixteca, kulo lonke elaseMexico.
Imisebenzi yezandla yama-Mixtecs namuhla
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izingcweti zeMixtec ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zancipha njalo lapho zikhona futhi okwamanje kukhona izizukulwane zenzalo yabo eziphethe imisebenzi yezandla eMexico.
Njengamanje banezitolo ezigqama kakhulu lapho bekhombisa khona yonke indalo yalaba besifazane futhi vele basaqhubeka nokwakha izinhlobonhlobo zezingubo nezinto.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi akubona abantu baseMexico kuphela abathenga le mikhiqizo, kodwa izivakashi eziza eMexico zizohamba ngezinyawo nazo zingabalandeli abashisekayo balezi zingubo nezinto, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenziwe ngesundu nobumba.
izingubo zamanje
Kukhona ubuciko beSicaru, okusho ukuthi "bahle" kule ndawo, abesifazane benza izingubo ezinhle ezingapheli, ngemibala ekhanyayo, ebiza kusuka ku-6000 kuya ku-7000 pesos.
Benza namabhulawuzi namafutha anhlobonhlobo, abiza kakhulu futhi abiza u-12.000 pesos. Kukhona namapitikoti amaningana angabizi amantombazane.
Izinkulumo ezihlukahlukene zobuciko obungokomfanekiso
Njengoba bekuyizingcweti ezibaluleke kakhulu eMesoamerica, imisebenzi yezandla yakwaMixtec yayigxile kwezobuciko obuncane, ababusebenzisa ngobuchule obungavamile, bekhiqiza uchungechunge lwemisebenzi ethathwa njengamatshe ayigugu eqiniso.
Yiziphi izici zobuciko beMixtecs
Imisebenzi yezandla yeMixtec yayixhunyaniswe nezindaba zenkolo nezamasiko, ngalo mqondo, izingcezu ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zazihloselwe ukuhlobisa ama-altare ethempeli noma zisetshenziswe emikhubeni. Ngokufanayo, kwenziwa ezinye izinto ezazisetshenziswa izikhulu zezombangazwe nezenkolo ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke.
Lesi sisho sobuciko, esifinyelele umvuthwandaba phakathi nenkathi ye-postclassic, yazuza ukuqashelwa okuphawulekayo kuso sonke isifunda sase-Mesoamerican ngobuhle bezingcezu zayo.
Ikakhulukazi kwezobuciko obuncane, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo noma ekuqoshweni kwamatshe. lalintekenteke uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izimpucuko. Ngale ndlela, amakhono abo agxile ekwenzeni izingcezu zegolide, izindwangu, ubhasikidi nezitsha zobumba, futhi kumakhodidi abo abonisa ubuciko bezithombe.
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kobuciko be-Mixtecs
Ebonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezinkulu, ubuciko besiko le-Mixtec buhlanganisa izingcezu zegolide, i-crystal yethambo netshe eliqoshwe ngegolide, njengemigexo, izindandatho, amasongo, imaski, onogada. izinzipho, izindlebe, izindandatho zekhala, izibambo zamafeni nama-pectorals.
Ukuthi kwezinye izimo kuba namasu okusando, ukugingqika, ukubunjwa okunamekwe ngamatshe ayigugu anjenge-turquoise. Izosebenzisa elahlekile, i-welding kanye ne-filigree.
Ngokuqondene nezitsha zobumba, ubuciko beMixtec buhlukaniswa ngobumba babo be-polychrome, ngemibala ebomvu, ewolintshi, emnyama, empunga noma emhlophe, esekelwe kumbala we-cochineal, izimbali. nezitshalo zasezweni.
Benza izibuko, izinkomishi, ojeke, amapuleti, iziqukathi kanye nezibalo ezinokubukeka kwe-zoomorphic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza izithombe zobumba ezenziwe ngesandla noma eziqoshwe ngohlobo lwe-spatula, ezazibe sezipholishwa nge-quartz bese zishiswa ukuze ziphele.
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