Maqondana nezilwane ezikhula phakathi nemvelo, kungabhekwa ukuthi i-Viviparous Animals iyaziwa ngoba ithola ukukhula kwengane ngaphakathi kwesisu sayo ngemva kokuvundiswa, uyamenywa ukuba ufunde kancane mayelana izilwane viviparous futhi lokho kuziveza ukuze zibe ezithakazelisayo, kanye Isikwele.
Yiziphi izilwane ze-viviparous?
Kubhekiselwa uphawu ezidalweni ezivela ekukhuleni kombungu, okubizwa ngokuthi i-viviparity, okuyindlela izilwane ezincelisayo ezizalana ngayo, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi izilwane ezingama-viviparous. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezifeza isikhathi sazo sokuzala ngokusebenzisa i-viviparity, kuhlanganise nezinhlanzi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini.
Phakathi kwezilwane eziningi, ngaphandle kwe-platypus ne-echidna, izidalwa ze-viviparous kukhulunywa ngazo; Ngamanye amazwi, insikazi ithola isidoda kowesilisa futhi lapho sihlangana neqanda, ukukhula kwenzalo kuyaqala.
Uhlobo lwendlela ezizalana ngayo ilula kakhulu, njengoba lezi zingane ziyiswa esibelethweni sikanina, bese zinakekelwa futhi zondliwa nguye, kubonakala ngokuba yi-viviparity. Abantu bayizidalwa eziphilayo, njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, nokho, ziningi izidalwa zasemhlabeni, zamanzi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinalesi simo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Embryonic ezilwaneni
Nokho, ukuze uqonde ngempela ukuthi ziyini izidalwa ze-viviparous, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngokuthuthuka kwesigaba sokuqala noma se-embryonic, okuyinkathi edlulayo kusukela ekuvundiseni kuya ekufikeni komuntu omusha. Ngalo mqondo, ekwandeni kobulili kwezidalwa, izinhlobo ezintathu zokukhula kombungu kufanele zihlukaniswe:
Izilwane ezi-Viviparous, okuthi ngemva kokuvundiswa kwangaphakathi, ama-fetus aqale inqubo yawo yokukhula endaweni ethile yomzimba kamama, ewavikela futhi uwagcine aze akhule ngokugcwele futhi alungele ukuthuthwa ngokuzala.
Emgqeni wezilwane ezikhiqiza amaqanda: Kulesi simo, ukulungiswa ngokuvundiswa kwangaphakathi kwenzeka, kunoma yikuphi, ukuthuthuka kokukhula kwalowo mbungu okuthi, ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi uqala, kwenzeka ngaphandle komzimba kamama, ngaphakathi kweqanda. .
Izidalwa ze-Ovoviviparous: ngaphezu kwalokho ngokwelashwa ngokuvundiswa kwangaphakathi, izinto eziphilayo eziyimibungu yezidalwa ze-ovoviviparous zidalwe ngaphakathi kweqanda, nakuba ngenxa yalesi simo iqanda lihlala ngaphakathi komzimba wabazali, kuze kube yilapho lizalwa futhi ngalo mqondo. , ukuzalwa kwabancane.
Izinhlobo zokuzalanisa izilwane ze-viviparous
Kunoma yikuphi, naphezu kokwehlukana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zentuthuko ezenzeka esigabeni sokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuzalana ngaphakathi kwezilwane ezi-viviparous:
I-placental viviparous: yilezo ezikhula ngaphakathi kwe-placenta, isitho esixhunywe esibelethweni esinwebeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze siphendule umbungu. Imodeli kungaba umuntu ngamunye.
i-marsupial viviparous: ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa ezincelisayo, ama- marsupial azalwa engakaze athuthukiswe, athatha isimo sawo ngaphakathi kwe-marsupium, iphakethe elingaphandle elikhulisa amandla afana ne-placenta. Imodeli ethandwa kakhulu ibonakala kukhangaru.
I-Ovoviviparous: Njengoba ungacabanga kahle, kuyingxube phakathi kwe-viviparism ne-oviparism. Kulesi simo, umama ubeka amaqanda ngaphakathi komzimba wakhe, lapho azochamisela khona aze akhule ngokugcwele. Amancane angazalelwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle komzimba kamama.
Izici zezilwane ze-viviparous
Umgomo ovamile wezidalwa ze-viviparous ukuthi i-organism engathuthukisiwe ikhula esibelethweni sikamama ize iqedele ngokucacile isikhathi sayo: insikazi ithola isidoda sowesilisa futhi ngokuyihlanganisa ne-ovum yayo, isikhathi sokuthuthuka kombungu siyaqala.
Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi inzalo ikhula ngaphakathi kwe-placenta, lapho ithola khona izithako ezibalulekile kanye ne-oxygen ukuze ikhule; bahlala lapho kuze kube yilapho bezalwa.
Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile kulokhu ama- marsupial, akhula ohlotsheni lwesikhwama esisesiswini sensikazi, lapho ehlala khona ingxenye yenyanga ngemva kokuzalwa.
Ubude besikhathi sokukhula buncike ohlotsheni kanye nakusayizi wesidalwa; Omunye umbono ohlukanisa izidalwa ze-viviparous yinani lezingane ezingaba nazo ngokukhulelwa noma udoti. Unogwaja ungomunye ozala kakhulu, kanti umuntu ungomunye wabancane kakhulu.
Izibonelo zezilwane ze-viviparous - izilwane ezincelisayo ze-Viviparous
Yiziphi izidalwa ze-viviparous? Cishe zonke izidalwa ezincelisayo, kunezimo ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhethekile zezilwane ezikhiqiza amaqanda eziyizilwane ezincelisayo, ezibhekwa njengama-monotremes amakhulu anama-agent ayinhloko njenge-echidna emangalisayo kanye ne-platypus enkulu.
Kulesi simo kuyadingeka futhi ukufaka izinhlobo zasolwandle, njengemikhomo, amahlengethwa nama-narwhals, kanye nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezidalwa ezindizayo nazo eziyizilwane ezincelisayo: ilulwane.
- Amakati
- Unogwaja
- inkani
izilwane zobisi
- IMfene ethandekayo
- indlulamithi enomusa
- Indlovu enhle
- Ingulube emfishane
- INgonyama Inkosi
viviparous izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini
- umkhomo omkhulu obulalayo
- I-Narval
- ihlengethwa elihlekisayo
- umkhomo omuhle
- I-sperm whale eyigugu
Izilwane ze-Viviparous - izinhlanzi ze-Viviparous
Iqhubeka nesihloko esithi izilwane viviparous, kufanele wazi izinhlanzi ezithile ze-viviparous ezaziwa kangcono, nakuba empeleni ziyizidalwa ze-ovoviviparous. Kuyacaciswa ukuthi, ezinhlotsheni zama-guppies, ama-platys noma ama-mollies:
- I-Dermogenis pusillus emangalisayo
- I-Poecilia Wingei enkulu
- I-Xiphophorus maculatus ekhangayo
- I-Xiphophorus helleri eyaziwa kakhulu
- I-Poecilia sphenops
- Futhi i-Poecilia reticulata
- Nomorhamphus liemi
Izilwane eziphila emanzini - Izilwane ezihlala emanzini i-Viviparous
Njengasesimeni sangaphambilini, izidalwa eziphila emhlabeni namanzi azijwayelekile, nokho-ke, kutholwe izidalwa ezimbili ngokulandelana kweCaudata:
- Triton
- I-Salamander
ama-viviparous creepers
Ekwenzeni lesi sifinyezo esihle kakhulu seZibonelo zezilwane ze-Viviparous, ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ze-viviparous nazo ziyashiwo. Ngisho noma izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziningi zine-oviparous, izinhlobo ezithile ezicacile nazo ziye zatholakala ukuthi i-viviparity ephelele:
- I-imperious Boa
- Inyoka yasolwandle emangalisayo
- Inyoka Eyinyoka
Ukucacisa izibonelo zezilwane ze-viviparous
Izilwane eziningi ezinomgogodla ziyi-viviparous, ngaphandle kwe-platypus ne-echidna, njengoba zizalela amaqanda (ziyi-oviparous). Amanye amaqembu ezilwane, ukuphindaphindeka kwawo ngokuzala kwenzeka ngensikazi elungiselelwe ngokuvundiswa iduna elithwala amaphuphu ayo esibelethweni sayo, yilawa:
Indlulamithi
Esimeni seNdlulamithi, zihlangana nezinsikazi esigabeni sokuzala kanye nesithembu ngesikhathi sonyaka lapho ezinsikazi zishisa. Intuthuko iqhubeka esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingama-400 kanye nezingama-460, futhi ngemva kwalokho umama uzala inkonyane lime limile: Inkonyane lisukuma lihlehla futhi liwe phansi lisike inkaba. Ngemva kokugezwa, uyasukuma athathe izinyathelo eziyinhloko, bese echitha inyanga enamathiselwe kuye kuyilapho ezuza obisini lwakhe.
Indlovu
Lesi senzo sokukhwelana singenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka: Lapho nje insikazi isilungele ukukhwelana, yenza umsindo ukuze ibize amaduna, alwa yodwa ukuze abone ukuthi ubani ofaneleka kakhulu enzalweni.
Indlovu iyisidalwa esiguquke kahle futhi sinesikhathi eside sokufukamela (izinyanga ezingama-22), nakuba sinethole elilodwa ngesikhathi. Usebenza ngobisi lwebele kuze kufike eminyakeni emihlanu futhi angadla okuqinile kusukela engxenyeni yonyaka.
Unogwaja
Ngenhlonipho ku Unogwaja, abesifazane bangazala kusukela engxenyeni yesine yonyaka yokuphila. Izindlela zokuthutha zokubeletha ziyaqhubeka, ngoba zihlala zivuthiwe futhi ngenxa yalokho zivundile.
I-incubation iqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-32 futhi imfucumfucu ngayinye ingaba nogwaja obu-4 kuya kwayi-12, abazalwa bengaboni futhi ngaphandle koboya. Umama ubavakashela njalo emhumeni owakhiwe njengekhaya ukuze abanakekele futhi abancelise ngobisi lwakhe.
UMurciélago
Baphila ukuphila okuxekethile, ngoba bayakwazi ukuphila nabalingani abambalwa abaseduze: abanye abesilisa baze babe nezibeletho zabathandi besifazane. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeka ngaphambi kwenkathi yokulala ebusika ezindaweni ezipholile noma isikhathi esithile sonyaka ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Mayelana nesikhathi sokuthuthuka, singahluka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-40 nezinyanga eziyi-10 kuye ngesimo sezulu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuvamile bayozala umdlwane oyedwa udoti ngamunye.
Panda
Nakuba izinhlobo zamabhere zinezimfanelo ezifanayo mayelana nokuzalanisa ngokuzala, ezinye zinezindlela ezihlukene, isibonelo i-panda. Ithuba lokuzala intwasahlobo, isikhathi sokukhula siyaqhubeka izinyanga ezinhlanu futhi angaba nemidlwane embalwa kudoti, angaboni kahle futhi anesisindo esingamagremu angu-140. Umama ubancelisa kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-14 ngosuku futhi bahlala naye iminyaka emibili.
UDolphin
Lesi silwane se-viviparous senza isenzo saso socansi ngendlela emfushane kakhulu, bakwenza ubuso nobuso ukuze bazalane. Banenkathi yokukhula esukela ezinyangeni eziyi-11 kuye kweziyi-17 kuye ngohlobo lwezilwane futhi ngokuvamile baba nengane ngayinye ngokulandelana kwayo. Bamncelisa ngobisi lukamama phakathi nenkathi eyinhloko yokuphila futhi bamnakekele ngokuphelele.
