Kusukela ezinyonini abantu abaye bazibuka amakhulu eminyaka kuya emaqandeni abawadlayo ekudleni kwabo, zivela ezilwaneni ze-Oviparous, isigaba esikhethekile kakhulu embusweni wezilwane hhayi nje ngenxa yomkhiqizo otholakala ngemva kokuzala, kodwa futhi ngenxa ukuziphatha nemikhuba izilwane ezinazo ezinakekelayo, ngaphandle komehluko lezi ezinawo ngezilwane ezincelisayo.
Izilwane Oviparous
Lezo zilwane amazinyane azo aphuma emaqandeni zibizwa ngokuthi i-oviparous. Kuyadumaza ukuthi leli qembu lezilwane ikakhulukazi lakhiwe izinyoni nezinambuzane, nokho, izinhlobo ezinjengezilwane ezihlala emanzini, izinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyingxenye yeqembu elikhethiwe. Ngokwendlela abaqeda ngayo umjikelezo wabo wokuzala, kunamaqembu amabili amakhulu ezilwane, angachazwa ngokuthi:
i-viviparous: Inzalo ikhula ohlelweni lokuzala lwensikazi ngesikhathi esihlukile ohlotsheni ngalunye futhi emva kwalokho izalwe idlula emgudwini wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ngokuvamile zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kuhlanganise nomuntu, zingaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, nakuba kunezixwayiso ezithile.
I-Oviparous: Inzalo iyakhula futhi ikhule ngaphakathi kweqanda, ngaphambili elavundiswa isifanekiso sowesilisa futhi libekwe owesifazane, esingabala phakathi kwalo upholi, ixoxo, i-platypus, phakathi kokunye.
Kunomehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwazo, ngokwezikhathi zokumitha kwengane ngesilwane esincelisayo, kuyilapho i-oviparous ibekela amaqanda. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ukuvundiswa kungenzeka ngaphakathi nangaphandle emzimbeni wesifanekiso sowesifazane. Ebhekisela esimweni esithile, leso samaxoxo, lapho ukuvundiswa kwenzeka ngaphandle, ngokuphambene nalokho kwanoma iyiphi inyoni.
Izimpawu Zomjikelezo Wokuzalanisa
Ezilwaneni ezikhiqiza amaqanda, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuvundiswa kungenzeka ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle komzimba wensikazi; ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zesikhathi esizayo, ngakho-ke, kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ingaphandle komzimba we-specimen yesifazane. Lesi simo siyingqayizivele ezinyonini, ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini nasezinhlanzini, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, njengezinyoka, kanye nezinambuzane zibhekwa njenge-oviparous.
Kubhekwa njengenzuzo ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuthi i-specimen yesikhathi esizayo iyazalwa futhi ikhule ngaphandle komzimba kamama, ngoba ithinta kakhulu izinga lokuphila, ngoba isakhiwo seqanda simboza umbungu futhi asikuvumeli ukuba some, kubalulekile uma noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezilwane ezifukamela endaweni eshisayo. Izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini nezinhlanzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zizalela amaqanda azo emanzini. Openguin ngezinye izilwane ezichamisela amaqanda. Lezi zifika zimbozwe ngongqimba oluvikelayo lwe-viscous.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi kunezilwane ezixubile emhlabeni, njengoba zingekho i-viviparous noma i-oviparous ngokuphelele; lezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-ovoviviparous. Kulezi zilwane, lapho insikazi ivundiswa eyeduna, amaqanda ahlala ngaphakathi kwayo aze akhule ngokugcwele. Ngingabhekisela njengesibonelo ukwenza umqondo ucace, ezinye izinhlobo zoshaka.
Ngesikhathi sokuvundiswa, izibonelo zikashaka wesifazane zithwala amaqanda ngaphakathi emizimbeni yazo, futhi, lapho umjikelezo usuphelile, imibungu iqala ukwephula ungqimba oluyisivikelo, ichanyuselwe ngaphakathi kwesimiso sokuzala sikamama futhi ekugcineni, inzalo iyayishiya leyo ndawo. ngaleyo ndlela iqedele ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezifukamela amaqanda azo ngendlela efanayo.
Ukufukamela kwamaqanda
Izinhlobo zama-oviparous azinakekeli amaqanda azo ngendlela efanayo, futhi azilandeli izinqubo ezifanayo. Ukunikeza icala lezinyoni, ezenza izidleke ngezinto ezinazo endaweni yazo, ngokuvamile ezivela ezihlahleni, ezakhiwe phakathi kwamadwala noma futhi endaweni efanayo. Lapho ukufukamela kwenzeka, izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isikhathi eside kungadlula lapho zifukamela khona, futhi ngosuku lokuzalwa, abasha baphula indawo evaliwe lapho bathuthuke khona.
Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezimfudu noma izingwenya, zimba umgodi omkhulu esihlabathini noma phansi, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda azo ukuze zivikeleke kubazingeli futhi zikhule ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzibeka endaweni lapho izilwane ezizidlayo zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona, ziyahoxa kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa izibonelo ezintsha. Ngokuqondene nezinhlanzi nezilwane ezihlala emanzini, zizalela amaqanda azo emanzini ezishiya zichayeka kuyo yonke ingozi, lokhu kuyisizathu sezinga eliphansi lokusinda.
Ezinye zezilwane ezikhona ezikhiqiza amaqanda
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezine-oviparous ezikhona emhlabeni, ezivame kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
Inyosi
Ngemva kokuvundiswa, insikazi iqoqa isidoda ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukulawula inani lamaqanda engawavundisa. Iqanda ngalinye elikwazi ukunikeza, lizofakwa esitokisini, elalihlinzekwa ngaphambilini nge-nectar ne-pollen, noma futhi libe nezinye izinsikazi endaweni evamile. Ngesikhathi zizalwa, zonke izinyosi zezinsikazi, ngaphandle kokukhetha, zizodla izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingezakhe.
Ingwenya
Ngesikhathi lesi silwane sibeka khona amaqembu amaqanda ngemva kokumba umhume omncane esihlabathini, sikwazi ukwakha isidleke nezitshalo ezikhona. Esinye isici okufanele sigqanyiswe ngalesi silwane esihuquzelayo ukuthi ukuzalwa kwamaphuphu kuyoncika emazingeni okushisa ekufukamela, ngisho nasobulilini okungenzeka banabo. Kusho ngale ndlela, uma izinga lokushisa lisondele ku-30 ° C, kungenzeka ukuthi inzalo izoba yinsikazi, futhi uma ingaphezulu, izoba yindoda.
Intuthwane
Lesi sinambuzane esihle nesisebenza kanzima, esiphinde sibe ne-oviparous futhi sinegazi elibandayo, futhi ngaphansi kwaleli qiniso nezinye ezimbalwa, sibhekwa njengesilwane esimangalisayo. Ngesikhathi amaqanda abo evundisiwe, inzalo yesifazane iyaphuma, manje, uma ingavundiswa, inzalo iyiduna. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izibungu zondliwa futhi zivikelwe izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Undlunkulu
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni, lena ingenye etholakala kalula endaweni yasemadolobheni ngakho-ke ijwayeleke kakhulu. Ezinsikazi ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amane kuya kwamahlanu isikhathi ngasinye, ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma sibala kalula, ondlunkulu banamafukamo amane, anezingane ezingamashumi amabili nambili, befuna ukwazi ukuthi umlingani wabo angashintshana nensikazi, izinsuku eziyishumi ukuze akhule, alandelwe kuze kube yilapho ezalwa.
unogolantethe omhlophe
Le nyoni iqeda umjikelezo wayo wokuzala ezindaweni ezinamasimu aseduze, izindawo ezinodaka ezixhumene. Izidleke zazo zigcina ziqinile ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ngoba zakhiwe ngamagatsha nezinti eziqongweni zezihlahla, noma endaweni enobude obukhulu. Iduna nensikazi yalolu hlobo kufinyelela ekubekeni kwaminyaka yonke, ngesikhathi sokufukamela izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, izala izingane ezine ngesikhathi.
I-Echidna ne-platypus
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zihambisana nezilwane ezincelisayo ezimbili ezingaphakathi kweqembu lama-oviparous. Akhethekile, ngaphandle kokungavamile futhi ayaheha ezilwaneni, aqala ngokwakheka kwawo okuhlukile. I-echidna ifana ne-hedgehog, ekwazi ukubeka iqanda elilodwa kuphela i-clutch ngayinye.
Ohlangothini lwe-platypus, inesici esibandakanya ukufana nezilwane ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa idada, i-beaver ne-otter. Iwuhlobo olunodosi olunoshevu; Mayelana nokubekela, ifukamela amaqanda amabili kuphela ngokujwayelekile, nokho, ingabekela amathathu.
Sikumema futhi ukuthi ubuke izihloko ezilandelayo ozithakaselayo:
- Izipanji
- Izilwane zasemanzini
- Izilwane zasolwandle