I-Terracotta Warriors noma iXian Warriors, begada umbusi wokuqala waseShayina futhi batholwa iqembu labalimi ngokunganaki. Kodwa... Ithini indaba yakho? Njengoba benjalo?
Ake sijule kancane emlandweni we ibutho elikhulu kunawo wonke ake atholakala ethuneni, emiselwe ukwenza umbusi wabo abe umbusi nangemva kokufa.
Ukutholwa kwe-Terracotta Warriors
Ngo 1974, abanye abalimi ababemba umthombo eduze kwedolobha elincane bathola enye yezinto ezinkulu ezitholwe ngemivubukulo yenkathi. Amakamelo amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba ayezungeza ithuna lombusi. Kwakunamasosha angaphezu kuka-8000 XNUMX e-terracotta, ibutho elikhulu elalibonakala lilungele ukulwa.
Lokhu kutholakala, nakuba kwakumangaza, empeleni kwase kungamakhulu eminyaka kubonakala, njengoba le ndawo igcwele iziphethu ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukumba kuleyo ndawo kwakuhilela ukuthola izinsalela zobumba, amatshe noma amathayela ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka ethuneni likaQin.
Lapho umsebenzi wemivubukulo uqala, i iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke lama-stuettes ake atholakala.
Umbusi wokuqala waseShayina
U-Ying Zheng, waqala ukubusa esifundazweni saseQin eneminyaka engu-13 ngo-246 BC. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wayezoba umbusi wokuqala waseShayina, ngemva kokuhlanganisa imibuso engu-7 lokho kwakulungisa Ukubusa kwakhe kwathatha iminyaka engama-36 futhi kwahlangana nentuthuko ehlukene njengezinhlamvu zamagama ezimisiwe noma ezihlanganisiwe zalo lonke elaseShayina. Kuphinde futhi okukweletwa kuye into edume kakhulu yaseChina: The Great Wall.
lombusi wayegxile ekushiyeni ifa nokukhunjulwa. Mhlawumbe lokhu kusitshela ngomuzwa onesiyaluyalu mayelana nokufa kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wayichitha efuna izazi ze-alchem futhi enza nohambo oluhlukahlukene, konke efuna i-elixir yokuphila okuphakade.
Ukwakhiwa kwethuna lombusi
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe, umbusi wayesevele wayala ukwakhiwa kwe-necropolis enkulu. ngaphansi komhlaba. Bekuzogcwala izinto zobuciko, izikhumbuzo kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, bekuyoba nebutho. Konke lokhu kwakuyomphelezela ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa lapho ayezoqhubeka khona nokusebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njengombusi.
Linjani ibutho lamaqhawe e-terracotta?
Leli butho lisamile, lilungele impi futhi lihlukaniswe laba yimigodi eminingana. Omunye wale migodi, i main, inendawo engamamitha angama-200 x 50 futhi ingaphezu kuka-7500 amaqhawe, amanye awo asazombiwa. A Umgodi wesibili unezinqola zempi ezingaphezu kuka-130 namahhashi angaphezu kuka-600. Umgodi wesithathu uhlala kuwo izikhulu eziphezulu eziphethe ukuqondisa ibutho. Kwatholakala ithuna lesine elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi cishe lo msebenzi wawushiywe ungaqedwanga lapho umbusi efa.
Nokho, akumelwe sicabange ukuthi kwakunaleli butho elikhulu kuphela ethuneni lombusi. Kwakukhona namakhamera anezibalo zabaculi, abasebenzi, izikhulu zikahulumeni, njll. Kanye nezilwane ezingavamile. Okukhomba isifiso sokuvelela ezinhlelweni zombusi ngokuphila kwangemva kokufa.
Lezi zibazi izithombe ze-terracotta, uhlobo lobumba olubomvu ngokunsundu. Ukuze kufezwe, kwakudingeka imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi nezisebenzi ezingaba ngu-700.000 XNUMX. Yiba usayizi wemvelo, cishe imitha eyodwa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili ukuphakama.
Imifanekiso yaba yenziwe ngezingcezu ezihlukahlukene ezazizohlanganiswa kamuva nokuthi babemele izingxenye zebutho lombusi. zenziwa ngokwezikhundla zabo futhi banezikhali ezahlukene kanye nemifaniswano. Ngayinye yenziwe ngezifiso izici ezahlukene, izinkulumo, izinwele, izintshebe namadevu.
babe ama-polychromes anemibala egqamile, nakuba lopende uwela lapho uchayeka emoyeni futhi uzodalula i-terracotta. Ngenxa ye-oxidation emoyeni, emahoreni angu-5 nje umbala webala uyaphuma ku-terracotta. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuphenywa indlela evumela ukuba kugcinwe imibala yokuqala futhi kuze kube yilapho sekufinyelelwa, amanye amaqhawe ngeke aqhubeke nokumbiwa.
Lapho ithuna lenziwe futhi umbusi engcwatshiwe, ithuna alizange lihlale linjalo. Ngemva kokuwa kobukhosi bakwaQin, abalimi bawuphanga futhi bantshontsha izikhali eziningi ababeziphethe. ibutho le-terracotta
Ukulungiselela ukuphila kwangemva kokufa
yingzheng, Bekungeke kube nguye yedwa umuntu ozilungiselela ngobuqotho kangaka ukuphila kwangemva kokufa. Abashonile benkathi kaKofun eJapane bangcwatshwa ngezithombe eziqoshiwe zamahhashi nezindlu. Amathuna aseJaina Island asogwini lwaseMexico anezithombe zobumba.
Futhi-ke, impucuko edume kakhulu mayelana nokulungiselela impilo yakho yangemva kokufa: abaseGibhithe.
Sincoma ukuthi ubheke isihloko esiku Ithuna likaTutankhamun: IGibhithe ethuneni lenkosi yomntwana
Bakuphi njengamanje?
Lapho ithuna selitholakele, i-ci-omplex yamamnyuziyamu endaweni ngokwayo. Umhume omkhulu umboziwe futhi ungavakashelwa. Ucwaningo ngaleli thuna lusasebenza.
Ukuze siyibone kwakuzodingeka siye entabeni esendaweni enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Xian, esifundazweni saseShaanxi eChina.
Ukuze ufunde mayelana nokunye okutholwe ngabavubukuli, bheka ezinye izihloko ezikuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ungaphuthelwa yizindaba.