Imvelo yakhiwe ngezinto eziphilayo eziningi ezinikeza ubuhle nokuhlukahluka, okugqamisa ukuhlobana kwayo ngaphakathi kwemvelo kanye negalelo layo ekulinganiseni kokuphila. Phakathi kwabo, isikhunta singagqanyiswa, abantu ababambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, bathandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo zokwelapha nezokupheka. Okulandelayo sizofunda ngamakhowe afunwa kakhulu eMexico kulelozwe.
Amakhowe eMexico
Imvelo yakhiwe izinto eziphilayo eziningi ezinikeza ukuhlukahluka emhlabeni wonke, ukujwayela isimo sezulu, imvelo kanye nezimo zendawo, lezi zici zibe nomthelela ekusatshalalisweni kwemvelo ehlukahlukene. Leli qiniso liye lavumela ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke, zihlukaniswa njengengxenye yombuso we-plantae, kodwa kunezinye izinto eziphilayo ezivela endaweni yemvelo kodwa ezingenazo izici eziyisisekelo zesitshalo ezifana nesikhunta.
Isikhunta zibhekwa njengezinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic ezingaphansi kombuso wesikhunta, zibhekwa njengohlobo lwezinambuzane ezingavela ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo. Azinayo i-chlorophyll, azinayo i-thallus, zinamagatsha futhi zinemicu futhi izindonga zazo zamaseli zakhiwe ngokuphelele nge-chitin esikhundleni se-cellulose. Ngaphakathi kwezigaba zawo kukhona isikhunta, imvubelo nezinye izinto eziphilayo zamakhowe.
Isikhunta sitholakala ezindaweni ezehlukene zemvelo, ezihluka ngezindawo zazo zemvelo kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye ne-ecosystem lapho zivela khona. Kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane, izoba nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, ezinye zilungele ukusetshenziswa, njengoba inani layo lokudla okunempilo liphezulu kakhulu, linokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate angenayo isitashi kanye ne-fiber yokudla; Leli qiniso libangele ukuthi libe yingxenye yezinqubo zokupheka zamazwe athile kanye nophawu lokudla okunempilo kwamanye amazwe.
I-Mexico iye yagqama njengesifunda esifanelekile sokukhula kwamakhowe ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ebhekwa njengadliwayo futhi eyingxenye yokudla kwaseMexico kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho abantu base-Aztec babeyibiza ngokuthi i-Nanacatl okusho ukuthi "enyameni" yabo ethandekayo nakwezinye. izifunda zaseMexico zithole igama elithi Nanacatepec elisho "igquma lamakhowe" kanye neNanacamilpa eyaziwa ngokuthi "indawo lapho amakhowe akhula khona". Lezi zinhlangano ziba zibaluleke kakhulu phakathi nokuphila kwansuku zonke ezakhamuzini zaseMexico.
I-Mexico ingelinye lamazwe ambalwa akwazi ukukhiqiza amathani amakhowe minyaka yonke, izibheka njengezwe elinomkhiqizo omkhulu kakhulu osatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseLatin America. Lapho izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezazitshalwa futhi zakhangiswa ezweni lonke, zigqamisa izinhlobo ezinjengamakhowe amhlophe, ansundu kanye nama-organic, nokubheka i-portobello nezinye.
Amakhowe Avamile eMexico
Elinye lamazwe aseMegadiverse yiMexico, egqame phakathi kwamazwe amahlanu aphezulu ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezitshalo zemvelo, izilwane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo. Konke lokhu kuyenza ibe isifunda esineziqiwu eziningi ezigcina izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezilondoloziwe, phakathi kwazo amakhowe asetshenziswa umphakathi waseMexico ngaphakathi kwamasiko namasiko awo.
Emhlabeni cishe kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhowe phakathi anobuthi, adliwayo ngisho nalawo anezakhiwo zokwelapha. Zinomsoco kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwazo okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, imicu kanye namaminerali; Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseMexico:
Amakhowe
Iqukethe uhlobo lwesikhunta eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Paris Fungi, eyaziwa ngegama laso lesayensi ngokuthi i-Agaricus Bisporus yomndeni wakwa-Agaricales, odabuka eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokudla okunomsoco futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi inkambu ye-gastronomic. Itshalwe ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga futhi iwumthombo oyisisekelo wokuhweba kuleso sifunda.
Izikhathi zokuvuna eziyinhloko kusekwindla futhi ngokuvamile ikhula ezindaweni ezinamahlathi. Zinomumo wesigqoko esiyindilinga esixhunywe esiqwini esilula esiveza i-lamellae yaso, sinombala omhlophe, othambile nowomhlaba. Ekhishini zingadliwa ngezindlela eziningi, eziluhlaza, eziphekwe futhi zigcinwe; Kunconywa ukuthi ungawagcini ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ngoba inyama yabo i-porous futhi inamandla okudonsa amanzi kalula, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uyomise ngendwangu eyomile.
ama-portobellos
Aziwa njengengxenye yamakhowe amhlophe adumile ezindaweni zaseMedithera lapho abhekwa njengawomdabu, ahlanganisa uhlobo olufanayo lwamakhowe aseParis (amakhowe avamile) kodwa ahluke ngokuba makhulu kakhulu, lapho isigqoko sawo sifinyelela kumasentimitha angu-XNUMX ngaphezu kwalokho. ukuba nombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ukunambitheka kwayo kungavamile futhi kunamandla kakhulu, kunokwakheka okuqinile, okunenyama, futhi isetshenziselwa ukupheka njengesiqalo, okuluhlaza noma njengengxenye yamasaladi.
Kubhekwa njengenkosi yamakhowe, asetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithako esiyisisekelo kumasaladi, amasobho ngisho nama-pizza. Kwamanye amazwe iyingxenye ye-superfoods ngoba inikeza inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba empilweni.
AbakwaSenderuelas
Ama-Senderuela aziwa ngokuthi amakhowe asendle anegama lesayensi elithi Marasmius Oreades, aziwa kakhulu ngokudliwa emazweni ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eSpain, adumile ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okune-asidi nokongiwa kwawo kalula; Zinokuthungwa okubushelelezi, iphunga le-alimondi nombala okhanyayo kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi azihlaselwa kalula ezinye izibungu inqobo nje uma zisendaweni eyomile.
Lawa makhowe abonakala emigwaqweni futhi kwezinye izimfunda, anekepisi elincane elisuka ku-2 kuya ku-7 cm ububanzi, angaba yi-convex futhi abe yi-conical shape; Umbala wayo ungamathoni okhilimu okhanyayo phakathi kokunsundu nokubomvu.
Amacilongo Abafileyo
Isikhunta somndeni wakwaCantharellaceae, owaziwa ngombala waso omnyama ocishe ube mnyama, unomumo omise okwefaneli futhi ungafinyelela kumasentimitha amathathu ububanzi no-4 amasentimitha ukuphakama, kunzima kakhulu ukutholakala ngenxa yombala waso obumnyama ngoba uyakwazi. kudideke nodoti ophuma ensimini. Ezikhathini ezinomswakama umbala wayo ugqama kakhulu kodwa ngezikhathi ezomile ucishe ube mpunga.
Abanye abantu abakhangwa ukwethulwa kwayo kodwa inokunambitheka okuhlukile, esetshenziswa njengesiphuzo esiphansi, esomile noma esimanzi. Ukunambitheka kwayo kuyisithelo futhi kunikeza ukunambitheka okuningi ezitsheni ezihambisana nazo.
Kuwuhlobo lwesikhunta esisetshenziswa njenge-chanterelle ephuzi, i-anacate noma i-chanterelle. Kubhekwa njengohlobo lwesikhunta esidliwayo esitholakala ezindaweni zamahlathi e-coniferous kanye namapulangwe; ikakhulukazi eduze kwezihlahla ezifana nama-oki, ama-holm oki nama-oki kakhokho. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lubonakala kakhulu e-European cuisine, eyaziwa ngokuba yikhowe elifunwa kakhulu futhi elibonakala kalula; Inokunambitheka okumnandi kancane yingakho isetshenziselwa isitshulu, ama-dessert nezinye izitsha.
i-gyrgolas
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-oyster mushroom noma i-pleurot, itholakala ezindaweni ezipholile futhi itshalwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ithathwa njengohlobo lwamakhowe asendle afunwa kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyibona ngenxa yesigqoko sawo esimise okwefeni, ingaphezulu layo libushelelezi futhi liyacwebezela, linombala ompunga obumnyama futhi kuye ngesimo sezulu, umbala walo ungahluka, kwezinye izimo ithola izici eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nama-pardos.
Ngokunjalo, zaziwa ngokuba ne-oyster shape noma izindlebe, njengoba zikhula ziba namathoni aphuzi ngisho aphinki; lapho iphunga layo liqinile futhi liyisici. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengokuhambisana nelayisi, i-pasta noma eyosiwe, bathatha ukunambitheka okubalulekile lapho kufakwa amafutha omnqumo nesweli.
Shizi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi amakhowe aseShayina noma i-Lentinula Edodes, ithathwa njengekhowe elidliwayo elidabuka e-China futhi liyingxenye yokudla kwase-Asia. Inombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, ngaphakathi inombala okhilimu, ukuthungwa okuqinile futhi inephunga elimnandi lezinkuni, yingakho ibonakala kakhulu kuma-grill, ama-stir-fries kanye nesobho. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi, ingakwazi ukumelana namahora amade okupheka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo ezikahle.
Kuyisithako esijwayeleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela zamaShayina lapho aziwa khona ngokuthi amakhowe anephunga elimnandi kangaka, kwezinye izindawo aziwa ngokuthi amakhowe asebusika kwazise ukulinywa kwawo kungcono uma kubanda.
morels
I-morel fungus yaziwa ngokuthi i-morcella, i-cagarrias, i-morels noma i-múrgoles; Ziwuhlobo lwesikhunta esinesimo sekhekheba lezinyosi. Umbala wayo unombala osagolide onomumo wesigqoko obude, ngaphezu kokuba nesimo se-spongy esinomklamo ovoid, oyindilinga noma oyindilinga, onombala opinki nophuzi ofana kakhulu noju, yingakho zinikeza ukubonakala kwesidleke somnyovu.
Asetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokupheka lapho etholakala ephelelwe amanzi emzimbeni kodwa angafakwa emanzini ukuze kutholwe amaphunga kanye nama-flavour athile, anikeze umuzwa wehlathi, ngokuthinta okubabayo kanye nokuthungwa okubushelelezi. Ngokuvamile zihlanganiswa ukuze zibulawe nenyama yegeyimu kanye nezitshulu ezinongwe kakhulu.
I-Porcini
Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Boletus, idabuka ezwenikazi lase-Asia, iwuhlobo lwesikhunta esisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-gastronomy yase-Italy lapho ukuthandwa kwayo kusakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuwuhlobo lwesikhunta esikhula kalula ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Inyama yayo iqinile, inosilika, isiqu esimhlophe esinezingqimba ezinsundu ngokukhanyayo; iphunga layo licebile kakhulu futhi nge-flavour encane ye-nutty, ingadliwa iluhlaza kumasaladi, isoyiwe nelayisi futhi ihambisane ne-pasta.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sikhunta sinezinto ezibalulekile zokulwa nomdlavuza njengoba sisebenza njengezilwane ezihlala emvelweni, ezikhula ezinambuzaneni ezihlala esitshalweni. Zisetshenziswa njengengxenye yomuthi wendabuko wase-Asia ikakhulukazi e-Tibet, lokhu kugqugquzela izifundo ezilwa nomdlavuza, nokubona imiphumela emihle.
enokis
Iqukethe uhlobo lwesikhunta esidabuka eJapan, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Flammulina Velutipes noma ikhowe lenaliti yegolide, elihlaba umxhwele kakhulu izazi zemvelo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kwasendle, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zayo, lapho abonakala khona njengamakhowe amhlophe amade nemicu emincane. Ekuqaleni zingakhula zibe nsundu ngokumnyama, kodwa ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa zithinta ilanga zithatha umbala omhlophe.
Umumo wayo mncane kakhulu futhi u-brittle, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa amasobho, amasaladi noma esinye isidlo. I-flavour yayo imnandi futhi i-crunchy texture, ingagcinwa kalula emazingeni okushisa aphansi, iphinde igcine isimo sayo ngokwemvelo.
ama-truffle
Kuwuhlobo lwesikhunta esaziwa nangokuthi i-tuber, inobudlelwano nezinhlobo zezihlahla ze-chestnut, i-walnut, i-oki ne-holm oak. Kubhekwa njengamakhowe abiza kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ngentengo emba eqolo, abahwebi bawo abakhulu bavela eFrance, e-Italy naseSpain; Angatholakala amhlophe namnyama, adliwe aluhlaza noma aphekwe futhi isimo sawo singamashidi, izingcezu, egayiwe noma emafutheni.
Kubhekwa njengekhowe elifunwa kakhulu njenge-agent yokunambitheka njengoba lisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izitsha ezibanika ukuthinta okuhlukile kanye nomehluko, ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezindlela zokupheka zokupheka ezicwengisisiwe.
I-Matsutake
Eyaziwa ngokuthi isikhunta sikaphayini noma i-Tricholoma Matsutake, iwuhlobo lwesikhunta se-mycorrhizal esibonakala kakhulu e-Asia (China, Korea, Japan), Europe (Finland, Sweden) naseNyakatho Melika (United States, Canada). Ikhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla futhi idla wonke amaqabunga awile. Isetshenziswa kakhulu amaJapani ngoba inephunga elimnandi elifana ncamashi nelezinhlobo zezilwane, ithathwa njengenhlobo enzima kakhulu ukuyivuna, yingakho kudingeka utshalomali olukhulu ukuze uyifinyelele.
i-huitlacoche
Isikhunta sombila esikhula phakathi kwezinhlamvu zommbila, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Cuitlacoche kanye ne-Ustilago Maydis. Iwuhlobo oludumile oludliwayo eMexico, olubhekwa njengefa langaphambi kweSpanishi, elaziwa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwalo okuntekenteke nentuthu, ukuthungwa okubushelelezi kanye nephunga elimnandi; Isetshenziselwa izitsha ezifana nezitshulu ezinogalikhi, i-epazote noma ngesoso ethile. Ibuye iyingxenye ye-quesadillas, tacos, omelettes, isobho, phakathi kwabanye; izingxenye zayo ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga zishintsha zibe nombala omnyama njengoba zipheka ekushiseni okuphansi.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: