Yebo yamantombazane, kuwumsebenzi owenziwa uLeandro Fernández de Moratín. Isekelwe kumdlalo wamahlaya ngaphansi kwezakhi zephrozi futhi iqukethe izenzo ezintathu. Naphezu kokuphumelela kwawo, umdlalo wavalwa phakathi nokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki.
Yebo yamantombazane
U-yebo wamantombazane wenziwa okokuqala eTeatro de la Cruz eMadrid, eSpain, ngoJanuwari 24, 1806. Umbhali womdlalo kwakunguLeandro Fernández de Moratín. Wenziwa samuntu kwaze kwafika eLente ngalolo suku.
Umsebenzi uhlukaniswa ngaphansi kwamahlaya ngendlela yephrozi futhi unesakhiwo esinezenzo ezintathu. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo yavalwa yiNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki.
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi i-El Sí de las Niñas ingenye yemisebenzi yobuciko eyahlelwa yilo mbhali, njengoba umphakathi wendabuko yaseSpain wayithola ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngisho nokulingisa kwayo selokhu yakhishwa ithole ithuba lokuthi yenze izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha ingaphumuli kuze kufike uLent. Lokho, njengoba kwakuvamile ngaleso sikhathi, izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi kwadingeka zivalwe.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi, ekuqaleni kwayo, i-El Sí de las Niñas yayisivele iqalile ukumelwa osomahlaya ababalulekile bezifundazwe zaseSpain. Ngendlela efanayo, kwakuneqembu labalingisi abasakhula eZaragoza, ababefuna ukwenza lo msebenzi ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezizimele.
Kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi eMadrid kwakunezinhlelo ezine, ezivamile ze-El Sí de las Niñas, zonke zenziwa ngonyaka ka-1806. Zonke lezi zinkulumo zenziwa ngoba umphakathi wawucela njalo ukuba lendaba yethulwe enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Izinkinga ziyaqala
Impumelelo emangalisayo ye-El Sí de las Niñas yabangela ukuba abantu abanethonya emphakathini wangaleso sikhathi baqale ukubona amaphutha ayezoyivumela ukuthi ivinjelwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imikhosi esekelwe kwezinye izici ngaphandle kwezenkolo ayizange ibonakale kahle.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho babukela phansi amandla abalulekile alabo abathuthukisa ubuciko bamahlaya. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi izici zamaphutha nemikhuba emibi efanekisela umphakathi ophezulu wangaleso sikhathi wethulwa emsebenzini. Ibonisa izici ebezisekelwe kuzintshisekelo zazo.
Ukwehla komnotho okubalulekile komsebenzi kwasho ukuthi abagxeki babengenawo amathuba amahle okubhala izici ezingezinhle zendaba. Nokho, kwaba nezixwayiso kanye nokubhekwa okusekelwe kuzakhi ze-El Sí de las Niñas. Funda okwengeziwe mayelana nezincwadi nge-athikili I-seagull
Ngemva kwalokhu, labo ababezimisele ukugoba izingxenye zomfanekiso, bagxile kubantu ababephila ngokungazi, babangela ukuba umsebenzi uvalwe. Okwaletha isamba esikhulu sokugxekwa okwenziwa ezinkantolo zeNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki.
Kubalulekile nokubalula ukuthi kwabaningi ababambe iqhaza kulesi simo, kugqame ungqongqoshe obenomsebenzi wokuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifundo zolimi. I-Post iveze ukuthi umbhali wayonakalise impilo yakhe njengombhali ngemuva kokwenza waphinde washicilela ethi Yebo Wamantombazane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wamchaza njengomuntu ongazange ahambisane nemithetho kaNkulunkulu ngakho kufanele athole isijeziso esikhulu.
ukuphika ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Zonke izithiyo ezaholela ekuvinjweni komsebenzi ngesikhathi sokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki. Kwakungeyona into engaphezu komzamo wokuvimbela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nenqubekelaphambili eSpain ukuba yenzeke.
Njengoba bonke labo abathuthukisa imisebenzi yamasiko babekwazi ukuletha ukutholakala kwamaqiniso afihliwe ayengavumeli ukuthi imibhalo kanye nobuciko buthuthukiswe. Ukushiya ukungazi kwabantu. Umphumela obungahambisani nomyalo ophezulu waseSpain.
Abahlanganyeli bomsebenzi
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi naphezu kwezinsongo, abalingisi abebeyingxenye yalo mdlalo bebefuna ukufakazela lolu daba. Ukushiya izithiyo, ukunikeza umphakathi ukubaluleka kwe-El Sí de las Niñas.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abalingisi ababedlala u-Doña Irene, u-Doña Francisca no-Don Diego, bafeza umsebenzi wabo ngendlela yokuthi bafanelwe ukuhlonishwa kakhulu.
Abalingisi abamele abalingisi okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla u-María Ribera, omele umlingiswa wakhe ngokwemvelo, egcizelela umusa womuntu abemdlala. Ngokunjalo, uJosefa Virg wenze kahle kakhulu, njengoba kwenza u-Andrés Prieto.
Konke lokhu kuphinde kugqame ngoba umbhali ukwazile ukutholela abalingisi abanethalente emsebenzini wakhe kuphela, ubenabantu ababehlakaniphe kakhulu futhi bezimisele ukusabalalisa ukubaluleka kokwenza amasiko abantu.
Umboniso wokuqala nokusabela
Umbhali wencwadi ethi El Sí de las Niñas, uLeandro Fernández de Moratín, wabhala lo msebenzi ngo-1801. Kwakuwumsebenzi wokuqala awenza ngemva kuka-La comedia nueva, El barón kanye ne-La mojigata, eyakhululwa ngemva kuka-El Sí de amantombazane.
Intuthuko yokuzuza umboniso wayo wokuqala, ifike sekwephuzile. I-Post yazinikela ekuyifezeni ngokucophelela, ukuze ibe nethuba lokufeza ukushicilelwa kwayo ngendlela ebambekayo nenomsindo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-El Sí de las Niñas yaqala ukuzilolonga ngenyanga yokuqala ka-1806, ezikhungweni zeTeatro de la Cruz. Ngemva kokulungiselela okuphelele, iyakwazi ukubukwa emphakathini ngomhla zingama-24 kuleyo nyanga.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo msebenzi awuzange uphumelele kuphela ngenxa yokubonga emphakathini. Okuthunyelwe kuthathwa njengomsebenzi owamukelwa kabanzi ngesikhathi sakhona. Okuholela ekutheni ifakwe ohlwini longoti njengempumelelo yeshashalazi enkulu kunazo zonke kuleli khulu leminyaka.
Umsebenzi uthole ithuba lokumelwa ngaphandle kwekhefu izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha. Ngokwemininingwane, inomsuka wokuheha ababukeli ababalelwa ku-37.000. Okuphawuleka ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyingxenye yesine yabantu abadala eMadrid.
Umbhali
Impumelelo ebabazekayo yomsebenzi ilethe ukushiywa okuphelele kukaLeandro Fernández de Moratín endaweni yesigameko. Ukugcizelela ukuthi okuwukuphela kwemibhalo umlobi abambe iqhaza kuyo ngemva kwe-El Sí de las Niñas kwaba ukuguqulwa kweminye yemisebenzi eyenziwa yi-French Moliere ebizwa ngokuthi i-La Escuela de los Husdos kanye ne-El Médico a Palos.
Naphezu kwezenzo ezathathwa uFernández de Moratín, i-El Sí de las Niñas yayisavusa imizwa yenzondo, ecatshangelwa abanye bokusangana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi unezici ezinikeza ababukeli ukubaluleka komfanekiso. Iphinde igqamise ukuthi iziphathimandla kufanele ziqale ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinengqondo. Konke kufunwa ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi ongcono.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngo-1815, ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwamandla eNkosi uFerdinand VII, iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki nayo yakwazi ukuvimbela iLa Mojigata, ngoba ngokwemibandela yabo yayinezici ezingalungile.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi kaFernández de Moratín kwavuselelwa ngo-1823. Ngemva kwalokhu, umphakathi waseSpain awuzange ube nethuba lokufakaza ubuciko bomlobi iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ngemva kokususwa kokuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi yakhe, yaphinde yakhululwa ngo-1838. Nokho, yaba nezinguquko ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwangaleso sikhathi.
Isifinyezo se-El Sí de las Niñas
Indaba iqala ngomlingiswa kaDoña Francisca, oyintombazane eneminyaka engu-16 ekuqaleni komsebenzi futhi ekugcineni engu-17. Phakathi kwezici zale ntombazane kugqama ukuthi yafunda esigodlweni nasezindlini zezindela. ngaphezu kwalokho, usenkingeni emshadweni noDon Diego, oneminyaka engama-59.
Ukuzibophezela kuyenziwa, ngemuva kwesifiso sikanina u-Doña Irene, ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ishade nomlingani omuhle. Nokho, inkinga yendaba iyavela, ngoba naphezu kwezifiso zika-Doña Irina, u-Doña Francisca uzithola ethandana ngokuphelele nesosha okuthiwa u-Don Carlos.
Ngemva kwalesi simo sothando, umkhaya kaDoña Francisca, obizwa ngokuthi uRita, unquma ukusiza umqashi wakhe. Nokho, ufuna ukumbona ejabule noDon Carlos. Okuholela ekutheni benze izenzo ezahlukene eziholela ekuchithekeni komshado.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi naphezu kokungakufuni u-Doña Francisca uzizwa ebophekile ukuba no-Don Diego, njengoba engafuni ukweqa izimfuno zikamama wakhe amthandayo u-Doña Irene.
Ubuhle balo msebenzi ukuthi ekugcineni, uthando lweqiniso lunqoba zonke izinto. Ukushiya eceleni, noma yisiphi isici esingaphandle kwemizwa yeqiniso.
Izici Zendaba
I-yebo yamantombazane igqamile ngoba yenziwa ngumbhali othanda ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezici ZokuKhanya, ngakho-ke izici zendaba zigxile kulezi zinkolelo.
Labo ababezibheka njengabangqondongqondo bokuKhanya babengavumelani nemishado engenamsebenzi. Ngokulahlwa okukhulu lezo ezenziwa phakathi kwamantombazane amancane namadoda amadala. Izakhi eziyinhloko ezabenza baphikisa lesi simo zazihlobene nezimiso zokuziphatha. Lezi zibopho zasuswa ngokuphelele othandweni. Okufanele kube umuzwa wokuqala ukwenza inyunyana yombhangqwana.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi izikhathi eziningi lezi zinyunyana azibambisani nokukhula kwezibalo zabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezikhathini eziningi, abanayo inzalo ngenxa yobudala bendoda. Itimu ivezwe ku-Doña Irene, owashada namadoda amadala futhi waba nezingane ezingu-22 kodwa eyodwa kuphela eyayinamandla ngokwanele ukuba iphile.
Ingemuva
Abalingiswa abanjengo-André Vézinet, bacabanga ukuthi uFernández de Moeatín ugqugquzelwe umsebenzi kaMoliere othi L'ecole des femmes. Nokho, uJosé Francisco Gatti uyena owathola ukuthi ugqozi lombhali we-El Sí de las Niñas kwakungu-L`ecole des méres de Marivaux.
Ngokufanayo, yaqhathaniswa naleyo eyenziwa uRamón de la Cruz ebizwa ngokuthi El viejo Burlado. Nokho, naphezu kokugqugquzelwa kwayo, i-El Sí de las Niñas ingeyangempela ngokuphelele.
Personajes
Le ndaba ayinalo inani elikhulu labalingiswa, uma kubhekwa isimo bese kuthi isikhathi esenzeka ngaso sibe sincane kakhulu. Abalingiswa yilaba abalandelayo:
UDon Carlos
Lo mlingisi ungumshana kaDon Diego. Ugqama ngezici ezifana nesibindi sakhe asenza ngaso empini nokuba namahloni lapho ebhekana nezimfuno zikamalume wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uzibheka njengomuntu onothando olukhulu nesibindi, okwazi ukulwela uthando.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi uDoña Francisca, ekuqaleni umazi ngokuthi uDon Félix, njengoba emhlanganweni wabo wokuqala umfana uzethula ngalelo gama.
UDona Francisca noma uPaquita
Uyintombazane egada imizwa yayo ngenxa yemfundo yayo emangalisayo. Uzibophezele futhi ekwenzeni ngokuvumelana nezifiso zikanina. Lokhu kumholela engozini yothando aluzwayo ngoDon Carlos, ezimisele ukushada nomalume. Enye indaba ongayifunda nezokukhanga Intshebe Eluhlaza, inganekwane.
Mnu Diego
Uyindoda eneminyaka engu-59 ubudala, ngaphezu kokuba yingoduso kaDoña Francisca, ungumalume kaDon Carlos. Kufanele kubhekwe njengento ebalulekile, njengoba ukuba khona kwayo kuyisizathu esenza le mpi yokulwela uthando oluphindiwe ibe khona.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi uDon Diego ungumlingiswa oyinhloko womsebenzi futhi ngokulandelayo umelela isizathu. Uyindoda yezikhulu ezibonakalayo nomusa.
Dona Irene
Umama kaDoña Francisca, uthuthuka njengomlingiswa onegunya, ovamile wabazali besikhathi lapho indaba yenziwa khona. Uyena ofuna indodakazi yakhe ishade nendoda ecebile njengoDon Diego, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngendodakazi yakhe. U-Post ungowesifazane ozicabangela yena yedwa futhi onentshisekelo, ongenandaba nenjabulo ka-Doña Francisca.
Rita
Ungowasekhaya ka-Doña Francisca futhi nguyena obehlala emsiza ngobudlelwano bothando noDon Carlos. Ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi uthando aluzwayo luyabuyiselwa futhi ngenxa yalokho unethuba lokunqoba yonke into.
USimon
Usebenza njengeseva kaDon Diego.
UCalamocha
Uyinceku kaDon Carlos futhi uyamthanda uRita, kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uzama ukumnqoba. Ungayeki ukufunda I-Metamorphoses ka-Ovid
Amanani
Enye yezinto ezivelele kakhulu zikaFernández de Moratín ngalo msebenzi ukuthi bonke abalingiswa benza izakhi ezizimele ngendlela elinganiselayo. Kodwa-ke, ngu-Doña Irene omele amaphutha amakhulu emdlalweni, njengoba engowesifazane ongenalwazi futhi onobugovu ongenandaba nenjabulo yendodakazi yakhe.
Njengozakwethu kukhona uDon Diego noDon Carlos, abagqama ngobuhle nomusa wabo.