I-seagull, ibhalwe ngaphansi kwefomethi yetiyetha. Inezicucu ezine futhi yenziwa ngu-Anton Chekhov ngo-1896. Ibhalwe njengenye yemisebenzi yobuciko yalo mbhali.
Umdlalo weshashalazi othi The Seagull
I-La Gaviota noma njengoba igama layo langempela liyibiza kanjalo, i-Chayca, umdlalo owenzeka ngaphansi kwesakhiwo setiyetha. Ngakho inezenzo ezine, ezabhalwa u-Anton Chekhov, umbhali wemvelaphi yaseRussia, ngonyaka we-1896.
Ibhekwa njengencwadi yokuqala eyenza lo mlobi waba ngovelele, yingakho ibhalwe njengomunye wemibhalo yakhe yobuciko. Indikimba yawo enkulu incike ezinkingeni eziphathelene nomkhakha wezothando bese kuthi izinto zobuciko zibhekwe ngabalingiswa abane abasemqoka endabeni.
Abalingiswa abakhulu bahlukaniswe ngo-Nina ongenalwazi, nomlingisi ophumelele phambilini u-Irina Arkádina, naye ongumbhali wemidlalo ongadumile onezici zokuhlola u-Konstanín Trépley, naye oyindodana yomlingisi u-Irina Arkádina, kanye nomlobi odumile uTrigorin. .
Isimo somsebenzi
Njengayo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwe ngu-Anton Chekhov, umdlalo othi The Seagull uqukethe isakhiwo esihlobene nabalingisi abaphelele. Ngakho-ke ukuvela kwabalingiswa kusungulwe kahle kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile endabeni yizici ezingathathwa ngokungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi. Njengoba kuyisimo lapho uTrépley ezama ukuzibulala phakathi kwesimo sakhe esinzima. Ingqikithi eyenza indaba isuke kumamelodrama etiyetha ayethulwa phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Izigcawu eziningi zisekelwe ezimeni ezenziwa ngemuva kwezindlu zokugqoka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalingiswa banesici esivamile sokukhuluma ngokuzungeza, indawo eyenza kube nzima ukuthi abalingisi bakhulume kalula ngesihloko esithile.
Umphumela walesi sici ukuthi izinto azixoxwa ngendlela efanele, okusiholela ekuqondeni ukuthi akekho noyedwa wabalingiswa abakha indaba kaLa Gaviota abazana ngempela. Ungayeki ukufunda I-Metamorphoses ka-Ovid
Ukufana nomdlalo kaShakespeare
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi i-Seagull inezici ezithile ezenza ifane ne-Shakespeare's Hamlet. Phakathi kwezinto ezivamile kukhona izingcaphuno eziqondile ezenziwe ngabalingiswa u-Arkadina no-Trépley, kuyilapho isenzo sokuqala somdlalo senzeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungase futhi kubonakale ukuthi lo msebenzi unezici ezifana nenhlekelele kaShakespeare, njengoba kungabonakala lapho uTrépley efuna umama wakhe ukuba abuyele ekhaya futhi ashiye u-Trigorin eceleni, obhekwa njengomsebenzi. Isimo esifana ne-Hamlet neNdlovukazi uGertrude, lapho efuna ukuthi alahle uClaudio.
Ukuqala
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngosuku lokubuka kuqala e-Alesksandrinski Theatre eSaint Petersburg, kwaba ukwehluleka okuphelele. Nokho, uKonstantin Stanislavski, ewuthemba lo msebenzi futhi wawuqondisa eMoscow Art Theatre, kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, okwaholela ekutheni i-Seagull ibe umsebenzi ovelele emhlabeni wemidlalo yeshashalazi.
Ukwamukelwa kwe-Seagull
Isethulo sakhe sokuqala senziwa ngobusuku buka-Okthoba 17, 1896, e-Aleksandrinski Theatre eSaint Petersburg. Lesi sethulo asitholanga ukwamukeleka obekulindelekile, njengoba kube ukwehluleka okumangalisayo. Funda isihloko Intshebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kuze kuthiwe uVera Komissarzhéyskaya, umlingisi wodumo waseRussia owayedlala indawo kaNina futhi ezilolongelwayo usekhalise ngisho nombhali walo mdlalo ngomsebenzi wakhe oncomekayo, wagilwa yizilaleli ezinonya. Yini eholele ekutheni alahlekelwe izwi ngesikhathi umsebenzi usaqhubeka.
Umbhali womdlalo u-Anton Chekhov, ngemuva kokuthi isimo sinquma ukuhlala ngemuva kwamakamelo okugqoka futhi wazisa umhleli womdlalo u-Aleksei Suyorin ukuthi ngeke aphinde abhalele yaseshashalazini. Ngenxa yokusabela kwakhe, abalandeli bakhe bamazisa ukuthi kuncane kakhulu esethulweni ngasinye umsebenzi owamukelwa umphakathi. Nokho, umlobi, ekhungathekile ngalokho okwenzekile, wanquma ukungabakholelwa.
UVladimir Nemirovich Danchenko
I-Seagull yakwazi ukuthakazelisa umbhali wemidlalo uVladimir Nemirovich Dánchenki, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wanquma ukukhuluma nomlobi ofanayo, u-Anton Chekhov, emdumisa, ngoba wayecabanga ukuthi indaba kufanele inikezwe umklomelo weGriboyedov.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho umbhali weshashalazi enquma khona ukuncenga uKonstantin Stanislavski ukuthi aqondise lo mdlalo eMoscow Art Theatre. Ukuqala umsebenzi enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia ngonyaka we-1898.
I-Seagull yamukelwa kahle umphakathi waseMoscow kangangokuthi uphawu lwale midlalo yaseshashalazini lwaba i-seagull. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kukaChekhov ekukhiqizeni okuqondiswe nguStanislavki kwakuvelele kakhulu ekwethulweni okuvelele komsebenzi.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi umsebenzi waqala ukubala kusukela lapho ngezinto ezingokoqobo ezingokwengqondo. Okubuye kwavumela uChekhov ukuthi abuyele ekubhaleni umhlaba wemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngenxa yesisusa somphumela otholiwe.
I-Seagull eSpain
Ukwethulwa kokuqala okuvelele komdlalo othi La Gaviota ezweni laseSpain yileyo eyenziwa ngu-Alberto González Vergel, e-Windsord Theatre e-Barcelona. Kulo msebenzi, izethulo zika-Amparo Soler Leal, uJosefina de la Torre, uMary Paz Ballesteros noFrancisco Piquer bagqama.
Kamuva u-Alberto González Vergel, wabuya ukuze enze umsebenzi we-Teatro Inclán eMadrid. Lapho u-Asunción Sancho, u-Ana María Noé, uMary Paz Ballesteros kanye noRafael Llamas babambe iqhaza.
Ngemva kwalezi zinkulumo, iqondiswe nguGonzález Vergel, uLa Gaviota, osakazwa kuthelevishini yaseSpain, esiteshini se-Estudio 1. Abantu abavelele abavela emhlabeni wobuciko babambe iqhaza kulo mkhiqizo, njengoLuisa Sala, uJulián Mateos, uMaría Massip noFernando Rey.
NgoMeyi 1972, kwenziwa inguqulo entsha, lapho u-Irene Gutiérrez Caba, uJulián Mateos, uJosé María Prada noJulieta Serrano bebamba iqhaza. Ngo-1981 lo mdlalo wenziwa eTeatro Bellas Artes eMadrid, ngu-Enrique Llovet. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, abantu abanjengoMaría Asquerino, Ana María Barbany, María José Goyanes, Raúl Freire, Pedro Mari Sánchez, Eduardo Calvo, Luis Perezagua, Elvira Quintillá, José Vivó, Gerardo Vera noManuel Collado babambe iqhaza.
Kubalulekile ukusho ngaphakathi kwezinguqulo zemvelaphi yaseSpain isiCatalan, esasiphethe uJosep María Flotats ngonyaka we-1997. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uNuria Espert, u-Ariadna Gil, uJosé María Pou no-Ana María Barbany babambe iqhaza emsebenzini. . .
Isiteji esisha seLa Gaviota
Ngo-2004, inguqulo entsha ye-La Gaviota eqondiswe ngu-Amelia Ochandiano yasungulwa, eyethulwa e-Teatro de la Danza. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi abalingiswa bakhe badlalwe nguRoberto Enríquez, Silviana Abascal, Carme Elías, Pedro Casablanc, Juan Antonio Quintana, Goizalde Núñez, Jordi Dauder, Marta Fernández Muro noSergio Otegui.
Kungo-2005 lapho kwenziwa khona inguqulo lapho iGuindalera igqama khona. Yakhiwe ngaphansi kwefomethi enezinhlamvu eziyisithupha. Kulingisa uMaría Pastor, Ana Miranda, Josep Albert, Ana Alonso, Alex Tormo noRaúl Fernández de Pablo.
Ngo-2012, kwenziwa inguqulo entsha eyakhuthazwa nguRubén Ochandiano. Lapho abalingisi abakhulu bekukhona u-Toni Acosta, u-Pepe Ocio, u-Javier Albalá, u-Irene Visedo no-Javier Pereira.
Ngawo lowo nyaka inguqulo yenziwa nguDaniel Veronese, nokho, okokuqala le nguqulo yabizwa ngenye indlela, Izingane zilele. USusi Sánchez, Miguel Rellán, Ginés García Millán, Malena Alterio, Miguel Rellán, Pablo Rivero, Alfonso Lara, Diego Martín, Mariana Salas, Aníbal Soto babambe iqhaza.