Inkolo yamaHindu yaziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi bayo abahlukahlukene. Ngamunye walaba nkulunkulu unomsebenzi nomlando wawo. Onkulunkulu bamaHindu abadume kakhulu uBrahma, uVishnu noShiva, kodwa baningi futhi abakhonzwa abalandeli balolukholo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngonkulunkulu abahlukene bamaHindu, ephawula kabanzi ngalezi zintathu ezibalulekile. Inhloso yethu ukunikeza ukuqonda okujulile konkulunkulu bamaHindu nokuthi badlala kanjani indima ebalulekile enkolweni namasiko aseNdiya. Ngalo mbhalo sithemba ukusiza abafundi baqonde ukunotha nokwehlukahlukana kwenkolo yamaHindu futhi baqonde kangcono indima yayo ezimpilweni zamakholwa ayo.
Iluhlobo luni lwenkolo yamaHindu?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngonkulunkulu bamaHindu, ake siqale sixoxe ngokuthi ubuHindu bumayelana nani. Inkolo yamaHindu, eyaziwa nangokuthi iSanātana Dharma noma "indlela yaphakade" Ingenye yezinkolo ezindala neziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Inezimpande zayo eNdiya futhi isabalale eNepal, eSri Lanka, e-Indonesia nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Inkolo yamaHindu isekelwe ochungechungeni lwemibhalo engcwele, kuhlanganise namaVeda, ama-Upanishad, amaPurana, neminye.
Ibonakala ngonkulunkulu bayo abahlukahlukene, ngayinye yazo inomsebenzi othile nomlando. Onkulunkulu abadume kakhulu nguBrahma, Vishnu noShiva. UBrahma ungumdali wendawo yonke, uVishnu ungumvikeli nomlondolozi wendawo yonke, kanti uShiva ungumbhubhisi nomvuseleli wendawo yonke. Sizoxoxa ngazo ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
inkolo yamaHindu futhi igcizelela kakhulu ukuphindukuzalwa, umqondo wokuthi umphefumulo womuntu ubuyela enyameni entsha ngemva kokufa. UbuHindu bufundisa nokuthi inkululeko engokomoya, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-moksha," iwumgomo omkhulu wokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inosiko lwe-guru-umfundi, lapho u-guru noma uthisha wezomoya eqondisa umfundi endleleni yakhe eya enkululekweni yokomoya. Le nkolo futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhuba namasiko, okuhlanganisa i-pujas (ukukhulekela), i-yajnas (iminikelo), i-yoga, ukuzindla, nokuzila ukudla.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi inkolo yamaHindu ihluke kakhulu futhi inamagatsha namasiko amaningi ahlukene. Iyinkolo ephilayo, futhi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi ivumelana nezikhathi zanamuhla.
Bangaki onkulunkulu bamaHindu?
Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, inkolo yamaHindu inenani elikhulu lonkulunkulu, ngamunye unomsebenzi othile nomlando. Onkulunkulu abadume kakhulu uBrahma, uVishnu noShiva, kodwa baningi abengeziwe emphakathini wamaHindu. Ngokwamasiko ahlukene nemibhalo engcwele, kukhulunywa ngezinkulungwane zonkulunkulu nonkulunkulu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ebuHindu, zonke ziyizici ezihlukahlukene zikaNkulunkulu oyedwa ophakeme, uBrahman, futhi bonke onkulunkulu babhekwa njengokubonakaliswa kukaNkulunkulu oyedwa.
Ngaphandle kukaBrahma, uVishnu noShiva, abanye babo onkulunkulu nonkulunkulu abadume kakhulu kuHinduism Yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-Devi noma i-Shakti: Unkulunkulukazi wesifazane, amandla kaNkulunkulu. Ubhekwa njengonina wabo bonke onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi. Ungunkulunkulukazi wenzalo.
- I-Ganesh: Unkulunkulu onekhanda lendlovu, osusa izithiyo. Ungomunye wonkulunkulu abadume kakhulu futhi ukhonzwa kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Kungunkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nempumelelo.
- I-Kartikeya: Unkulunkulu wempi nobuqhawe. Uyiwele likaGanesha.
- I-Hanuman: Unkulunkulu wezinkawu, inceku ethembekile yaseRama. Ungunkulunkulu wobuqotho nokuzinikela.
- I-Lakshmi: Unkulunkulukazi wengcebo, ukuchuma nenhlalakahle. UngumkaVishnu.
- I-Sarasvati: Unkulunkulukazi womculo, ubuciko nokuhlakanipha.
- URama noKrishna: Onkulunkulu ababili bamaHindu abadume kakhulu nabakhulekelwayo kubuHindu. Ziyi-avatar ye-Vishnu futhi zibaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni nasenkolweni yamaHindu.
- I-Kali: Unkulunkulukazi wembubhiso noguquko. Kuyindlela enamandla kakhulu kaDevi futhi ikhulekelwa yilabo abafuna ukuvikelwa namandla.
Unkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi ngamunye unezinganekwane zabo, umlando, nemikhuba yokukhulekela. Abanye bonkulunkulu bahlonishwa kulo lonke elaseNdiya, kanti abanye badume kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile. Ngezansi sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngonkulunkulu abathathu abakhulu bamaHindu: uBrahma, uVishnu noShiva.
U-Brahma: umdali wendawo yonke
Ake siqale ngenhloko yonkulunkulu bamaHindu: Brahma. Ngokungangabazeki, ungomunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu kunkulunkulu wamaHindu. Ubhekwa njengomdali wendawo yonke futhi ungomunye we-Trimurti, kanye noVishnu (umlondolozi) noShiva (umbhubhisi). UBrahma waziwa nangokuthi "uBaba Wezizukulwane" noma "Prajapati". Ungunkulunkulu wendalo nomdali wezidalwa eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungunkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nokuqaphela izinto ezingokomoya. Ubhekwa futhi njengonkulunkulu wezinkondlo nomculo.
Ngokwenganekwane yamaHindu, uBrahma wadalwa uNkulunkulu ophakeme, okuthiwa uBrahman, ukuze adale indawo yonke. Waqala ngalo msebenzi ngokuzindla nokuzindla, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, waqala ukudala izidalwa eziphilayo. Wadala amazulu, amazwe, izilwandle, nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo.
UBrahma uvame ukuvezwa izingalo ezine, ephethe incwadi, irosari, uphaphe, nesitsha samanzi. Ivamise ukuba namakhanda amane, ngalinye libheke ohlangothini oluhlukile, elifanekisela indalo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine. Ekukhulekeleni kwamaHindu, uBrahma ungunkulunkulu omncane uma kuqhathaniswa noVishnu noShiva, futhi inamathempeli nabalandeli abazinikezele abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabo. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amasiko esifunda ikhulekelwa kakhulu futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni.
UVishnu: umvikeli nomlondolozi wendawo yonke
Manje ake siqhubeke nonkulunkulu uVishnu, naye ongomunye wonkulunkulu bamaHindu ababaluleke kakhulu. NgokobuHindu, ungumlondolozi wendawo yonke. Ngokwenganekwane yamaHindu, uVishnu ungumvikeli wendawo yonke futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokulondoloza ukulinganisela kuyo. Ngakho-ke ungunkulunkulu wobulungisa nesivikelo. Kuwukusekelwa kwakho konke okukhona, ukusekelwa kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kanye nokusekelwa kwemithetho yendawo yonke.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zikaVishnu zingumzimba wakhe wenyama noma ama-avatar ngezindlela ezihlukene, ezaziwa ngokuthi “i-Vishnu Avatara”. Lawa ma-avatar ahlanganisa uRama noKrishna, ababili bonkulunkulu abadume kakhulu nabakhulekelwayo enkolweni yamaHindu futhi babaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni nasenkolweni yobuHindu. I-avatar ngayinye ka-Vishnu inenjongo ethile kanye nendaba ehlotshaniswa nayo.
UVishnu uvame ukuvezwa izingalo ezine, ephethe igobolondo (shankha), idiski (chakra), iklabhu (i-gada) kanye ne-lotus (padma). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile ine-halo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva kwayo. Kujwayelekile futhi ukumbona ephethe inyoka okuthiwa uShesha, imsonga njengomqamelo. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngokuvamile kubonakala ngendlela yokuphumula, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Ananta-Shesha" lapho ephumula khona kuShesha, ngenkathi ezindla futhi elindele ukuzalwa kwakhe okulandelayo.
Ekukhulekeleni kwamaHindu, UVishnu ungomunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu futhi uhlonishwa kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Amathempeli abo, okuthiwa yi-Vaishnavism, avame kakhulu futhi adumile. Abalandeli bakaVishnu babizwa ngokuthi amaVaishnavas futhi baqhuba ukuzinikela nokukhulekela lo nkulunkulu nama-avatar akhe.
UShiva: umbhubhisi nomvuseleli wendawo yonke
Ekugcineni kufanele sigqamise uShiva, omunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu kunkulunkulu wamaHindu. Ingumbhubhisi nomvuseleli wendawo yonke. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zamaHindu, uShiva ungunkulunkulu wokubhujiswa nokuguqulwa, kodwa futhi ungunkulunkulu wokuvuselela nokudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungunkulunkulu wokuzindla nokuzindla, yingakho ebhekwa njengothisha we-yoga kanye nesayensi engaqondakali ye-tantra.
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke lezi zihloko, UShiva futhi ungunkulunkulu wezintaba nemifula, futhi ungumvikeli wezilwane zasendle nezitshalo. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi waziwa nangokuthi "Pashupati" noma "Nkosi Yezilwane". Futhi akumangalisi ukuthi abakhulekeli babo abayinhloko ngabelusi nabazingeli. U-Shiva waziwa nangokuthi "iNkosi Yomdanso" (Nataraja) ngendlela yakhe yokudansa, ufanekisela ukudalwa nokubhujiswa kwendawo yonke.
I-Shiva ivame ukumelwa ngamehlo amathathu, inomzimba onqunu futhi ihlotshiswe izinyoka kanye nomgexo wama-skulls. Ezikhathini eziningi ubonakala ephethe iribhoni yengwe kanye ne-trident ezandleni zakhe. Kuvamile futhi ukuyibona esimweni sokuzindla noma sokudansa. Ekukhulekeleni kwamaHindu, uShiva ungomunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu futhi uhlonishwa kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Amathempeli abo avame kakhulu futhi aziwa ngokuthi amaShaivism. Abalandeli bakaShiva baziwa ngokuthi amaShaivas futhi bazijwayeza ukuzinikela nokukhulekela iShiva nezinhlobo zayo ezahlukene.
Ngithemba ukuthi lonke lolu lwazi mayelana nonkulunkulu bamaHindu lube nentshisekelo kuwe. Ufunda okuthile okusha nsuku zonke!