I-guanaco Kuwuhlobo olufana ncamashi nama-llamas nama-alpaca, kuphela ukuthi uboya balo abukho buningi njengalobo balezi zinhlobo, iqiniso liwukuthi banobuhlobo obuhlukile emithonjeni eminingana. Lapha kuzochazwa izici ezithile, indawo yayo yokuhlala, ukuthi ukudla kwayo kuqukethe ini, ukukhiqizwa kwayo futhi ekugcineni izinsongo zayo.
Iyini i-guanaco?
Ezinye izincwadi ziyihlukanisa njengokhokho wama-llamas, lokhu kungaba i-guanaco yasenyakatho ngokuqondile, eminye imibhalo efana ne-"Especies demammals del mundo" (Izinhlobo Zezilwane Zomhlaba) iyibeka njenge-subspecies ye-llama, kwezinye izindawo kucatshangelwa njengolunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili eziphuma kuma-alpaca, kuyinto engakacaci.
I-llama kanye ne-alpaca yizinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi inokhokho oyedwa: i-guanaco noma i-Lama guanicoe, ebonakala kuphela kwezinye izizwe zaseNingizimu Melika, ingeyomndeni. camelidae kanye namakamela. Kulotshwe izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-guanaco: i-Peruvian noma i-northern guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis) kanye neguanaco eseningizimu noma eningizimu (Lama guanicoe guanicoe).
Izici
Ezinye izici i-guanaco enazo yilezi:
- Ngokwesilinganiso bakala ukusuka ku-1,60 kuya ku-1,90 wamamitha futhi bangaba nesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-90 no-100, ngisho nezibonelo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-130 zitholakele.
- Zingaphila ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engaba ngu-20 noma engu-25 uma zisendle, njengoba zinjalo emazweni okukhulunywa ngawo.
- Uboya bayo bungaba nsundu ngamathoni ayenza ibukeke ibomvu emhlane nasemsila, ingxenye yentamo kanye nezinye izingxenye zangaphansi zayo zimhlophe. Leli jazi lifushane kancane kunelama-llama nezindlovukazi futhi lilula kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi imicu yalo iyize.
- I-guanaco iwuhlobo olusheshayo uma izwa sengathi isesimweni esiyingozi, isibonelo, lapho ibona inyamazane eduzane. Ngaleso sikhathi zingagijima amakhilomitha angu-60 ngehora ngisho nangaphezulu, lokhu kungasebenza kwezinye izimo hhayi kwezinye ngoba izilwane ezizidlayo zemvelo ziyashesha kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokugijima, iguanaco isikhombisile ukuthi ikwazi ukubhukuda kahle.
- Ivamise ukukhafula amabhola okudla namathe ebangeni elide ukusuka lapho ikuyo.
- Nakuba ingavamisile ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lungaphuza ngokuthula amanzi anosawoti ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
- Imisindo abayikhiphayo iyehluka kuye ngesimo, uma bebona enye iduna eduze kakhulu nephakethe labo, bazwakala bechofoza, kanti uma bebona inyamazane benza imisindo engaphezulu ukuze baxwayise amanye amalungu ephakethe lawo.
Ukuziphatha
I-guanaco ichitha impilo yayo yonke ngemikhuba yokuvikela indawo, iphinde ibe nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela umhlambi wayo uma kuyiziduna ezindala emhlambini. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izakhamuzi zazifuywa kudala futhi okwamanje ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezinesimo sengqondo esinokuthula kubantu, ngokuvamile azinalo ulaka ngaphandle kokuvikela indawo yazo, uma ziphazamisekile noma uma zicabanga ukuthi zisengozini futhi zisengozini. lawo macala avame ukubalekela isayithi esikhundleni sokuhlasela.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, akuzona izilwane ezihlala zodwa, zihlala emihlambini emikhulu enezinsikazi, ezincane kanye neduna eqenjini ngalinye. Lo wesilisa nguyena onesikhundla sokubusa. Kukhona nemihlambi lapho kuneduna elingaphezu kweyodwa, lokhu kungaba izibonelo ezilodwa, kuyilapho kunemihlambi exubile evame ukwakhiwa lapho ifuduka ebusika, kungaba nenani elingaqondakali lezinsikazi neziduna.
Kulo mkhuba wokufuduka bahamba kokubili ngenxa yesimo sezulu kanye nokufuna ukudla, nokho, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi bahambe beyofuna ukudla, isibonelo, inkathi eyomile ingawanciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola ukudla, ngakho babonakala bephoqelekile ukuba badle. vakashela kwezinye izindawo lapho isimo sezulu sisihle khona kanye nezimila ziningi.
Ukudla
Lolu hlobo luyi-herbivorous, ngakho-ke ukudla kwalo kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezigabeni, imbewu yezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, kanye nezithelo zayo. Ikhulunywa ngokujwayelekile ngoba inokudla okunhlobonhlobo ekudleni kwayo kwansuku zonke engakudla ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa, nakuba ithanda amakhambi nezihlahla cishe zanoma yiluphi uhlobo, akusho lutho ukuthi i-cactus, isitshalo noma uma kungolunye uhlobo lwezinhlobo. .
Ngaphandle kwezithelo zasendle, i-guanaco idla amantongomane nokunye ukudla okomile, akukhathaleki ukuthi kubonakala kunzima kakhulu ukukuhlafuna ngoba iyisilwane esidlayo. Lokhu kuyinto engabonwa futhi ku izici flame Futhi enye into abafana ngayo mayelana nokudla kwabo ukusetshenziswa kancane kwamanzi, lokhu kubangelwa uhlobo lokudla abakudlayo, njengoba iningi labo bayizitshalo, bathola ukugeleza okwanele kuzo.
Ukuzala
I-guanaco ingena kakhulu esikhathini sayo sokukhwelana kusukela ekuqaleni kwenyanga kaLwezi kuze kube maphakathi noma ngaphezudlwana kukaFebruwari. Ukuziphatha kuyashintsha phakathi nalesi sikhathi kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane, abokuqala banolaka kakhulu futhi balwa kakhulu namanye ama-guanaco lapho befuna ukuhlangana nensikazi evamile.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, emhlambini ngokuvamile kuba neduna elilodwa nezinsikazi eziningana, ngakho i-guanaco inesithembu futhi ihlangana nazo zonke. Lokhu kungenziwa ngemva kokuba sebefinyelele unyaka noma emibili ubudala, okuwukuthi lapho sebevuthiwe ngokobulili.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kulolu hlobo luhlala cishe unyaka (izinsuku ezingu-345) noma lunganweba kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingu-360, konke lokhu ukuze kube nenzalo eyodwa kuphela noma kwezinye izimo ezimbili zazo, noma kunjalo, inzalo yomibili ayihlali njalo, oyedwa wabo angafa noma nini.
Ukuzalwa kwalawa mancane ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo, isikhathi esikahle sokuba adle ngokwanele ngoba athola ukudla okwengeziwe ngaleso sikhathi esiqondile, nokho-ke, ukuzalwa kwenzeka nasehlobo. Njengoba zizelwe zihlala eduze komama bazo futhi ziyahlukana uma sezingaphezudlwana konyaka.Uma kuyiqembu lapho iduna elilodwa libusa umhlambi wonke, zingahamba futhi zihlanganyele emhlambini lapho kuhlala khona abesilisa kuphela.
Habitat
Ngokuqondene nendawo lapho ngokuvamile ama-guanaco ehlala khona, ungathola ukufana nama-llama athanda ukuhlala phezulu, ancamela izindawo ezifinyelela ku-4.000 noma 5.000 wamamitha ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile ziyizimfunda ngezinye izikhathi ezingamahlathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-savannah nawo ayindawo lapho kuzokwazi ukutholakala khona.
Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi bakhetha kokubili izifunda eziwugwadule neziwugwadule endaweni ephakeme nezintaba eziseduze nolwandle, nokho, akuvamile kakhulu ukuzibona emahlathini ngoba zithanda kakhulu. izindawo ezibanzi, njengamathafa otshani, amathafa, amathafa, afana ngawo avulekile ngenxa yokungabikho kwezihlahla eziningi. Ukwengeza kulokho, izifunda eziwugwadule neziwugwadule zilungele ukucasha futhi zigweme ukubamba ukunaka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Lolu hlobo ludabuka eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi e-Argentina, eBolivia, eChile (enyakatho kungcono), iParaguay nePeru. Njengamanje ingatholakala kulezo zindawo, kodwa iningi labantu lise-Argentina. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokunqoba okungenani izibonelo ze-500.000 zalolu hlobo zazikhona ezwenikazi, leso sibalo sancishiswa kakhulu ezweni ngalinye ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene, empeleni, saqedwa ngokuphelele e-Ecuador.
Izinsongo
Lolu hlobo aluyona ingxenye yohlu lwe Izilwane ezisengozini emhlabeni, ihlala ihlukaniswa kuphela ezingeni lokukhathazeka okuncane. Lokhu kunjalo ngoba ayinabo ngempela isibalo sabantu abambalwa futhi izinzile, ayitholakali ezindaweni ezimbalwa emhlabeni futhi izindawo lapho itholakala khona njengamanje yizindawo ezivikelekile. Ngokunjalo, kunomthetho wokuzingela ovikela lezi zilwane, okuwuMthetho Wokuzingela, Ukuzalanisa kanye Nokusetshenziswa endaweni.
Kungashiwo ukuthi njengezinsongo ezihlobene nomsebenzi womuntu, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lubhekana nokucekelwa phansi kwezinye izindawo zalo, ngaphezu kwalokho ukuzingela kwama-guanacos nakho kwenzeka, nakuba kungenzeki njalo njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, njengezingwe noma izingwe. Kodwa-ke, isikhumba noboya bazo azizisindisi ekuzingeleni abantu abangazinika zona, e-Argentina naseChile amarekhodi agcina lolu hlobo lwezilwane engozini. Okuphambene kwenzeka eBolivia, eParaguay nasePeru.
Ngokuqondene nezinsongo ezingokwemvelo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyaziwa ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ezivame ukuzibamba ziyi-puma noma impungushe, noma kunjalo, inani labantu bakhona lihlala linabantu abanele ukuba bangabhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini.