Iyo Mixtecos, inoshamisa yemireniyumu tsika yechivanhu yaigara munzvimbo yakakura yeMexico, iyo ine zita rayo uye ine akasiyana uye yakanyanyisa nzvimbo yakasarudzika ichiri kuchengetedza runako rwekare. Kusangana ne Nzvimbo yeMixtec tsika! Usazvipotsa!
Nzvimbo yeMixtec tsika
VaMixtec raive boka rekuzvarwa iro rakagara muOaxaca, kunyanya nzvimbo yekumadokero nenzvimbo dzePuebla neGuerrero, kuMexico. Nekudaro, nzvimbo yavo huru yekugara iri mudunhu reOaxaca kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMexico.
Nharaunda yeMixtec kunyangwe ichitenderedza matunhu matatu, kumadokero kweOaxaca nenzvimbo dzakavakidzana dzeGuerrero nePuebla, mazhinji edunhu iri ari munzvimbo yakakura yeSierra Madre de Oaxaca, yakaparadzaniswa nepakati penzvimbo dzakakwirira dzenyika yeMexico nerwizi Rafts.
MaMixtecs aimiririra rimwe remapoka akakosha muMesoamerica, ane mukurumbira nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo mune dzimwe hunyanzvi uye mhizha, senge simbi yesimbi, kugadzira zvidimbu zvakanakisa uye zvinoshamisa zvezvishongo, izvo mumakeramiki, zvakamira kunze kugadzira midziyo yakashongedzwa yakaisvonaka.
Ruzivo rwuripo pamusoro penhoroondo yeMixtec munhu anobva mukuchera matongo, nhoroondo dzeSpanish panguva yekukunda uye pre-Columbian makodhi anochengeta mareferenzi eMixtec madzimambo nevanokudzwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Nezvakavanzika zvikuru zvakapoteredza tsika iyi inofadza.
Nzvimbo yeMixtec
Nzvimbo iyo tsika iyi yakavambwa uye yakagadziridzwa inozivikanwa seMixteca yakakura, iri nzvimbo yakakura yenzvimbo, uko kune matombo uye makomo marefu, mipata yakamanikana, hova, makoronga uye hova zvinowanzoitika. Dunhu rakakamurwa kuita matunhu makuru matatu, anoti:
- Mixteca Alta: ine kukwirira pamusoro pegungwa kunosiyana pakati pe2500 ne2000 metres kana 8200 kusvika 6500 tsoka.
- Mixteca Baja: nzvimbo iri pakati pe1700 ne1500 metres kana 5600 kusvika 5000 tsoka.
- Mixteca de la Costa kana Costa Mixteca: Inowanikwa pamhenderekedzo yePacific.
Yakanga ichiratidzwa neyakaoma geography yakaita kuti kutaurirana kunetse pakati pemitezo yetsika imwe chete, ichi chingave chiri chikonzero chekuvapo kwemitauro yakasiyana-siyana mukati meMixtec mutauro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune angangoita gumi nemaviri akasiyana mitauro yeMixtec.
Mamiriro enzvimbo yedunhu anokanganisa mune zvakawanda, semuenzaniso, mabasa ekurima. Kurima kwaiitwa nevanhu veMixtec kubva kure, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kubva pagore 1500 Kristu asati asvika uye akaganhurirwa zvakanyanya nerudzi rwenyika.
Nyika yakanaka kwazvo iri mumipata yemakomo, inoratidzwa nekutetepa uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda yemahombekombe. Nekudaro, munzvimbo dzese dzakakohwewa uye dzakagadzirwa, saka matunhu matatu eMixteca Alta, Mixteca Baja neMixteca de la Costa akachinjana zvigadzirwa.
Somuenzaniso, cocoa, donje, munyu, zvinhu zvakaunzwa kunze kwenyika, uye mhuka dzedzimwe nyika dzakabva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, nepo chibage, bhinzi, mhiripiri, simbi, uye matombo anokosha zvakabva munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemakomo.
Mixtec centers
Nzvimbo dzekutanga dzeMixtec dzaive tudiki turi pedyo nenzvimbo yekurima inobereka zvibereko. Makore angangoita zana mushure meNondo Sere dzabatanidza Tilantongo neTututepec, vaMixtec vakawedzera simba ravo nenzvimbo muMupata weOaxaca, dunhu rakanga ragara riri simba reZapotec.
Izvi zvinogumiswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nokuti muna 1932, Alfonso Caso, nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo yomunyika ino, akawanikwa muMonte Albán, nzvimbo ine guta guru reZapotec, masara evakuru veMixtec muguva, vachiverenga kuti vanobva. muzana remakore regumi nemana neregumi neshanu.
Iyo yakavharirwa yaive kuratidzwa kwetarenda remhizha, yaive nezvipo zvakakosha, zvinosanganisira goridhe nesirivha zvishongo, midziyo yakashongedzwa zvine hungwaru, makorari, akavezwa mapfupa ejaguar, nezvimwe.
Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekare-pre-Hispanic era, Mixtec yakanamatira kuumambo hweAztec, ichipindura uye kukudza mutungamiri uye ishe wevanhu vakawanda. Vakamupa zvimedu zvinokosha uye zvemaoresa zvikuru zvendarama, sirivha nezvimwe simbi, zvakashongedzwa namabwe anokosha, zvikurukuru eturquoise.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvidimbu zvakawanda zveMixtec zvakawanikwa mune yaimbova nzvimbo yeAztec, somuenzaniso, muTemberi huru yeTenochtitlan uye kwete nokuti nzvimbo yeMixtec tsika yakawedzerwa kune iyo nzvimbo.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi, usamirire kuti utarise zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinongedzo pane ino blog: