ari vamwari vengano dzechiRoman ivo chibereko chetsika dzakapfuma uye dzakaoma, dzinowanzokumbirwa nemhemberero huru, apo zvibayiro zvaipiwa, kuitira kuti vanhu vagamuchire kunaka kunopiwa nevamwari ava, maererano nemasimba avo uye zvikumbiro zvevagari vemo.
nezvengano
Mythology muunganidzwa wengano dzakabatana neimwe nzanga kana kutenda. Naizvozvo, kunotaurwa kuti Roma yekare nenzira isingarambwi yakanga iri tsika, ine ngano dzakaoma kunzwisisa, zhinjisa dzayo dzakagarwa nhaka kubva kuvatangiri vayo, vaGiriki.
Kusanganiswa kwetsika uku kwakashandiswa kutsanangura uye kubata vanamwari nehuzivi hwaitonga ruzivo nemaitiro evanhu veRoma panguva iyoyo.
Nenzira iyi, nhamba huru yevamwari veRoma uye zvinyorwa zvengano zvinozivikanwa, zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezviya zvine hukama nevamwari vechiGiriki, zvakabatanidzwa mutsika dzeRoma, mune zvinhu zvinosanganisira: mabhuku, unyanzvi, hupenyu hwechitendero, ngano uye iconography. Iwe unogona zvakare kuziva vamwari veBuddhism, kunyange kwenguva ino tichikukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe nerondedzero yeaya mavara echiRoma anoshamisa.
Vanamwari vakuru vengano dzechiRoma
Pamabviro ayo, ngano dzechiRoma dzakabva mukubatanidzwa kwemifungo nengano, munzanga dzakasiyana dzakaumba Roma yekare. Nyaya dzekutanga pamusoro pevamwari veRoma vanoudzwa kuti vaibata nenyaya dzine chekuita nedzidziso dzenhoroondo nezve hwaro hwavo uye kubatana sevanhu. Vamwari gumi nevaviri vakuru vengano dzechiRoma ndivo:
Jupita
Ndiye akaenzana nemwari wechiGiriki Zeus, aive mwanakomana waSaturn naOps. Anozivikanwa saMwari wedenga, chiedza nemhepo uye nezviitiko zvose zvechisikigo zvaiva nechokuita naye, ari mabasa ake: mvura, dutu nemabhanan'ana. Anowanzomiririrwa nemufananidzo wetsvimbo, kutinhira kana gondo.
Aizivikanwawo nekuve Baba veVamwari vese, pamwe nemurindi wemutemo, kururamisira uye chokwadi.
Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti, pashure pokunge aponeswa naamai vake, mwarikadzi Ops, uyo akanga amuvanza pachitsuwa cheKrete, akapidigura baba vake mukutsiva nokuda kwokuparadza vakoma vake, nokudaro ndokusvika pachigaro choumambo. Nekureva, tembere huru yakatsaurirwa kuna Jupiter yakavakwa paCapitoline Hill: iyo "Temberi yeJupiter Optimus Maximus", inotangira munenge muna 509 BC.
Juno
Ndiye akaenzana nehumwari hwaHera muGreece, hanzvadzi uye zvakare mukadzi wamwari Jupiter, saka mwanasikana waSaturn. Aizivikanwa samambokadzi wevamwari vengano dzechiRoma uye mudziviriri wewanano, humai uye imba.
Mufananidzo wake wemumiririri unomuratidza pachigaro, ane korona uye tsvimbo yegoridhe. Juno aivewo amai vaMars naVulcan uye pamwe chete naJupiter, aive mukuru wevaRoma, chikamu chevatatu uye aitora Amai Mwarikadzi.
Volcano
Mumwe wake muGreece aiva Hephaestus, ndiye mwari wemoto, makomo anoputika, moto uye mutema. Mwanakomana waJupiter naJuno, uyewo murume waVenus, akanga asina kutendeka kwaari neMars; anoratidzwa semurume akwegura, akaremara, asina kukwezva.
Zviratidzo zvake inyundo nenyundo. Ngano iyi inoti paakazvarwa akaremara, Jupiter akamudonhedza kubva kumusoro kwedenga uye paakarova pasi, akatyoka gumbo.
Kurangarira Mwari Vulcan, Vulcanalia yakaitwa, mutambo wakaitwa musi waAugust 23, nezvibayiro zvehove nemhuka duku zvikuru, zvichikandwa mumwoto. Unoziva here kuti ndeipi Mesh Moto Mwari? Unogona kuisa chinongedzo kana iwe uchida kuzviwana.
Diana
Artemis mungano yechiGiriki, aizivikanwa samwarikadzi wekuvhima, uroyi, mwedzi uye kuwirirana, uyewo kuva muchengeti wenzizi nezvitubu. Aive mwanasikana waJupiter naLatona, zvakare mapatya hanzvadzi yaPhoebus.
Ngano inotaura kuti Jupiter akapa Diana chishuwo chekuramba akachena uye kusamboroora, nenzira yekuti mwarikadzi uyu akakumbirwa nemhandara vakadzi vaida kuzvidzivirira kubva mukushungurudzwa kwepabonde.
Diana akanga ari mufananidzo wepedyo wechisikigo nemunhu nenyika, kunyange zvazvo akazova Mwarikadzi wemwedzi; chitendero chake chairatidza kuchena.
Febo
Ndiye akaenzana namwari wechiGiriki Apollo, mwanakomana waJupiter uye mukoma waDiana. Nokudaro, runako, mifananidzo, nhetembo, uporofita nemishonga pamwe chete nembira, uta nomuseve wake zvinomumirira. Mufananidzo wake ndewemurume ane simba, wechidiki, asina kupfeka.
Minerva
Mutsara wechiGiriki Athena. Guardian weRome, anozivikanwa samwarikadzi wezivo nesainzi, pamwe nemuchengeti wemusande wemhizha. Ndiye mwanasikana waMwari Jupiter naMetis. Anoonekwa semumwe wevamwari vatatu vekutanga vepantheon. Ngowani, nhoo, pfumo, muorivhi nezizi zvinoratidzira mufananidzo wake.
Zvinonzi aive shamwari uye ruoko rwerudyi rwaishe wake baba Jupiter, saka sarudzo dzese dzehupenyu hwake dzaive dzekuzadzisa kuda kwake.
Maererano nezvivezwa kana mifananidzo yenguva iyoyo, mwarikadzi Minerva ane chimiro chakareruka, hukuru hwakawanda, ushingi, njere uye ukuru; mufananidzo wake ndewemurwi ane ngowani nenhoo muruoko, anowanzoonekwa akamira.
Venus
Aphrodite muGreece ndiye mwarikadzi werudo, rudo, kubereka, kunaka uye bonde. Mwanasikana waUranus uye mudzimai waVulcan, uyo akanga asina kutendeka kwaari naMars, Adonis naAnchises. Mwanakomana wake Cupid.
Vanoimiririra: njiva, bakatwa, goko regungwa neapuro rekupokana. Mukuwedzera, chimiro chake chinoratidza eroticism.
Zvinonzi kukwezva kwake kwakaita kuti vamwari vakawanda vengano dzeRoma vade kumutora, kusanganisira Jupiter, asi Venus akavaramba, ndokusaka uyu akamuranga ndokumuita mudzimai waVulcan.
Pluto
Mufananidzo unomiririra mungano dzeRoma uye muenzanisi weHadhesi yechiGiriki, aive mwanakomana waSaturn naOps, uye saka mukoma waJupiter naNeptune. Pamusoro pazvo, akanga ari murume waProserpina.
Kwairatidzirwa nokuva mwari anosanozivikanwa wepasi, vakafa nehero, achimirira rufu, ndokusaka pamariro, aikumbirwa kupa rugare kumufi.
Neptune
Akanga ari mufananidzi woumwari waPoseidon muGreece. mwari wemakungwa, namabhiza, nokudengenyeka kwenyika; chinomiririra mabhiza matatu nemachena. Akanga ari dangwe raSaturn uye Ops, saka mukoma waJupiter.
Nyaya yakapoteredza Neptune inotaura kuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvegungwa zvaiva nechikwereti kwaari uye nokuda kweizvi akakumbirwa nevabati vehove nevafambisi vezvikepe, kuti avape kubata kwakanaka uye kudzikamisa makungwa.
Ngano inotsanangura kuti Neptune akabata pasi pegungwa, achitora senzvimbo yake yekugara. Ipapo akaumba ushe nenhare huru; norutatu rwake akaumba mafungu egungwa uye akasika matsime anoyerera paaida. Paakatsamwa, aikwanisa kuunza kudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru uye kunoparadza.
Marte
Inonzi muGreece, Ares, inoonekwa semwari wehondo, hondo, matambudziko, ushingi uye vanhu. Mumufananidzo wake, anoratidzwa semurwi ane bakatwa, nhoo nepfumo.
Anonzi ane simba rekudzivirira uto kubva kune vavanokwikwidzana naye uye kuritungamirira mukukunda ndokusaka rakakumbirwa nemasoja nevarwi. Kapoka yake inobatanidzwa nekutenda kuti aidzivirira vechidiki kupfuura zvese, pavakasangana nematambudziko kana kupokana.
Mercury
Anozivikanwa saMercurius, ndiye akaenzana naHermes, mungano yechiGiriki. Akanga ari mumwe wavamwari vokupedzisira kugamuchirwa samwari. Akanga ari mwanakomana waJupiter naMaya, anozivikanwa nePegasus, Caduceus uye shangu dzine mapapiro.
Aiva mwari wezvokutengeserana, muchengeti wevafambi uye aivatungamirira panzira dzavo. Zvinosimbiswa kuti vatengesi vakamukumbira kuti vawane mari yakawanda mumabhizinesi avo.
Akarangarirwa mumutambo unozivikanwa seMercuralia, ungangoita waMay 15.
Bacchus
Mungano dzechiGiriki, ndiDionysus, ave achionekwa semwari wewaini nekutamba, pamwe nekuve anokurudzira delirium uye ecstasy. Ave achifananidzirwawo sejaya rinoyevedza, kazhinji kacho akabata bhodhoro rewaini kana sumbu ramazambiringa. Akanga ari mwanakomana waJupita uye mukadzi wemunhu ainzi Semele.
Bacchus akakumbirwa kuti awedzere goho remazambiringa uye nekudaro awane waini yakanaka, zvakanziwo airemekedzwa kupfuura zvese nevakadzi vaiimba, vainwa uye vakaita zvepabonde muzita rake panguva yechitendero chake, nekuda kweizvi, unzenza uye unzenza zviri. zvakanzi kwaari hunhu hwakanaka.
Vamwe vanamwari veRoman Mythology
Ngano dzeRoma, pamavambo ayo, yakanga iri tsika yakarerwa, asi yakanga isina kutsinhirana mumavambo evamwari vayo nezvitendero zvavo, ndokusaka vairatidzika semuunganidzwa wengano dzakaparadzana zvishoma uye pasina kupfuurira.
Nokufamba kwenguva, ngano dzekare dzeRoma dzakashanduka-shanduka uye dzakafuridzirwa nedzimwe pfungwa, zvikurukuru ngano dzechiGiriki, kuti dzienderane nouzivi hwavo hwokutenda.
Nenzira yekuti imwe nhoroondo yakaoma uye ine nuances yenhoroondo yevamwari yakaumbwa, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nekutambwa kwemhando mbiri dzevamwari, the toti indigetes and the novensiles.
Tevere, iwe unozokwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwevamwari vengano dzechiRoma mumapoka avo maviri, kunyangwe vasingaonekwe seakanyanya, asi kukosha kwenhoroondo kuvanhu veRoma:
Saturn: baba vaJupiter uye murume weOps, anozivikanwa samwari wekurima uye goho. Anomiririrwa semurume akwegura, kazhinji akakotama, ane ndebvu dzakawanda, uye jeko muruoko rwake rworuboshwe. Mukukudza mwari uyu, "Los Saturnales" yakaitwa, mutambo, wakaitwa munenge muna Zvita 17 kusvika 24.
Ngano yake inoratidza kuti Saturn aiva mwanakomana muduku uye naizvozvo haafaniri kutonga, panzvimbo iyo mambo aizova Titan, asi wekupedzisira akapa Saturn mvumo yekutonga, chero bedzi asina kurera vana.
Mupfungwa iyi, Saturn akazadzisa chipikirwa; zvisinei, nokuroora Ops akatanga kubereka vana vakawanda, asi nokuda kwemhiko yaakanga aita kumukoma wake, akasarudza kuvadya.
Hercules: Ndiwo mufananidzo wamwari, mwanakomana waJupiter naAlcmene, wakaenzana naHeracles mungano dzechiGiriki. Chitendero chake chinokoshesa mabasa makuru gumi nemaviri kana mabasa aakaita, izvo zvakamutungamira kune humwari.
Chokwadi: rinoenderana nezita rechokwadi ramwarikadzi wezvokwadi mungano dzekare dzeRoma, anozivikanwa nokuva mwanasikana waSaturn (mwari wenguva iyoyo) uyewo amai vaVirtus, avo vaimiririra kunaka.
Cupid: Anonzi mwari werudo, dzimwe dudziro dzinoti iye mwanakomana waVenus (mwarikadzi werudo, kubereka uye zvepabonde) uye Mars (mwari wehondo nehondo). Anoratidzwa semukomana ane mapapiro, maziso akavharwa uye museve. Ndiyo yakaenzana nechiGiriki Eros.
Makorokoto: Achirangarirwa kuva mwarikadzi webudiriro mungano yeRoma, akanga ari chiratidzo chemhanza yakanaka nebudiriro zvine chokuita nepfuma nemhanza. Yakanga iine hukama hwakanaka nekutenda uye yakaonekwa patemberi nemari, uye kunyange vafambisi vezvikepe nevafambisi vezvikepe vakaikumbira nokuti, mumaonero avo, yakavabatsira kufamba zvakanaka.
Roma: mwarikadzi airatidzira guta rose reRoma, aisiyaniswa nokupfeka rokwe refu nengowani; mufananidzo wake ndewomukadzi akagara panzvimbo yakafanana neAthena yechiGiriki.
Earth Mater: zita ramwarikadzi wechiRoma wePasi. VaRoma vaimukumbira kuti awane zvirimwa zvine utano uye adzivise njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga; inomiririrwa nemasumbu emaruva kana michero.
Chengetedzo: ndiye aive mucherechedzo wekugara zvakanaka kwemunhu nerugare, aive mwana waDisciplina hanzvadzi dzake dzaive Humanitas, Frugalitas naAuctoritas.
Nerio: Mukutenda kweRoma yekare, akanga ari mwarikadzi wehondo uye chiratidzo choushingi, akabatanidzwa namwarikadzi Minerva.
Faustites: Aiva nebasa rekuchengetedza mombe nemombe.Nyano dzinoti akafamba naCeres muminda yekurima kuti vachengetedze mbereko uye kuti vagokohwa zvinobudirira.
Ceres: Ndiyo chiratidzo cheRoma chemwarikadzi wekurima, ngano yake inotaura kuti akadzidzisa varimi zvakavanzika zvekudyara nekushanda ivhu, pamwe nemafuro nekugadzira chingwa.
Kupfeka: zvinoreva moto uye manzwiro. Mwarikadzi wechoto sechinhu chitsvene; chimiro chayo uye vabereki vayo havana chokwadi.
Fortune: mumavambo ekutenda kweRoma yaimiririra kusamira zvakanaka kwehupenyu uye gare gare yakava mufananidzo werombo rakanaka.
Kukunda: Yaimiririra kubudirira kwakaitwa nemasoja pakurwisa vavengi, muzita rayo maforamu makuru emauto akaitwa.
The indigetes uye novensides
Kubva pakutanga kwenguva, ngano dzinonakidza dzave dziri chikamu chenhoroondo yepasi rose pamwe nengano. Saka nzanga dzakatorwa moyo nezvinhu izvi, sezvakaita nyaya yengano dzechiRoma. Ichi chaive chibereko chekusangana kwepfungwa uye kuwanda kwetsika dzakaumba dunhu reRoma yekare.
Vamwari vengano dzeRoma vainamatwa kutozosvikira kutenda kwechiJudha nechiKristu kwavapo. Aya ndiwo maitiro avakaita midzi yavo mukati menhoroondo yavo uye nzanga yavo, zvisinei, mupesvedzero yedzimwe ngano, dzakadai sechiGiriki neveFenikiya.
Nenzira iyi, kutenda kwechiRoma kwakabva vamwari vavo, kwakanangana nenhevedzano yemisimboti yemasimba masimba yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva, pavakatora nyika uye vakabatanidza zvitendero zvebhaibheri kana zvemweya zvetsika dzakakundwa.
Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo nyaya dzekutanga dzevamwari vengano dzechiRoma dzakataura pamusoro pezvose kune tsika dzenhoroondo nezve hwaro hwavo uye kubatanidzwa sevanhu.
Mitambo yeRoma yekare yainyatsosiyanisa mapoka maviri evamwari vepakutanga kubva kuhurumende yeRoma: The toti indigetes, vane zita uye kuvapo kwaitaurwa nemazita evapristi vekare uye nemitambo yepakarenda.
Ava vamwari di indigetes vanoratidza kuti vanhu veRoma nebudiriro yavo havana kungozvipira kudyara chete, asi vaiwanzoshongedzerwa hondo kana hondo. Vaiva navanamwari vezvinodikanwa zvose zvavose zvokuvapo, nemiitiro ine chokuita nemiitiro yakasiyana-siyana yaiitwa nenzanga yeRoma.
Kune rimwe divi, kune ninsides, avo vaive vamwari vakazove vanamwari vakasimudzirwa kuguta, munguva yenhoroondo, kazhinji pazuva rinozivikanwa uye iro raienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva iyoyo.
Kuwedzera kuma<em>di indigetes, vanamwari vekare veRoma vaisanganisira vainzi vanamwari vanokosha vane mazita aishevedzwa pavaiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, akadai sokurima. Ava vamwari vanogona kunyorwa pasi peshoko rinozivikanwa revabatsiri, kana vamwari vanobatsira, vanokumbirwa pamwe chete nevamwari vakuru.
Mune rumwe rutivi, kune vamwari vokumwe vakasikwa nenyika itsva dzakatorwa nevaRoma, sezvo nepepuko dzazvino uno dzaizivikanwa, vamwe vamwari vakauyawo kuzonamata uye vakakurumidza kugamuchirwa navo.
Kana iwe wakafarira zviri mukati meiyi post; Tinokukoka iwe neushamwari kuti unakirwe nemisoro inotevera inofadza: