La biography yaAgustin de Iturbide nhoroondo yekuti aive musoja uye wezvematongerwo enyika anobva kuMexico, aive chikamu chehondo yekuMexico yekuzvitonga. Nekudaro, aive nemafungiro akasiyana eBumbiro reCadiz.
Biography yaAgustin de Iturbide
La biography yaAgustin de Iturbide inotiudza kuti akaberekwa munaGunyana 27, 1783 muPadilla Tamaulipas muMexico. Akakura semutoja uye akasimudzira mune zvematongerwo enyika muMexico.
Yakanga iri chikamu chenguva yekutanga yeHondo yeMexico yeKuzvitonga. Mukuita izvi, ndiye aitungamirira mauto ehumambo, nechinangwa chekupedza vapanduki.
Kune rumwe rutivi, akaita semutungamiri muhurukuro ye triennium muSpain, nechinangwa chekurwisana naVicente Guerrero, uyo akanga ari munhu akashanda semutungamiri wevapanduki muSierra Madre del Sur.
Panguva imwecheteyo, inomira pachena nekuve nemazano anopesana zvachose neaive akaiswa muBumbiro reCádiz. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti aonane nevapanduki panyaya dzaipikisana nebumbiro iri.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, yakaziviswa muChirongwa cheIguala munaFebruary 24, 1821. Uyewo mukati mehupenyu hweAgustín de Iturbide, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti muna August wegore iroro Chibvumirano cheCórdoba chakasainwa, kwaAkapinda se. uyewo Juan O Donojú. Mushure meizvi ndipo panowanikwa rusununguko, chaizvo musi waGunyana 27 wegore iroro.
hurumende inochengetedza
Zvinoenderana nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, ndiye akatonga hutongi hwehurumende yekutanga aine chinzvimbo chenguva muMexico. Pashure paikoko, pana May 18, 1822, boka revatorwa rakamuzivisa samambo. Mushure meizvi, muna Chivabvu 19 wegore rimwe chetero, Congress inosarudza kumugadza zviri pamutemo, ichiendesa mari yakasarudzika. Pakupedzisira, mwedzi miviri gare gare, akanzi Agustín I.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti muna Zvita 1822 mafambiro evapanduki akarongwa kuburikidza neinonzi Veracruz Plan, yakatungamirwa naAntonio López de Santa Anna. Hunhu hwaive neinsurgent republican kune avo vehutongi hwehumambo.
Muna Kukadzi wegore rinotevera, kusaina kweCasa Mata Plan kunoitwa, izvi zvakaita kuti maRepublicans nemaBourbonists vabatane nechinangwa chekukunda kutonga kwaAgustín de Iturbide.
Pashure pemamiriro ezvinhu ose akakonzerwa nevapanduki, anosarudza kudzokera kuEurope muna March wegore iroro. Kunyange zvazvo akanga asipo muMexico, Mexican Congress inosarudza kuisa Agustín I semutengesi; zvese izvi kubva paakasiya chinzvimbo chake achipesana nemirairo yedunhu reMexico. Neiyi nzira akanzi muvengi wevoruzhinji weMexico, achinyevera kuti hapana anofanira kumubetsera kudzokera kunyika.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akanga asingazivikanwi naAgustín de Iturbide, saka akadzokera kunharaunda yeMexico pana July 19, 1824, aine chinangwa chokuratidza hurumende kuti akanga achitsvaka kuronga zano rokukundazve ivhu reAztec.
Ndosaka paakasvika pachiteshi chengarava cheTamaulipas, akasungwa, kuti aurayiwe.
Anosara
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, muna 1838, zvakasarudzwa kutamisa masara ake kubva kuTamaulipas kuenda kuMexico City, nechinangwa chekumukudza muChapel yeSan Felipe de Jesús, kunyanya muMetropolitan Cathedral. . Iko pano kuti zvisaririra zvake zvino zvinogona kuonekwa mukati meurn yakagadzirwa negirazi.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zita rayo rakanangana nemureza wenzvimbo yeMexico. Pamusoro peizvi, Iturbide yaivewo chikamu chechikamu chemashoko ekutanga eNational Anthem yeMexico, kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, izvi zvakabviswa mugore ra1943.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kunyangwe aine maonero ake anopokana, saber yaakashandisa mumutambo weTrigarante Army iri mukati meCongress hall. Kukudza pamwe nezita rake pamwe chete nerevapanduki kuti Iturbide yaive nechinangwa chekurwa.
Kuzvimirira
Maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, akanga ari munhu anokosha, uyo aiva chikamu chekusununguka kweMexico. Ndicho chikonzero nei matanho akamuita kuti atore chikamu muchirongwa ichi chakaita kuti nharaunda yeMexico isunungurwe yakakurukurwa.
Biography yaAgustín de Iturbide yevana
La Biography yaAgustín de Iturbide yevana, inotiudza kuti murume uyu aive munhu akakosha munhoroondo yeMexico, akakura semurwi uye zvakare chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwake chakapedzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika zverudzi rwake. Usakanganwa kuzvizivisa nezvinyorwa zvakaita se Biography yaGuadalupe Victoria
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, akamira kunze kwekuti ndiye akarayira mauto eTrigarante Army, iyo yaakakwanisa kuwana rusununguko rwakakwana uye rusununguko kubva mumaoko eSpain enharaunda yeAztec. Kune rimwe divi, rinoratidza kukura kwake kwezvematongerwo enyika semambo wekutanga kutonga Mexico.
Nhoroondo yeAgustín de Iturbide inoratidza kuti chimiro ichi chakakosha zvikuru chakaberekerwa muValladolid muna 1783. Zvakare, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iye pachake akafira muPadilla munharaunda yeTamaulipas muna 1824.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti akanga ari mwanakomana webaba vakatamira kune imwe nyika kubva kuBasque, avo vaiva nemadzitateguru edzinza rakanaka. Zvakare, amai vake vaive mukadzi akanaka aive nekwaMichoacan.
Kubudirira mubiography yaAgustín de Iturbide
Pazera remakore 17, maererano nehupenyu hweAgustín de Iturbide, anosarudza kujoina mauto etsoka anoshanda muguta raakaberekerwa uye akakurira. Mushure meizvozvo, anoenderera mberi kuroora Ana María de Huarte pazera re22.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti nekuda kwechiuto chake, asati asimudzira zviito zvekuzvimirira, akashanda pasi pemurairo wevatungamiri veSpain. Munzvimbo iyi ndipo paanowana kukosha kwaanoita sezvo makore ake semusoja achipfuura. Anokwanisa kukunda kurwisa vapanduki vakawanda izvo zvinomutungamira kuti amire pakati pevamwe.
Muna 1813 Viceroy Félix María Calleja, nokuda kwebasa rake rakanaka, anosarudza kumugadza Colonel, izvo zvakaita kuti ave nehutungamiri hwemauto eCelaya. Mushure mekuita kwake kwakanaka muhofisi, anopihwa kutonga kwakazara kweGuanajuato, inova imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kutungamirwa nezviito zvekumukira.
The biography yaAgustín de Iturbide, kune rumwe rutivi, inoratidza kukunda kwakabatana nezvirongwa zvemutambi zvakarongwa kurwisa vapanduki. Zvakare, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti murume uyu akashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekubata vanhuwo zvavo zvisina kunaka.
Zvakatorondedzerwa munhoroondo yehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide kuti murume wacho akauya kuzosunga madzimai, vanaamai nevana vevanozviti vapanduki. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekunyengedza vapanduki.
Zvinonzi vakakurudzira kuti vaurayiwe nguva dzose, vachiitwa kune avo vaaifunga kuti vaifanirwa nezviito zvavo pamberi pehurumende. Kune rumwe rutivi, pakati pezvinhu zvakanaka, akapa tsigiro kumauto ake padzimwe nguva apo akanga asina kupiwa betsero dzezvemari.
Akamutsa kufarira kwevadziviriri mukutsvaga rusununguko uye aifarira dzidzo yevarwi vake.
Makore ekutanga semauto ehumambo
Vabereki vake vaiva José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arregui naMaría Josefa de Aramburú y Carrillo de Figueroa. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Aramburú yakabva kuOyarzun Guipúzcoa kuSpain.
Mumakore ake okutanga Agustín de Iturbide aive chikamu cheTridentine Seminary, aine chinangwa chekudzidza girama yechiLatin. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutaura kuti akasiya chikoro paakasvitsa makore gumi nemashanu. Zvose izvi nechinangwa chekushanda mukati mehutungamiri hwepurazi rababa vake.
Pakazosvika 1800, anosarudza kupinda muchiuto, achishanda semutungamiriri wehurumende yepurovhinzi yakaumba Valladolid. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti izvi zvakatungamirirwa neKuverenga Rul.
Saizvozvowo, Iturbide akaroora Ana María Josefa Huarte y Muñiz musi waFebruary 27, 1805. Musikana uyu aiva mwanasikana waIsidro Huarte, uyo aivawo nepeninsular Spanish mavambo. Pamusoro peizvi, tezvara vake vakazoita meya wedunhu iri. Kune rumwe rutivi, Ana María akanga ari muzukurusikana wavaMarquis veAltamira. Hunhu hwose uhwu hwemhuri hwakamuita kuti ave neroora rakanaka raakatenga naro purazi reApeo kuMaravatío.
dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika
Apo dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika ra1808 rakanga richiitika munharaunda yeMexico, Agustín de Iturbide akapesvedzerwa nebato rezvematongerwo enyika raitungamirirwa naGabriel de Yermo.
Ndiyo mushure meizvi kuti muna 1809 anosarudza kuva chikamu chekudzvinyirirwa kweKumukira kweValladolid. Bato iri raitungamirwa naJosé Mariano Michelena naJosé María García Obeso.
Pakazosvika Gumiguru 1810, panguva iyo kutonga kweValladolid kwaiitwa, Iturbide akasarudza kusave chikamu chechiitiko chekumukira nehunhu hwekuzvimiririra hunotungamirwa naMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla, zvisinei nekuti akange avimbiswa chinzvimbo chemukuru mukuru. .
Nekuda kwekukunda kwakanga kwaita vapanduki zvakanyanya, Agustín de Iturbide akasarudza kutamira kuMexico City. Mushure maizvozvi, anosarudza kuva chikamu chehondo yeMonte de las Cruces, kwaakatungamirirwa naTorcuato Trujillo.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti nekuda kwekuita kwake muhondo yeMonte de las Cruces, Iturbide yakapiwa naViceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas. Mushure meizvi, anopiwa zita remukuru wekambani yeHuichapan yeToluca battalion.
Zviito zviri pasi pechinzvimbo ichi zvakamira pachena pakumisa kumukirana kwakati wandei vachifarira kurwira rusununguko rweMexico, kunyangwe vamwe vasati vabereka zvibereko. Muna 1811, anopiwa murairo wekuenda kumaodzanyemba kwevhu reMexico.
Zvese nechinangwa chekurwisa vapanduki verusununguko vanotungamirwa naAlbino García Ramos, uyo mushure meizvi akakwanisa kutora. Panguva imwecheteyo, anorwa naRamón López Rayón, waanokunda paSalvatierra Bridge.
Zviito zvake zvakaita kuti agamuchire magwaro emapurisa. Chii chakamukurudzira kuti arambe achirwisana nemasangano ekuzvimirira, ari pasi pechinzvimbo chemukuru mukuru, mudunhu reGuanajuato.
kukunda uye kukundwa
Maiva muna 1815 apo Agustín de Iturbide akakwanisa kukunda José María Morelos. Nekudaro, mushure meizvozvo akakundwa naIgnacio López Rayón. Saizvozvo, kukunda kwakawanikwa kwakamubvumira kutora zita remukuru.
Kune rumwe rutivi, muprista weGuanajuato, uyo ainzi Antonio Labarrieta, anosarudza kupomera Agustín kuparadza uye nekuita monopolizing kutengeserana kwaiitika munharaunda. Kubva zvaakatora basa rekutengesa makushe, shuga, fodya nemafuta.
Kunyunyuta uku kwakatungamirira kune vamwe, izvo zvakaunzawo Viceroy Félix María Calleja kuti amubvise kubva pachigaro muna 1816. Pamusoro peizvi, akaenderera mberi achimupomera mhosva yekupamba uye zvakare kushandisa zvisina kunaka simba.
Mhosva idzi dzese dzakaregererwa kuburikidza nekupindira kwehumambo, asi akatadza kudzokera kukuraira kweGuanajuato. Zvakamuendesa kuMichoacán. Zvisinei, haana kugara kwenguva refu, sezvo pakasvika gore rakatevera racho, akanga atova muMexico City, nharaunda yaakanga ari mumumvuri kwenguva yakati.
Maererano nenhoroondo youpenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, panguva yaakakundwa muhondo yeCóporo, akachema kukundwa kwake naKaputeni Vicente Filisola, sezvo varwi vakawanda vakanga vafa.
Pamusoro peizvi, Iturbide yakaratidza kuti rusununguko rwenzvimbo rwaigona kuwanikwa nemaitiro asina hukasha. Sezvakanga zvakaita chibvumirano pakati pevapanduki nemauto amambo weSpain. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekunetsana kwakaitwa nevamwe, zvaive zvakafanira kubvisa vatungamiriri vevapanduki ivavo.
Kurangana
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kukunda kwakatungamirwa naRafael de Riego muSpain mugore ra1820, kwakabvumira zvinhu zvehurongwa hutsva kuti zviitwe muSpain. Pakati pezvakanakisa, maConservatives aitsvaga nzira yekudzivirira nhanho dzakasimba kuti dziitwe. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti mishandirapamwe itange nevatevedzeri veCortes yeguta guru reSpain.
Zvakare, mapato akasununguka akatsvaga nzira yekudzoreredza zvinhu zvebumbiro remutemo rakaitirwa 1812 muSpain. Zvese izvi mukutsvaga kuve nekutonga kwehutongi.
Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuvanoomerera kutsika avo vakanga vari rutivi rwehurumende yapamusoro uye vafundisi vatange kuita misangano muSan Felipe Neri Oratory. Vose vachitsvaka kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuvatambudza. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti vazhinji vadeedza misangano iyi kuti Kurangana kweVaporofiti.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kurangana uku kwaitungamirirwa naMatías de Monteagudo uye pakati pevatambi vakapinda mairi vaive vabatsiri mu coup d'état yakaitwa muMexico mushure mekunetsa kwezvematongerwo enyika munharaunda.
Zvizhinji zvaive zvirongwa zvaive chikamu chezviitiko zvakaitwa muSpain. Zvose izvi zviito zvakabvumira rusununguko rweNew Spain kuti ruwanikwe. Kuitira kugadzira humambo hwaizorairwa nemunhu wechiSpanish.
Kuita uku kunoda murume akakosha wechiuto aive nemafungiro akasarudzika. Izvi zvakabvumira Viceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca kusarudza Iturbide seMutungamiriri Mukuru aitungamirira kumaodzanyemba kwenharaunda.
Iturbide nebasa rake
Pakazosvika Mbudzi 9, 1829, mutevedzeri akakumbira Iturbide kutsiva Gabriel Armijo. Pashure paikoko, pana November 13 wegore rimwe chetero, nzvimbo yomutungamiriri yakagamuchidzwa zviri pamutemo kwaari.
Zvinokosha kutaura kuti imwe nguva gare gare, paakanga achienda kumaodzanyemba, akasiya nzvimbo yemutungamiriri. Izvi, nechinangwa chekuva brigadier uye kuva chikamu cheCelaya regiment zvakare.
Kune rumwe rutivi, maRiberals aida Juan Gómez Navarrete, akashanda semutevedzeri muCortes, kuti atungamirire Chirongwa cheIndependence muguta guru reSpain.
Kuita uku kwaitsvaga kuti ani nani aitungamirira nzvimbo yeMexico ave nhengo yemhuri yehumambo yeSpain. Zvinhu pazvaimuka, Iturbide aitofanira kuenda kumaodzanyemba nemasoja aaitungamirira. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekurwisa General Vicente Guerrero.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Vicente Guerrero akaita semutungamiri akazvimirira. Nekune rimwe divi, Iturbide yakatsvaga kunyengerera Guerrero, nechinangwa chekuti aende kudivi rake uye nekudaro akwanise kuita zano riri nani kurwisa muvengi.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuyananisa kwaive kwechido chakanaka kune avo vakasimukira kuburikidza nehunhu hwakasununguka, uye neavo vaiita sevanochengetedza.
Mushandirapamwe uchipokana naGuerrero naAscencio
Hutungamiri hweGeneral hweMaodzanyemba, hwakanangana nematunhu kubva kuTaxco, Iguala, kuenda kugungwa rePacific Ocean. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti uto rezvinangwa zvechokwadi raive nekutonga kwenzvimbo yekuchamhembe. Izvi zvakagoverwa kubva kuZacualpan, Cuernavaca neCuautla.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti nharaunda yekumadokero yaive pasi pekutungamirwa naColonel Ráfols uyezve nzvimbo yekumabvazuva yaive pasi pekutungamirwa naLieutenant Colonel Miota. Kune rimwe divi, uyo aidzora nzvimbo yeRwizi rweMezcala kusvika yapinda mugungwa, aive Juan Isidro Brown.
Vakasara vehondo vaitungamirirwa naArmijo, aibva kuAcapulco, Tixtla, Chilapa neTeloloapan. Kune rumwe rutivi, Pedro Ascencio akagadzira muAjuchitlán nemakomo eCoronilla.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mauto anotungamirwa naFrancisco Quintanilla akaiswa muGuerrero, akataura tarisiro shoma panyaya iyi yevatevedzeri vakanga vaenda kupeninsula, uye akadzokorora kuti motto yechikonzero chavo yaive rusununguko uye rusununguko. Akataura kuti akanga asingatyisidzirwi nemauto ehondo uye kuti zvose zvakanga zvisina chokuita nokuzvitonga zvaizonetsa munhandare yehondo.
Muna Ndira 25 wegore iroro, Pedro Ascencio akasarudza kugumisa mauto aitungamirirwa naColonel Ráfols. Izvi zvakaurayirwa munharaunda yeTotomaloya. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaita kuti mauto echokwadi aende akananga kuSultepec.
Mazuva akati gare gare, Francisco Antonio Berbejo, aive mutongi gava, akatora chigaro chekurwisa vapanduki. Izvi zvakaitwa munharaunda iri pedyo nenharaunda yeChichihualco.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mhedzisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu aya yakapera nevakakuvara kubva kune veumambo. Izvi zvakaita kuti mauto asara asarudze kutiza akananga kuguta reTeloloapan.
Mushure meizvi, Iturbide inosarudza kusangana naQuintanilla nechinangwa chekumupa matekiniki akaumba Chirongwa cheIguala. Izvi zvakabvumira Quintanilla, pamwe chete nevamwe vatungamiri vakadai saManuel Díaz de Lamadrid naJosé María González, kutsigira Agustín de Iturbide muhurongwa hwake.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Epitacio Sánchez, uyo akatungamirira mauto eFrontera evatasvi vemabhiza, akabatana nemasimba ane pfungwa chaidzo. Zvose izvi zvakakonzera kuti pakazosvika December 21 wegore iroro pakanga pane varume zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu mumauto eumambo.
miviri yechokwadi
KwaZvita 22, kuburikidza nekutungamira kwaColonel Carlos Moya, uto revarume vangangosvika mazana mana, vane basa rekumisa boka rinotungamirwa naVicente Guerrero, nechinangwa chekutora nyika dzeSierra de Jaliaca. Verenga zvishoma nezvezvinyorwa zvakadai Vana magamba
Zvakare, José Antonio de Echávarri akashandisa nzira dzaizoita kuti adzore mauto evapanduki aPedro Ascencio. Kune rimwe divi, mapoka maviri akashanda mukati meFort yeSan Diego, nechinangwa chekugumisa kutaurirana kwaivepo pakati pemapoka evapanduki.
Akanga ari Pedro Ascencio akakwanisa kukunda boka raitungamirirwa naAgustín de Iturbide munharaunda iri pedyo neTlatlaya pana December 28, 1820. Pakati pavarwi vakawa vemifungo yechokwadi pakanga pana José María González.
Nekuda kwerutsigiro rwaQuintanilla, Iturbide inokwanisa kuenda kuTeololapan, zvese kuitira kupa rubatsiro kumauto. Pashure paizvozvo, viceroy anosarudza kutumira 35000 pesos. Kune rimwe divi, bhishopi weGuadalajara Juan Ruiz de Cabañas anoenderera mberi nekutumira zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zvepesos.
Mushure memazuva mashanu ezviito zvakatorwa, muna Ndira 2, 1821, Guerrero akakwanisa kukunda mazana mana evarume vaive pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaCarlos Moya. Izvi zvakaitwa muhondo yeZapotepec, nharaunda iri pedyo neChilpancingo.
Maererano nenhoroondo yeupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, zviitiko zvose zvakamuka zvakaita kuti vanhu vanzwisise kuti vapanduki ndivo vaiva nesimba, sezvo vaiziva zviri nani nzvimbo yakaitika kurwisana kwacho.
Ndosaka afunga kugadzira hurongwa hunoziviswa kuna Vicente Guerrero kuburikidza netsamba inosvika muna Ndira 10, kwaanosimbisa chinangwa chekuva nemubatanidzwa wenguva pfupi.
insurgencies
Mutsamba yakatumirwa Guerrero Iturbide, akatsvaka kumuudza kuti vapanduki José Sixto Verduzco, Nicolás Bravo naIgnacio López Rayón vakanga vatosununguka zvachose.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoratidza kuti vatevedzeri veNew Spain vakanga vasarudza kuenda kuSpain nechinangwa chekuzivisa Congress yePeninsula kuti vaida kuti mumwe wevacheche atungamirire New Spain.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, akataura kuti aive nemauto anodiwa kuti amukunde uye ivo vaigonawo kumutumira varume vakatowanda nezvombo kuti vaumbe mauto. Zvese izvi zvakaita kuti Guerrero atore chikumbiro cheIturbide nekuchenjerera kukuru. Ndokusaka afunga kupindura muna Ndira 20, achisimbisa zvimwe zvekusununguka.
Akaratidza kusawirirana pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvakatorwa nevamiriri veAmerica muCortes yeCádiz, pamwe nezvakaitwa naViceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas nevapanduki.
Naizvozvo, nemuenzaniso uyu, Guerrero anotsvaga kuratidza kuti haatendi muzviito zvakatorwa nevatevedzeri. Izvi zvakasimbisa kuti chinangwa chake chakanga chakavakirwa zvikurukuru parusununguko norusununguko.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, akataura kuti uto guru remauto haringapedzi zvinangwa zvake. Saka zvese zvaisave mugwara rerusununguko zvaienda nazvo kunhandare yehondo, sezvo zvaizotsvaga kuzvipedza.
kurwisa kwemauto
Musi waNdira 25, 1821, Pedro Ascencio akaenderera mberi nekurwisa mauto aitungamirirwa naColonel Ráfols munharaunda yeTotomaloya. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaita kuti vamambo vapararire kusvika vasvika kuSultepec.
Yakanga iri Colonel yezvinangwa zvechokwadi Francisco Antonio Berdejo, anofunga kurwisa vamwe vapanduki munharaunda yeChichihualco. Zvisinei, nokuti vakanga vafa vangangosvika makumi mashanu, varwi vakasarudza kubuda.
Kumbundira kweAcatempan
Muna Kukadzi 4, Agustín de Iturbide anofunga kunyora tsamba yakanangidzirwa kuGuerrero zvakare. Mariri, anoti vasangane munzvimbo yeChilpancingo, nechinangwa chekuti vaite chibvumirano cherunyararo, chinosimudzira kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vekuMexico.
Ndiani akamiririra Iturbide paakatumira tsamba aive Antonio Mier y Villagómez. Musangano uyu wakaitirwa munzvimbo yeAcatempan. Vese Guerrero naIturbide vakaratidza nemauto. Zvisinei, kushandisa simba kwakanga kusiri madikanwa, sezvo vose vakaratidzira vamene zvakadzikama uye vakatombundirana nevavariro yokusimbisa rugare.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti maererano nezvinyorwa mu biography yaAgustín de Iturbide, José Figueroa ndiye aimiririra vapanduki. Kutenda kumusangano uyu kuti Guerrero afunga kuisa mauto ake kwaIturbide.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Manuel Díaz aive nebasa rekusangana naPedro Celestino Negrete, nechinangwa chekugamuchira rubatsiro rwake mukati menharaunda yaaitonga. Saizvozvovo, Francisco Quintanilla akaenda kuValladolid uye kuGuanajuato, aine chinangwa chekusangana naQuintanar, Anastasio Bustamante naLuis Cortázar vachitsvaga kubatana.
Mushure mezviitiko zvese izvi, Agustín de Iturbide anosarudza kusangana naMiguel Torres muSultepec. Kune rumwe rutivi, vatevedzeri veVeracruz vakasarudza kutamira kuSpain Congress, sezvo vakaziva nezvezvirongwa zvavanoda kurongwa neIturbide nevamwe vake. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaunza kusagadzikana uye kusavimbana.
Chirongwa cheIguala
Musi waFebruary 24, 1821, Chirongwa cheIguala chakatanga. Izvi zvakarongwa sehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwaive nemapoinzi makumi maviri nemana. Ikoko zvinhu zvine chekuita netsika dzechiKatorike zvakamira pachena, pamwe chete nemamiriro erusununguko.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kusunungurwa kwehurumende kweNew Spain kunoziviswa. Apo chimiro chakavakirwa pahurumende yehumambo chinotangwa pasi pehumwe hutongi, hwakavakirwa pabumbiro remutemo. Chigaro chakapihwa Fernando VII wekuSpain uye kunyangwe akaramba, inogona kunge iri nhengo yemhuri yake.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, neichi chimiro chehurumende, vavariro yakanga iri yokugadza rudzidziso rweKaturike setsika huru uye bedzi yorudzidziso inofanira kuitwa munyika. Izvo zvakaunza ne zero kushivirira kune mamwe marudzi ekunamata. Zvisinei, mambo aishuviwa kuva nesimba pamberi peimwe sangano ripi neripi.
Agustín de Iturbide anofunga kutumira tsamba kune mutevedzeri, kwaakatsvaga kuratidza vanhu vakakosha vaigadzira basa mukati meguta guru reMexico.
Nekune rimwe divi, Iturbide inoratidza kuti zvaikurudzirwa kuita Musangano weHurumende. Pamusoro peizvi, akasimbisa kuti haana kufunga kuti Fernando VII akakodzera zvakakwana kushandisa mabasa ake samambo. Ukuwo, akataura kuti kana mambo kana mumwe wemhuri yake akabvuma chigaro chehurumende, panofanira kuitwa bumbiro rine mwero.
Idzi gadziriro dzose dzakakarakadzwa dzakaziviswa nokuda kworutivi rwadzo nedonzo rokugadzazve simba resimba ravafundisi. Uko, mukuwedzera, hukuru hwaizodzorerwa, iyo pashure pezvinetso zvenguva dzose zvakanga zvabviswa mumitezo yeChechi yeKaturike.
bata chirongwa
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti maererano nehupenyu hweAgustín de Iturbide, Hondo yeTrigarante inofanira kugadzwa muchirongwa chakarongwa zviri pamutemo, icho chaitarisa pane zvechitendero, rusununguko uye kubatana kwevanhu veMexico. Izvi zvaiumbwa nevarume vakapinda mumapoka emauto eIturbide uye kunyange vamwe vapanduki.
Hondo iyi, zvishoma nezvishoma, yakawedzera mauto, nekuda kwekuti ruzhinji rwevatambi vane pfungwa chaidzo vakasarudza kuve chikamu chayo. Pakazosvika Kurume, Iturbide inosarudza kusangana naCelaya, uko kunoitwa misa uye mhiko yechitendero yekuteerera kuzere inoitwa. Izvo zvinozoita kuti pave nekufamba kwekuzvimirira.
Zvose izvi zviito zvakaita kuti Viceroy Apodaca abudise gwaro raasina kubvumira vanhu kuverenga chero chirongwa chakaziviswa nemutungamiri wevapanduki. Sezvo zvainzi zviito izvi zvaipesana neBumbiro reMitemo rakagadzwa mwedzi misere risati radhindwa.
Mumwedzi iwoyo, Dare reGuta reMexico, rinopfuurira kubudisa mashoko ane chokuita nokutendeka kunofanira kuitwa somugari wenyika idzodzo kuna mambo. Kuve nechitendero semugadziri wezviito izvi. Kuremekedza zvakare Bumbiro riri pamutemo rakanga raumbwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mavara eabsolutist mafungiro, avo vakanga vatora chikamu muChirongwa cheVaporofiti, vakanga vasina kunyanya kubvumirana nezvinangwa zvakasimbiswa muChirongwa cheIguala.
Izvi zvakaita kuti ma absolutists vafunge kupinda muzvirongwa zvakaitwa nehurumende. Zvose izvi, nechinangwa chokuti basa ravo raizopa masimba masimba mukana wekugumisa zviito izvo Iturbide aida kuita.
kunze kwekudzivirirwa
KwaKurume 14, mutevedzeri anofunga kuratidza kuti Agustín de Iturbide aive kunze kwenzvimbo dzakamusimbisa sedziviriro nemutemo. Mushure mezvose izvi, kuregererwa kwese kwakagamuchirwa, uko avo vose vachave chikamu cheIguala Plan vakawira. Zvese kuitira kuti vatangezve kuvimbika kunofanirwa kuve pamberi peBumbiro reMitemo namambo.
Zviito izvi zvakaita kuti paumbwe Hondo yeMaodzanyemba muguta guru reMexico, iro raive neboka revanhu zviuru zvishanu. Mumabviro ayo yakatungamirwa naPascual de Liñán uye zvakare Javier de Gabriel.
Gare gare José Gabriel de Armijo, ndiye akashandisa nhungamiro yoMukuru Mukuru weMaodzanyemba. Zvakare, mauto akabatanidzwa neuto rairairwa naFrancisco Hevia uye iro raInfante Carlos, aive chikamu chemauto eMuchinda. Juan Ráfols nemauto ake vakanyoreswawo muhurongwa uhu.
Triguarante Army Campaign
Zvinhu zvakatsanangura mauto akaumbwa nemafungiro echokwadi aive akatendeka kune viceroy aibatwa mukati menzvimbo yeNew Spain, hazvina kugutsa avo vaiumba Hondo yeVatatu Guarantees.
Mukati menharaunda yeMixteca, Samaniego aitungamirirwa, nepo muOaxaca maiva naManuel de Obeso. Kune rumwe rutivi, imwe yenzvimbo dzakatanhamara dzevhu reMexico yakanga iri San Luis Potosí, iyo Zarzosa yakanga ine mauto akavimbika kumurairo wake.
Saizvozvo, muPuebla nemamwe mapurovhinzi emukati ari kumabvazuva kwenyika, kutonga kwemauto kwakatorwa naJoaquín Arredondo. Matunhu ekumadokero aitungamirirwa naAlejo García Conde.
Ari mumatunhu akaita saDurango, mukoma waAlejo, Diego García Conde, akatora masimba emauto. Ese aya mapoka ekudzora aitsvaga kuchengetedza runyararo munyika.
Kutumira tsamba
KwaKurume 16 Agustín de Iturbide anoenderera mberi nekutumira mabhii maviri. Wokutanga aiva nechinangwa chekuratidza kuna Fernando VII zviitiko zvose zvakanga zvichiitika munharaunda, kunze kwekumukumbira kuti atore chigaro cheumambo nokukurumidza, kana akasarudza kubvuma nzvimbo.
Kune rimwe divi, mutsamba yechipiri yeIturbide, akatsvaga kuzivisa maCortes eSpanish mabviro ezvimwe zvinhu. Pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha, Iturbide yakaratidza tsitsi dzake shoma kuna Hidalgo. Pamwe chete nokuzvidza kwaaiita vapanduki nezviito zvaiziviswa navo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, akasimbisa kuti aive chikamu cheuto rakarongeka raive nechinangwa chekudzivirira rusununguko rwenzvimbo yeMexico zino nechipikiri. Nenzira imwecheteyo, akatyisidzira vatevedzeri, sezvo aisazobvumira zviito zvekuparadza kuti zvirongedzwe izvo zvaizobvisa zviito zverunyararo zveAmerica. Zvese nechinangwa chekuisa parutivi kurasikirwa kunogara kuripo kwehupenyu.
Mamiriro asina kunaka
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti mumazuva ekutanga, mamiriro ezvinhu umo Iturbide akazviwana akanga asina kunaka. Pamusoro pazvo. Francisco Rionda akatora kutonga zvakare muAcapulco. Nepo Vicente Marmolejo akatonga mauto ake muCuernavaca.
Kurwisa kwekutanga kwakaitwa naMárquez Donayo uyo akatungamirira mauto ake kuCuernavaca neTemixco. Chiito ichi chakaita kuti Agustín de Iturbide aite sarudzo yekubvisa mauto ake akananga kuTeloloapan.
Mukufarira kwake Celso de Iruela, aive chikamu chemauto akagadzirwa naCelaya, anosarudza kuve chikamu cheChirongwa cheIguala. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti Agustín de la Viña atizire muSan Carlos Fortress, achityira upenyu hwake.
Kune rimwe divi, José Joaquín de Herrera anofungawo kupinda muboka achida Iturbide. Iye akauya navarume mazana masere vaakanga anavo. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekurwisa takananga kuTepeyehualco neSan Juan de los Llanos.
shamwari itsva
Musi waKurume 23, muprista José Rincón anoenderera mberi kuenda kuJalapa. Chiito chake chinotorwa, nechinangwa chekudzora nzvimbo yeOrizaba. Mundima iyi, muprista anomhanyira kuna Antonio López de Santa Anna, uyo anoda kuti Rincón asasvike pachinangwa chake. Zvisinei, pashure pedzimwe nhamburiko, pana March 29 chinangwa chacho chakazadzikiswa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaunza kuti Santa Anna akafunga kujoinha zvinhu zvaida kududzirwa chaiko kweChirongwa cheIguala. Ukuwo, Nicolás Bravo, akanga ari mumwe wevapanduki, akanga asarudza kuramba kupiwa kwokutanga kwaiva nechokuita nechirongwa cheIturbide.
Sarudzo iyi yaive nekuda kwekuti mupanduki haana kuvimba nezviito izvo Iturbide aikwanisa kuita, nekuti zvinangwa zvake zvaipesana zvachose nezvake. Nekudaro, mushure memusangano naAntonio de Mier y Villagómez, akashanda semukuru weposvo muVilla Salamanca, akasvika pakuva nepfungwa inopesana nesangano iri. Zvakabuda nemubatsiri mutsva uyu zvakaunza mamwe mazana mashanu evarume vemauto, kunyanya kuChilpancingo neTixtla.
Iguala chirongwa process
Munharaunda yeEl Bajío, Anastasio Bustamante naLuis Cortázar vakatanga kuita zviito zvinodiwa kuti vanyatsoita Chirongwa cheIguala. Izvi zvakaita kuti vafambire mberi sechikwata kunzvimbo dzeSalvatierra, Celaya neGuanajuato.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Anastasio Bustamante anotsvaga kubvisa misoro yeHidalgo, Allende, Jiménez naAldama, sezvo izvi zvakaratidzwa muAlhóndiga de Granaditas, nenzira inosiririsa kubva mugore ra1811.
Mushure mechiitiko ichi, Querétaro pamwe nemadhiraoni eSierra Gorda, vanosarudza kujoina mauto. Chii chinovatungamira kuti vafambire mberi zviri nyore vakananga kuSalamanca, Irapuato, León, Silao neSan Miguel el Grande. Zvikaita kuti varwi vehondo vawedzere zviuru zvitanhatu.
Zvichiri kuitika izvi, pakupera kwaMarch Viceroy Apodaca akakumbira kuti mauto akanga achiumbwa aise parutivi chirongwa chakanga charongwa naAgustín de Iturbide. Kupa kanganwiro nenzira iyi kana vakapfidza zviito zvavo ndokupa kutendeka kuna mambo. Ichi chiito chakanga chisingabatsiri, sezvo zviito zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Juan Domínguez akabatana naMiguel Barragánen muArio, mukutsvaga kuita mabasa anodiwa aizoguma nokuzvimirira kwendima. Mamiriro ezvinhu anovakurudzira kuenda kuPátzcuaro.
Nekudaro, Vicente Filisola naJian José Codallos vanosarudzawo kutsigira rusununguko rwunodiwa naIturbide kuita pamwe nevabatsiri vake. Saka vachitanga rubatsiro rwavo kubva kunzvimbo yeTuzantla.
kutonga kwenzvimbo
Agustín de Iturbide, anoenda kuEl Bajío. Pamusoro peizvi, anoraira Echávarri naGuerrero kuti vaenderere mberi nekudzivirira nharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweMexico zino uye mbambo. Zvese izvi, nechinangwa chekudzoreredza kutonga kwenzvimbo yeAcapulco.
Izvi pazvaiitika, Ramón López Rayón akasarudza kubatana nemauto eIturbide. Zviitiko zvese zvinotungamira Iturbide kusangana neBustamante naCortázar muAcámbaro, mukutsvaga kugadzira zvirongwa zvitsva.
the realists
Aive Pascual de Liñan, akakwanisa kuchengetedza michero yemubatanidzwa, achibudirira kusvika papurazi reSan Antonio munaKurume. Mukutanga kwaKubvumbi, Márquez Donayo naGabriel de Armijo vakabudirira kuenda kuZacualpan, nechinangwa chekugumisa matunhu aPedro Ascencio.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutaura kuti mauto eumambo haana kuwana kukunda mumakomo eSultepec. Mushure meizvi, kurwisa kwechipiri kwakaitwa, iyo yakatungamirirwa naFrancisco Salazar, asi zvakare haina kuwana kubudirira kwaidiwa.
Ignacio Inclán anofunga kuzvizivisa achifarira mafambiro ekuzvimirira, saka anoenderera mberi kurwisa veumambo. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutaura kuti zviito zvake zvakaita kuti akundwe. José Joaquín de Herrera anopedzisa kutarisana neveumambo muCiriaco del Llano, uku zvese izvi zviri kuitika.
Zviito izvi zvakaita kuti vazhinji vehumambo vazvipe uye vave chikamu chemauto anotungamirwa naHerrera. Kune rumwe rutivi, Hevia anosarudza kutambudza Nicolás Bravo, sezvo ari iye akatungamirira mauto eHuejotzingo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaunza zano revakazvimiririra, vakanyepera kukundwa kwavo nechinangwa chekuti vavengi vaderedze kungwarira kwavo uye nokudaro vagokwanisa kupinda muPuebla. Zano racho rakabudirira.
Mushure mezvose izvi, mupanduki Guadalupe Victoria anosarudza kusangana naSanta Anna nemauto ake, nechinangwa chekutaura manifesto, yakananga kune vaaimbodzidza navo.
Hondo
Hevia anofunga kutumira varume zviuru zana nemazana mana, aine chinangwa chekupedzisa battalion yaJosé Joaquín de Herrera. Izvi zvakakurudzira Nicolás Bravo kuenda nenzira yeTepeaca, nechinangwa chekupa rutsigiro. Hondo iyi yakatora mazuva matatu uye mativi ose akakuvara vanhu vakawanda. Izvi zvakaita kuti vasarudze kusiya nhandare yehondo.
Pakazosvika Kubvumbi, Antonio López de Santa Anna akaenderera mberi achienda kuAlvarado, nechinangwa chekugumisa mauto akarairwa naJuan Bautista Topete, achiwana kukunda kuburikidza nemazano ake. Muchiito chemutsa, Santa Anna akapfuurira kurega Bautista Topete nemauto ake akanga asara achienda kuVeracruz.
Ukuwo pazvaiitika izvi Herrera aitambudzwa nemuvengi, mamiriro ezvinhu aya ndiwo akamumanikidza kuenda kwaive naHevia. Hondo iyi yakaita kuti Hevia aurawe. Kune rimwe divi, Blas del Catillo naLuna vanoenderera mberi nekutora chinzvimbo chaHevia. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kupera zvakanaka kwaari, sezvo Francisco de Llave naJosé Velázquez vakakwanisa kudzinga kurwisa kwake.
Mabasa ese echinzvimbo chemauto akaitwa neve realists, akaitika kusvika pakubudirira paMay 18. Kune rumwe rutivi, zuva rakatevera, Santa Anna, nerutsigiro rwevakazvimirira, anoputika munzvimbo yakakundwa nemauto anenge mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu. Nekudaro, Blas del Catillo inokwanisa kuramba kurwiswa.
Mushure mezviitiko izvi, vehumambo vanoenderera mberi nekukumbira runyararo. Asi izvi hazvina kutadzisa zuva iroro ravakavarwisa usiku. Hondo yakapera mambakwedza zuva rakatevera, vazhinji vakadonha mativi ose.
Triguarant Army
Musoro wekutanga weTrigarante Army anosarudza kuenda kuguta guru reNueva Galicia, nechinangwa chekusangana naJosé de la Cruz. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, Agustín de Iturbide, pamwe chete naBustamante, vanokumbirawo musangano, apo Pedro Celestino Negrete ari pakati pevanhu vanokosha.
José de la Cruz, mushure mekukurukurirana kwenguva refu, anosarudza kukurudzira kuti Viceroy agamuchire Chirongwa cheIguala. Pamusoro peizvi, anoratidza kune viceroy kuti kana chirongwa ichi chikagamuchirwa, mauto aizodzivirirwa nekukurumidza.
Mushure mekutumira ruzivo, anosarudza kuenda kuguta guru reMexico nechinangwa chekuparadzira pfungwa dzakarongwa naIturbide nevabatsiri vake. Nekudaro, haana kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka nemutevedzeri.
Nekudaro, mukuru weTrigarante Army, anoenderera mberi nekuunganidza varume vake aine chinangwa chekunanga kuPlaza de Valladolid. Mukutsvaga kuita kurwisa kwakanangana naQuintanar pamwe nemauto ake evarume 1645.
Mushure mezviitiko, maererano neIturbide's biography, akaenderera mberi kuzivisa Quintanar kuburikidza netsamba uye, zvakare, kuGuta reMaguta, pamusoro pekurasikirwa uye kuwedzera kwevateveri veChirongwa cheIguala. Izvi pakutanga zvakaparira zvinhu zvisina kunaka kune avo vaizvirangarira vamene vamene. Pasinei neizvi, vazhinji vakasiya panguva yekurwiswa, saka vakasarudza kupinda muchirongwa.
Pakati peakanyanya kusimba ndiJuan José Andrade anojoinha boka guru remadhiragoni kubva kuNueva Galicia. Izvi zvakakonzera zano rakakonzera kuti Quintanar asarudze kukanda mapfumo pasi, zvichikonzera kuti pasave nechombo chimwe chete chakadzingwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti chikamu chikuru chemauto chinosarudza kurega. Saizvozvowo, José Andrade anotsvaka kumiririra mauto akakomba. Zvose izvi zvakabvumira mauto kuti atenderere kunze kweguta pasina chero rudzi rwemhirizhonga. Nokudaro kuwana kukunda.
Kurwiswa kwezvimurenga zvitsva
José Antonio Magos anosarudza kuve chikamu cheChirongwa cheIguala. Ndiko mushure meizvi apo José María Novoa akaenderera mberi kuyedza kumisa iyi mipimo mitsva, achipesana nehurongwa hweIturbide. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akakonzera kufa kwevanhu vanosvika makumi matanhatu kubva kune veimeristas, izvo zvakakonzera kutiza kwevamwe.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Juan Álvarez akaramba achichengetedza kutonga kweAcapulco. Saizvozvowo, zvakare, Márquez Donayo anogamuchira mirairo kubva kune viceroy, umo anomuudza kuti anofanira kusangana naCristóbal Húber, sezvo ari iye ari kurwisana naPedro Ascencio.
Kunyange zvese izvi zvaiitika, munharaunda yeTetecala, battalion yehumambo yakakunda. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Pedro Ascencio ari muhondo anourayiwa. Musoro wake wakaratidzwa muchimiro chemukombe pamberi pevagari veCuernavaca.
Zviitiko izvi zvakaunza mufaro mukati mevagari veguta guru reMexico. Zvisinei, pakasvika June, vakasiya vakaramba vachioneka avo vaida kupinda mumapoka evatatu.
Mamiriro ese aya akaita kuti mutevedzeri wemukuru ataure mamiriro enjodzi. Kwaakarayira kuti varume vose vane makore ari pakati pe16 ne50 vanofanira kunyoresa kuti varwe nevapanduki.
Musi waChikumi 13, Pedro Celestino Negrete anofunga kujoinha mafambiro ekuzvimirira. Saizvozvo, José Antonio Andrade anoenderera mberi nekujoinha mafambiro akatevedzwa neIturbide nevabatsiri vake vane hukama nenharaunda yeMexico.
Izvi zviito zvakaita kuti vanhu vakaita saJosé de la Cruz vasarudze kusiya guta guru reMexico, nekutya kuedza kwehupenyu hwake. Vakananga kudunhu reZacatecas.
Iri muZacatecas iyo de la Cruz inova chikamu chemauto ehumambo anotungamirwa naHermenegildo Revueltas. Kune rimwe divi, kanzuru yechechi inosarudza kubatana neChirongwa cheIguala, nokudaro ichipa rutsigiro rwayo rwakakwana kuIturbide nevabatsiri vake. Izvi zvakaita kuti bhishopi mukuru aite misa muzita rerukundo rwaizouya.
battalion yakasanganiswa
Hondo yakasanganiswa yakanga iri muZacatecas yakanga iri pasi pemurairo waJosé María Borrego, uyo akazivisawo munzvimbo yenharaunda kukosha kwekuchengeta Chirongwa cheIguala chiri mhenyu. Kune rumwe rutivi, José de la Cruz anosarudza kutamira kuDurango, mukutsvaga kupa rubatsiro.
Varume vakasara vaida José de la Cruz vakasvika mundima yeDurango musi wa4 Chikunguru. Izvi zvakagamuchirwa zvakanaka naJuan Francisco Castañiza. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti uyu hunhu haana kufunga zvakanaka chirongwa icho Iturbide chaifanira kupa.
Zvakare, Negrete anosarudza kuenda kunharaunda yeAguascalientes, sezvo rusununguko rwakanga rwaparidzwa munharaunda. Kune rimwe divi, veumambo vaive muSan Juan del Río vakasarudza kusiya uye kuzvizivisa ivo vatsigiri veIturbide.
Izvi zvakaita kuti Novoa angove nevarume mazana mana vachifarira zvakaitwa nemutevedzeri. Mushure memamiriro ezvinhu aya Agustín de Iturbide, anosarudza kuenda kunzvimbo yacho neboka revanoperekedza. Vakarwiswa asi zvakashaya basa, sezvo varwi vacho vari ivo vakawana vakawanda vakakuvadzwa.
Dziviriro yakanangana naAgustín de Iturbide yakatungamirwa naMariano Paredes. Ndiyo mushure meizvi kuti anosarudza kumupa nhovo mukukudza kwezviito zvake nechirevo chakaratidza "makumi matatu nemazana mana". Izvi sezvo vaperekedzi veIturbida vaive makumi matatu.
Hurukuro
Mushure mezviitiko zvese izvi, Guadalupe Victoria anosarudza kusangana naAgustín de Iturbide, nechinangwa chekutaura nezvenyaya dzine chekuita nekuzvimirira.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Lucas Alamán, uyo akanga ari mupanduki, anosarudza kupa zano rokuzadzikwa kwehurumende yerepublic apo zviito zvaiitika munharaunda yacho hazvina kuziviswa kuna mambo.
Alamán anoratidza kuti mumwe munhu aifanira kuroora mukadzi wechirudzi cheGuatemala nechinangwa chekuti tsika dzese dzibatane uye nyika iudzwe sechinhu chimwe. Uyo akanga ane zvinhu zvakafanana zvikuru nezvakanga zvakumbirwa akanga ari Guadalupe Victoria.
Ukuwo, maererano naVicente Rocafuerte, Guadalupe Victoria, paakasangana neIturbide, akataura zvimwe zvine chokuita nePurogiramu yeIguala. Zvese nechinangwa chekugadzira nzira ye monarchy ine mwero maficha.
Aya maviri matsva masisitimu akaenderera mberi nekuchinja muChirongwa cheIguala, akatorwa nenzira yakaipa neIturbide. Naizvozvo, zvisinei nekuti pakange paine rubatsiro pakati pevatambi ava maererano nesangano rekuzvimirira, vaive vasina kuvimbana kwechokwadi pakati pavo.
mubatanidzwa wemasimba
Iturbide, achiona mafambiro ane chekuita neveumambo vaive vasiri kumufarira, anosarudza kutumira José Antonio de Echevárri, nechinangwa chekugumisa zvirongwa zvevanopikisa.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti pamberi pehondo iyi yehondo pane kubatana kwemauto naArlegui de Chichimequillas, Gaspar López de San Miguel el Grande naJuan José Codallos.
Mushure mezviito izvi, Echávarri anosarudza kubvunzurudza nevechokwadi vanopokana nemafungiro ake, kuitira kuti vawane zvinhu zvakafanana zvinovatungamirira kugoverana rugare.
Kunyange izvi zvakamuka, mauto matsva eboka retriguarantes akawedzerwa. Aya aitungamirwa naAnastasio Bustamante naJuan Domínguez y Moctezuma. Zviito zvavo zvakaita kuti vave nevarume vanenge zviuru gumi, vakaiswa muSan Luis de la Paz.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Luaces anosarudza kuvanza kwechinguva, mukutsvaga rubatsiro mukurwa. Zvisinei, akakundikana kuwana tsigiro ipi neipi, naizvozvo anosarudza kukanda mapfumo pasi. Agustín de Iturbide akabva aregererawo mitero yaikumbirwa nevanhu veko.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Vicente Filisola, achitevera mirairo, akananga kuValle de Toluca, nechinangwa chokuparadza nhare yakagadzwa naÁngel Díaz del Catillo, uyo aitoziva kuti aizokurumidza kusvika kuzomurwisa.
Ndiyo mushure meizvi apo Díaz anoenderera mberi kuenda kuguta guru reToluca, nechinangwa chekuenderera mberi nehondo. Izvo zvakakonzera kufa kwe300 kubva kune humambo ideology. Kune rumwe rutivi, varume gumi nevashanu vakaurayiwa ne triguarantes.
Masimba echokwadi uye kutyisidzira
Hondo yaitungamirirwa naAntonio López de Santa Anna yakanga yachengeta mauto aitungamirirwa naAgustín de la Viña asina kusimba. Nekudaro, aive Samaniego akagumisa masimba akaiswa naSanta Anna. Izvo zvinomuendesa kunohwanda nemauto ake kuLa Hoya.
Chiitiko ichi chinobvumira José Joaquín de Herrara naSanta Anna kuti vaenderere mberi nekusangana nechinangwa chekuona kuti Herrera pamwe nemauto ake vaizoenda kuPuebla, ukuwo Santa Anna achitsvaga kutamira kuVeracruz, kwavaizotora chikamu chemidziyo ye mauto ehumambo.
Ndichiri kuenda kuVeracruz Santa Anna aive nehondo yaive muSanta Bárbara. Kune rumwe rutivi, pakanga pane kurwisana naJosé Rincón nemauto ake. Izvi zvakaipisisa sezvo mushure memvura zhinji pfuti dzemauto dzakakuvadzwa.
Varume vaGarcía Dávila vakakonzera kurasikirwa kwakawanda nemauto aSanta Anna. Izvi zvakaita kuti Santa Anna atizire kuCórdoba, mukuwedzera kune izvozvo, akamisa zvinhu zvaisazobvumira varwi kuti vavadzingirire.
kukundwa chaiko
Kunyange zvazvo zviitiko zvakawedzera kukunda kwevatambi vakadzivirira Chirongwa cheIguala zvakasimudzwa, nhau dzine chokuita nekugara kuurayiwa kwemadzimambo eumambo dzakasvika kuguta guru reMexico, zvichikonzera kutsamwa kukuru muchikamu chevanhu.
Zvose izvi zvinotungamirirawo kumusangano apo munhu aizova mukuru weNew Spain anogadzwa. Kufunga mushure mekukurukurirana naJuan Ruiz de Apodaca. Kune rimwe divi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Francisco Javier Llamas naBlas del Castillo y Luna vakavharirwa kubva murusununguko rwavo pakutanga kwaChikunguru.
Kunyange izvi zvakasimudzwa nemauto aizviti Chirongwa cheIguala, vanosarudza kusangana nekukomberedza imba yevaviceregal. Aive mauto aLara, Llorente naFrancisco Buceli akapinda panzvimbo iyi. Ndipo pavakaona Apodaca mumusangano. Zvose izvi zvakaunza kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.
Campaign
Zviitiko zvose izvi pazvaiitika, Nicolás Bravo akaita mushandirapamwe wakaitika munharaunda yeZacatlán. Mauto aya akasimbiswa nevarume 4000.
Chinangwa mukuita mushandirapamwe uyu chaive chekudzora zvachose nharaunda yePuebla. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Ciriaco del Llano ndiye akadzivirira nzvimbo iyi. Kune rumwe rutivi, inofanira kutaurwa kuti muna July kurwiswa kwevatatu-guarantors kwakawanikwa. Vanhu vaive vawedzera mauto avo nekuda kwaJoaquín de Herrera.
Pakati pezvinhu zvakatanhamara zvakanga zvichiitika, kurukurirano dzaizounza rugare. Nekudaro, Epitacio Sánchez, aive nemafungiro echokwadi, anosarudza nemauto ake kunanga kuMartín Texmelucan.
Nekune rimwe divi, maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti aite sarudzo yekuraira kuenderera mberi kwemauto aizotsvaga kuenda kwaive naQuintanar neBustamante, kunharaunda yeguta guru reMexico, chinangwa chekukomberedza nzvimbo diki kusvika padiki.
Kukunda kweIturbide
Pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu, Agustín de Iturbide pamwe nevamwe vake vakawana kukunda munharaunda yePuebla. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kuNew Spain, nharaunda iyi ndiyo yaive yakakosha mushure meguta guru reMexico.
KuPuebla, Bhishopi Antonio Joaquín Pérez anogashira Iturbide nemauto ake nenzira yakanaka. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Bravo, Mier naHerrera havana kugamuchirwa nemufaro wakafanana naAgustín, sezvo rinenge basa rose rakaitwa rakanzi akaitwa.
Nicolás del Moral akarairwa naJoaquín Arredondo kuti asunge mubati wehomwe weMonterrey. Nekudaro, Nicolás anosarudza kusatevedzera mirairo yemambo uye anoenderera mberi kuve chikamu cheChirongwa cheIguala. Zviito izvi zvakaita kuti Arredondo anzwisise kuti aifanira kuzvipira kumasimba ekuzvimirira, izvo zvakaita kuti aende kuHavana.
insurgencies
Kune rumwe rutivi, munharaunda yeOaxaca, José María Sánchez anosarudza kurwisa nzvimbo yeTehuacán. Iyewo Pedro Miguel Monzón akaita zviito zvimwe chetezvo munharaunda yeTeotitlán.
Saizvozvowo, Antonio de León akaenderera mberi achiita chikamu cheIguala Plan. Nechikonzero ichi anofunga kuenda kunzvimbo yeHuajuapan. Imo munzvimbo ino yaanozvisimbisa aine zano rekuita kutaurirana naAntonio Aldao aine chinangwa chekuti aizojoinha Plan de Iguala movement.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mushure mehondo refu musi waChikunguru 30, mapoka e triguarante neMixtecos vakakwanisa kuzvisimbisa pasina dambudziko muguta reOaxaca. Mushure memamiriro ezvinhu aya, rusununguko rwakawanikwa mushure mekuziviswa kwakaitwa naNicolás Fernández del Campo.
Zvibvumirano zveCordoba
Apo Agustín de Iturbide akanga ari kuPuebla, zvinhu zvaidiwa pakuita Bumbiro reMitemo idzva renyika zvakatangwa. Kana kumisikidzwazve kwezvimwechete kunoitwa, vanhu veNew Spain vanosarudza kufarira mamiriro ayo Juan Ruiz de Apodaca akazviwana ari maari.
Ndipo mushure meizvi apo O' Donojú akatamira kunharaunda yeVeracruz. Kwaanotsvaga kushandisa zvinzvimbo zvake nekuda kwezviito zvakaitwa naGarcía Dávila. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti O' Donojú aida kuzivisa zvinhu zvakasununguka munharaunda nenzira chaiyo.
Zvese izvi zvakaita kuti aziviswe kuti nharaunda yeMexico yakasunungurwa kubva kuumambo hweSpain kunze kwenzvimbo dzakadai seguta guru reMexico, Durango, Chihuahua, Veracruz, San Carlos de Perote neAcapulco.
Akakumbirawo kuti vanhu vagamuchire mamiriro ake ekuraira aive akavakirwa pazvisungo zveCortes. Nechinangwa chekumisikidza mafambiro ezvisungo zvakamiswa.
Pamusoro peizvi, vatsinhira kuti kana vanhu vasingagutsikane nehutongi hwavo, vachaenderera mberi nekusiya basa kuitira kuti vawane mukana wekusarudza mutungamiri wavanoda.
Nekune rimwe divi, O'Donojú anofunga kumisa zvirongwa zvaizomubvumira kuti ave nezviito zvake zvaiitwa neveumambo. Ndicho chikonzero nei achipfuurira kutumira tsamba mbiri dzakanyorerwa kuna Agustín de Iturbide, uko anosimbisa kuti anoziva nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuitika munharaunda dzakapoteredza. Pamusoro peizvi anoratidza kuti anoda kusangana naye.
Pashure pemazuva gumi nerimwe etsamba iyi, Iturbide inoenderera mberi nokupindura zvakanaka kuna O´ Donojú. Musangano wacho ipapo wakarongwa muCórdoba, mumwe nomumwe aine varume vanomudzivirira.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zveCordoba Zvibvumirano
Musi waNyamavhuvhu 24, 1821, O'Donojú neIturbide vakwanisa kusangana muCórdoba. Mushure mekuteerera kuruzhinji, vanoenderera mberi nekugadzira zvikamu zveZvibvumirano zveCórdoba. Pakati pezvinhu zvikuru zvinoonekwa mukati mechibvumirano ichi ndezvizvi zvinotevera:
- Nharaunda yeMexico inofanirwa kucherechedzwa senyika ine kuzvitonga kuzere. Pamusoro peizvi, zvinoratidzwa kuti nyika yaizomira kunzi New Spain, kuti ienderere mberi kuve Humambo hweMexico.
- Nekune rimwe divi, chibvumirano chinosimbisa kuti chimiro chehurumende cheMexican Empire chakavakirwa pazvinhu zvehumambo, nebumbiro remutemo riri pasi perejimeni ine mwero.
- Mukuwedzera kune izvi, zvinoratidzwa kuti muEmpire yeMexico, sezvakasimbiswa nechinyorwa 4 cheChirongwa cheIguala, Fernando VII achadanwa kuti amise mambo wekutanga, samambo weKaturike, kana akaramba, munun'una wake Carlos achaita. enderera. Yechitatu sarudzo ichava Francisco de Paula. Kana akasiya basa, aizova Carlos Luis de Borbón Parma. Kune rimwe divi, mugari wenhaka aizova Etruria uye gare gare Lucca.
- Mitemo yechibvumirano ichi yakanangana nezvikamu zvakanangana neChirongwa cheIguala. Uko zvinhu zvehutsika zvakanangwa kumiririra pfungwa dzese dzinoitwa nevakuru uye masimba emitemo yekuzvimiririra zvinobuda pachena.
- Bhodhi iri richadomwa nezita rekuti Provisional Governing Board, nechinangwa chekumisikidza mirau yaro kune nyika ichiri kusimukira.
- Nekune rumwe rutivi, Provisional Board ichava nemukana wekuita mabasa ehurumende pasi pemitemo inoziviswa nebumbiro remitemo. Izvo zvakare zvinofemerwa nezviito zvakabatanidzwa zvakananga muChirongwa cheIguala uye zvakare kuMatare anoumba ese anoumba zviito zvedunhu.
Kupinda kweTrigarante Army kuMexico City: kusaina chiitiko chekuzvimirira
Musi waGunyana 15, 1821, muguta guru reMexico, Novella anosarudza kuzivisa kukosha kwaive naO'Donojú mukati mekufamba kwehurumende. Kune rumwe rutivi, Liñán anoziviswa somufundisi wemumunda.
Nekudaro, Ramón Gutiérrez del Mazo anove munhu anotungamira zvematongerwo enyika. Saizvozvowo, avo vane pfungwa dzokuzvimirira vanobudiswa mujeri. Sarudzo iyi inosanganisira rusununguko rwenhau. Saizvozvo, kutamiswa kubva kune rimwe guta kuenda kune rimwe kunotanga kuve nerusununguko rwakakura kune chero nhengo yehuwandu hweMexico.
Kwezuva rinotevera munharaunda yeTacubaya, O'Donojú anosarudza kubudisa pamberi pevanhu vake kuguma kwehondo. Nekudaro, maererano neiyo biography yaAgustín de Iturbide, anofunga kuzivisa sisitimu yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvakanangana neboka revarwi rinowanikwa munharaunda huru. Zvese izvi nekurudziro yekuvakurudzira kuti vagadzire zvivakwa zvitsva zvinopa masevhisi chaiwo kune vanhu.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, anobvunza vagari vemo kuti muzita rematambudziko akaitika muhondo, vakawa vanokudzwa nemureza wekusununguka, izvo zvinobatsira kukunda kwenyika.
Yucatan peninsula
Panguva iyoyo, nharaunda yeYucatan Peninsula yaitungamirirwa naJuan María Echeverri. Uyu hunhu hwakabatwa pasi pehutongi hweViceroyalty yeNew Spain.
Echeverri anoona nezve zviitiko umo mafambiro ekuzvimirira ari kubuda mumwedzi waGunyana. Kuratidzira pakati pavo, izvo zvakagadzirwa muTabasco. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ndipo paanofunga kuita musangano nevatevedzeri vekanzuru yeguta.
Zviito zvakaitika zvakaita kuti Echeverri azivise Yucatan Peninsula senzvimbo yakasununguka kubva kuguta guru repurovhinzi. Juan Rivas Vértiz naFrancisco Antonio Tarrazo, zvakare, vane chinangwa chekusangana neIturbide naO'Donojú, nekurudziro yekutaura nezvemhando iyi yenyaya.
Nekudaro, maererano nenhoroondo yehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, nharaunda yeChiapas, nzvimbo iri chikamu cheCaptaincy General weGuatemala, inozonzi inyika yakazvimirira.
Mushure mezviitiko izvi, Juan Nepomuceno Batres anosarudza kuve chikamu cheChirongwa cheIguala. Chii chakaunza nezviito zvakakosha pachikamu chevagari venharaunda yeChiapas, avo vakaratidza kufarira kwavo kuva chikamu chehurongwa hutsva hwehurumende yeMexico.
musangano wevatongi
Zviitiko zvekuzvimirira pazvaiitika, maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, O'Donojú naIturbide, vakaita misangano nevanhu vehurumende vakaita saManuel de la Bárcena, José Isidro Yáñez, pamwe chete naBishop Antonio Joaquín Pérez.
Pamusoro peizvi, vakawana mukana wekusangana nevamwe vatambi vaive chikamu chemumiriri wedunhu reMexico City Council. Saizvozvo, dzimwe nhengo dzevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vakaita zvematongerwo enyika muNew Spain maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, vaivewo chikamu chemisangano yavo.
Mushure mezviito zvese, Agustín de Iturbide anoenderera mberi nekusarudza kuti ndiyani achave mavara makumi matatu nesere achashanda mukati meProvisional Governmental Board. Zvizhinji zvacho zvaiva nezvinhu zvine chokuita nechinzvimbo chakanaka munzanga.
Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti hapana hunhu hwakakura semupanduki aive chikamu cheProvisional Board. Kune rumwe rutivi, vose kunze kwaAnastasio Bustamante avo vakanga vari chikamu cheTrigarantes vakabatana nebhodhi idzva iri.
Zvese izvi zvakaunza kumwe kurambwa zvine chekuita nekutora chikamu kwehurongwa hutsva hwevatambi vakaita saNicolás Bravo, Guadalupe Victoria, Vicente Guerrero, Andrés Quintana Roo, Ignacio López Rayón naJosé Sixto Verduzco.
Mukupera kwaGunyana, pakaitwa musangano wakanangana nekuburitsa zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuvandudzwa mukati mehurongwa hutsva hwehurumende. Kune rimwe divi, boka reexpeditionary rinofunga kusiya guta parutivi.
hondo inosunungura
José Joaquín de Herrera anosarudza kutora Chapultepec Sango fort. Zvakare, Vicente Filisola anoenderera mberi kutumira varume zviuru zvina kunharaunda yeguta guru reMexico. Nenzira imwecheteyo, O'Donojú anoita mhemberero dzine chekuita nerunyararo uye rusununguko rwenzvimbo.
Saizvozvo, maererano neiyo biography yaAgustín de Iturbide, anoenderera mberi nekutsikisa chiitiko chinosanganisira mukova wenzvimbo iyo Trigarante Army yakawanikwa. Nenzira imwecheteyo, akasimbisa kukosha kwavakaita mukukunda kwaitwa, sezvo kunyangwe vaive nezviwanikwa zvishoma vakawana kukunda.
Ivo vanobva vaonekwa sevadziviriri venyika neIturbide, mushure mekuita kwavo kwakanaka uye nzira dzehondo. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinodikanwa kuendesa izvo zvinodikanwa zvekunyaradza kwako kune nhengo dzakaumba iyo Trigarante Army. Sezvinongoita zvipfeko neshangu.
Hondo Trigarante uye Iturbide
Musi waGunyana 27, 1821, zuva rakapembererwa zuva rekuzvarwa kwaIturbide, vaFilisolas vakasarudza kubva kuChapultepec kuenda kuTacuba, nechinangwa chekuita musangano wakamirira.
Mangwanani ezuva rino, aitungamira mauto eHondo yeTrigarante, anoenda kuPaseo Nuevo, obva apfuura nemuCorpus Christi avenue uye pakupedzisira anomira paSan Francisco convent.
Mushure mokunge asvika, José Ignacio Ormaechea anomugamuchira, nechinangwa chekumupa makiyi anoenda kuguta. Zvese izvi zvakaita kuti mauto adaidzire mushure menhanho dzake kuti "Long live Iturbide neTrigarante Army"
Pakati pevatambi vaive chikamu chechiito ichi paive naDomingo Estanislao Luaces, Epitacio Sánchez, Nicolás Bravo, Pedro Celestino Negrete, Anastasio Bustamante, José Morán, Antonio López Santa Anna, Gaspar López, Vicente Guerrero, José Joaquín Manuel Parrés Echeverri, Juan José Zenón, José Joaquín de Herrera, Mariano Laris, Felipe de la Garza, Luis Quintanar, José Antonio Andrade, Vicente Filisola naMiguel Barragán.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevarume vakaumba uto iri, pane imwe nguva yapfuura, vakakura senhengo dzemauto eViceroy. Zvisinei, mushure memamiriro ezvinhu akanga aitika uyezve mutoro noruremekedzo zvavakabata nazvo zvishuvo zvavo, vakasarudza kuva rutivi rweChirongwa cheIguala.
Zvakare, maererano nenhoroondo yehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti vashoma kwazvo vaive nhengo dzesangano iri, avo vakamboshanda sevapanduki kumaodzanyemba kwenyika.
Panguva iyo mutambo wekuremekedza zvakasimudzwa unopera, O'Donojú pamwe neIturbide vanoenda kuCathedral yeMexico. Iri munzvimbo ino inoimbwa Te Deum. Nokudaro vachiratidzira kuvagari gadziriro yavo itsva yehurumende norusununguko.
Provisional Governing Board Process
Rimwe zuva mushure mechiitiko chemhemberero, Dare Rinotonga Renguva pfupi rinokokwa. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti yaive nenhengo dzakanga dzanyatsosarudzwa naAgustín de Iturbide.
Ivava maererano nenhoroondo yeupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, vaive nerunhare rwavo mukati mekamuri rekusangana raive mune yainzi Imperial Palace. Isati yatanga nemisoro ichakurukurwa, Iturbide yakapa hurukuro umo yakasimbisa kukosha kweDare Rinodzora iri.
Mushure mezviziviso, maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, vakatamira kuKathedral, nechinangwa chekuita mhemberero yekupika paChirongwa cheIguala uye zvakare zvakakurukurwa uye zvakasimbiswa mukati meChibvumirano cheCórdoba.
Pakupera kwemhemberero, nhengo dzebhodhi dzinosarudza kugadza, maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, mutungamiri semutungamiri wesangano, pasina kuvhota kunopikisa chero nhengo.
Kozoitwa imwe misa nechinangwa chekupemberera zvingave zviri pamutemo mamiriro erusununguko rwenyika. Kune izvo zvinozoenderera mberi kusaina Mutemo weIndependence yeHumambo hweMexico.
Provisional Governing Board
Zvinoenderana neiyo biography yaAgustín de Iturbide, bhodhi rakamiswa naye raive neregency yenhengo shanu. Ikoko zvinzvimbo zvesimba rekutonga zvakamira pachena, zvichitungamirwa naAgustín de Iturbide, mutungamiri kwakashanda O'Donojú, Manuel de la Bárcena, Isidro Yáñez naManuel Velázquez de León.
Nhoroondo yaAgustín de Iturbide inoratidza kuti panguva yavanonzwisisa kuti vatungamiri vaviri vari pasi pesimba ravo, vanoonekwa sezvinhu zvakaoma mukati mehurongwa. Nechikonzero ichi, Iturbide inosarudza kugadza Bishop Antonio Joaquín Pérez semutungamiri webhodhi.
Zvese izvi zvinotitungamira kuti tinzwisise nzira iyo iyo Executive Power yakatanga kuumbwa mukati mezvinhu zveRegency. Nekune rimwe divi, iyo Legislative Power, inoitika kuti inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akamiswa neDare Rinodzora.
Zvakare, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti Dare Rinodzora rinotsanangura kuti regent yekutanga inogona kunge iine hukama hunoenderana nemagadzirirwo emukuru wemauto. Izvozvi mushure meizvi kuti anoenderera mberi nekuzvisimbisa maererano nehupenyu hweAgustín de Iturbide se generalissimo yezvombo zvegungwa nenyika.
Pamusoro peizvi, Iturbide yakatanga kuwana 120000 pesos pagore pabasa rake semutungamiri. Zvakare, akapiwa nzvimbo muTexas. Akatangawo kunzi Serene Highness.
Kune rimwe divi, baba vaAgustín de Iturbide, José de Iturbide vakapihwa ruremekedzo rwunouya nekuve regent. Mushure mekushanda kwake seregent, aizova chikamu chemakurukota eHurumende.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Iturbide akasarudza kusiya muhoro wake muna Kukadzi wegore iroro uye akasarudza muna Gumiguru kupa 71000 pesos, nechinangwa chekudzima matambudziko airatidza kuumbwa kwemauto enharaunda yeMexico.
Empire Zviito
Nepo zviitiko zvese izvi zvaiitika muMexico City, zvakatanga nematanho ekutanga ehurumende akaunzwa nehumambo hutsva hweMexico. Zviito zvacho zvakaunza mufaro kuvagari vomumatunhu enharaunda yacho.
Zvisinei, madzimambo asina kubvumirana nemafambiro ekuzvimirira akanga aitwa, vakaramba vasina tariro mukukundikana kwegadziriro iyi. Idzi dzakachengetwa pasi pekutonga kwenzvimbo dzeAcapulco, Perote neVeracruz.
Iri mushure meizvi apo Antonio López de Santa Anna anoenderera mberi nekuita mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika akawana kutonga kwakazara kwenhare yePerote muna Gumiguru wegore iro. Kune rimwe divi, Isidoro Montes de Oca akaraira Juan Álvarez kuti aite zviito zvinodiwa kuti awane kutonga kweSan Diego fort yaive muAcapulco. Izvo zvakafanana zvakatorwawo muna Gumiguru.
Zvakare, muVeracruz, José García Dávila anosarudza kuenderera mberi pasi pemurairo wehurumende yekare. Sehunyanzvi, Dávila inopa kutonga kwenzvimbo kuSanta Anna. Nekudaro, muna Gumiguru 26, anosarudza kuzorora nemauto ake muSan Juan de Ulúa, aine zvombo zvakakwana zvekurwisa nazvo.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Dávila ndiye aive mupikisi weSpain wekupedzisira kurwisa izvo zvakamiswa muchimiro chitsva chehurumende. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Manuel Rincón, uyo aitungamirira imwe nzvimbo mukati meVeracruz, akapa kuzvipira kwake kumasangano ekuzvimirira.
Rufu DO'Donojú
Musi wa8 Gumiguru, O'Donojú akafa mushure mekurwara nepleurisy. Izvi zvinotungamira kuti chinzvimbo chake chive chisina gwara, saka Bishop Antonio Joaquín Pérez anoenderera mberi nekutora nzvimbo yake. Kutungamira nenzira iyi Dare Rinodzora.
Uyewo, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoita kuti Antonio Medina Manzo, José Pérez Maldonado, José Domínguez naJosé Manuel de Herrera vagadzwe sevanyori. Nechinangwa chekuti zvinhu zvine chekuita nemari zviwanikwa, rubatsiro rwakakodzera rweIturbide uye hukama hwekunze uye hwepamba huchabatwa zviri nyore.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, maererano nehupenyu hwaAgustín de Iturbide, anoenderera mberi achidana Anastasio Bustamante kuti atore chinzvimbo chegavhuna kumapurovhinzi ekumabvazuva nekumadokero.
Iri basa rakaiswawo kuna Pedro Celestino Negrete, aizotarisira Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí uye Nueva Galicia. Nepo Manuel de la Sotarriva aizotungamira Valladolid, Querétaro uye Guanajuato. Nekune rimwe divi, Vicente Guerrero aizotonga Tlapa, Chilapa, Ajuchitlán, Teposcolula, Jamiltepec, Tixtla neOmetepec.
Misangano yevaimbova vapanduki
Pakazosvika Mbudzi 1821, boka revaimbova vapanduki vakasarudza kusangana nechinangwa chekugadzira hurongwa hwaizovabvumira kuumba rudzi rutsva rwehurumende zvichibva pazvinhu zverepublic.
Mumisangano yenguva dzose, vanhu vakadai saMiguel Domínguez vakazviratidza, uyo akanga ari uyo akakweretesa imba yake senzvimbo yokusangana muQuerétaro. Kune rumwe rutivi, vakakoka varwi vakaita saPedro Celestino Negrete kuzviitiko izvi, zvisinei, anosarudza kusagamuchira nzvimbo uye anoona zviito sezviito zvekurangana. Chii chinokonzera maererano nehupenyu hweAgustín de Iturbide kuti aziviswe nezvezviito.
Iturbide inofunga kusunga mavara akadai saGuadalupe Victoria, Nicolás Bravo, Juan Bautista Morales, Baba Jiménez, Baba Carvajal naMigue, Barragán sevatengesi kunyika.
Zviito zvinonzi zvekurangana dzaive nhaurirano dzakabva pane zvingaitwe nehurumende, zvichienderana nekuti zvakaitwa sei.
Ndicho chikonzero nei Iturbide inokurumidza kuvapa rusununguko rwavo zvakare. Zvisinei, anosarudza kuchengeta Guadalupe Victoria akavharirwa, sezvo aisamuona akavimbika. Asi nekuda kwesimba rake murume anokwanisa kutiza kubva mujeri.