Chadenga chakapamhama zvikuru, kune zviuru zvenyeredzi, mapuraneti nemapoka enyeredzi akatenderedza nyika ino isingazivikanwe nevakawanda. Zvisinei, pane dzidziso yokuti zvichida inovanda mundangariro dzevakawanda uye kuti zvichida hazvina zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa pamusoro payo nokuda kweidi riri nyore rokusaziva nechokwadi kuti rinoumbwa nei uye kuti mavambo acho chii. Mupfungwa iyi, munyaya ino ndichataura zvishoma nezve Big Bang nezvose zvinoenderana nazvo.
Chii chinonzi Big Bang?
Iyo Big Bang inowanzo nzwisiswa seyakanyanya density uye tembiricha yakatanga zvose zvinoonekwa kana kuonekwa.
Zvakare, izwi rekuti chokwadi ichi rinotorwa sea ''Kuputika kukuru'' yakadhirowewa nemushakabvu wekuBritain muzivi wenyeredzi Fred Hoyle munenge muna XNUMXs. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kune nyonganiso yechinyakare uye ndiko kuti vanhu vazhinji vanowanzofunga kuti Big Bang yakafanana neyekutanga imwe chete, senge nzvimbo iyo denga rose rakazvarwa. Iyo Big Bang standard ine mwero zvakanyanya kupfuura izvozvo uye ingori kuwedzeredza kwechadenga chedu munguva yakapfuura kwenguva yakapihwa.
Nekune rimwe divi, pekutangira kuri mufizikisi iyo munhu akagadzirira kugamuchira uye nekuwedzera kune zvivimbiso izvo munhu anazvo, ndiko kuti, kuti mhedzisiro yemunhu inodzivirirwa nekutarisa. Isu tinogona ikozvino kuburitsa kumashure munguva nekuvimba kukuru kune iyo nguva yenguva primitive nucleosynthesis.
Nemamwe manzwi, izvi ndezvechimiro chine a tembiricha madhigirii angangosvika 100.000.000.000 3.800 XNUMX XNUMX uye kusimba kwakafanana nekanosvika mamirioni XNUMX XNUMX pane kusachinja-chinja kana kuwanda kwemvura. Ndicho chikonzero icho chadenga chese chatinogona kuona nhasi chaive chakamisikidzwa mumakore mashoma cubic chiedza uye yaingova muto wemafotoni, maerekitironi, neutrino uye zvishoma zvisaririra zveproton nemanyuturoni.
Kare taida kutaura kuti ivo vakapasa kurongeka kwezana resekondi kubva pachinhu chekutanga, apo zvinorehwa ndezvekuti kana tikaburitsa equation yeBig Bang modhi kune tembiricha isingaperi, tinowana yatinoti nguva. ye kuwedzera kwechadenga.
Unogonawo kufarira: ZVINHU 3 ZVINOKOSHA ZVIMWE ZVIRI MUKATI PEPSI ZVINOGIDZWA NENASA.
Kwakabva Big Bang
Kuti tikwanise kuzviisa pachedu mumuenzaniso wezvino weBig Bang, masayendisiti mazhinji, ane zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, anga achiraira nzira inotungamira kune genesis yetsananguro iyi. Mabasa aAlexander Friedman, kubva muna 1922, naGeorges Lemaître, kubva muna 1927, vakashandisa dzidziso yehukama kuratidza kuti chadenga chairamba chichifamba.
Gare gare, muna 1929, muongorori wenyeredzi wekuAmerica Edwin Hubble akaongorora uye akawana zvese zvine chekuita ne mapoka enyeredzi kupfuura Gwara renzou rakanga richibva kwatiri, sokunge kuti chadenga chiri kuramba chichipararira. Mushure meizvi, muna 1948, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuUkraine-America George Gamow, akafumura kuti nyika yakasikwa kubva pakuputika kukuru, (iyo yatinoziva nhasi seBig Bang).
Parizvino, spacecraft yakaiswa mu orbit (COBE) yakakwanisa "kunzwa" maratidziro eizvi gigantic primitive explosion.
Nomubvumirano nedzidziso iyi, denga rakafanana uye isotropic rakazadzwa nezvinhu zvakajairika rinogona kuramba richiparadzira kana kuderedza kuwedzera kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvika zvakonzera universal contraction. Magumo ekuwedzera uku anozivikanwa nezwi rinopesana neBig Bang: The Big Crunch kana 'Great Collapse' kana Big Rip kana Great Tear.
Saizvozvo, kana chadenga chiri panguva yakaoma, chinogona kuramba chakadzikama ad eternum. Munguva pfupi yapfuura zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti nhasi kune kuwedzera kukuru kwechadenga, idi risingazivikanwe pakutanga mudzidziso uye izvo zvakakonzera kuunzwa kweimwe pfungwa yekufungidzira. simba rakasviba (Rudzi urwu rwenyaya rwaizova neunhu hwakakosha hunogona kushivirira kukurumidza kwekuwedzera).
Zvimwe Zvinoonekwa PaBig Bang Theory
Mushure mezvidzidzo zvikuru, dzidziso yeBig Bang yakafumurwa kubva mukuona uye kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwedzidziso. Kuburikidza nekucherechedza muma1910, muongorori wemuchadenga wekuAmerica Vesto Slipher uye, shure kwake, Carl Wilhelm Wirtz wekuStrasbourg vakasimbisa kuti spiral nebulae zhinji dzinobva paNyika. Nyika.
Zvisinei, vakakundikana kuziva kupesana kwecosmological kweichi chicherechedzo, kana kuti idi rokuti ma<em>nebulae aifungidzirwa akanga ari chaizvoizvo ayo mapoka enyeredzi ari kunze kwedu timene. Milky Way.
Zvichitevedzana, pakati pa1927 na1930, muprista weBelgian Georges Lemaître17 akazvimiririra akawana equation yeFriedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker uye akakurudzira, zvichibva pakuderera kwehupfumi. spiral nebulae, kuti denga rakavamba nekuwedzera kweatomu rekare, iro rakazonzi «Big Bang».
Muna 1929, Edwin Hubble akaita ongororo dzavakashandisa setsigiro kuedza dzidziso yaLemaître. Hubble akaedza kuti spiral nebulae magalaxi uye akaverenga madaro awo nekucherechedza Cepheid siyana nyeredzi mumagalaxi ari kure. Akaratidza kuti mapoka enyeredzi ari kufamba kubva kune rimwe nerimwe nekumhanya (kune hukama nePasi) zvakajeka kuenzana nedaro rawo. Chokwadi ichi chave kuzivikanwa semutemo waHubble.
The Cosmological Principle
Maererano nenheyo ye<em>cosmological, kuparadzaniswa kwemapoka enyeredzi kwakaratidza kuti chadenga chiri kuwedzera. Pfungwa iyi yakatanga fungidziro mbiri dzaipesana. Yekutanga yaive dzidziso yaLemaître's Big Bang, yakasimbiswa nekududzirwa naGeorge Gamow. Yechipiri mukana waive muenzaniso weiyo Fred Hoyle's steady-state theory, maererano nekuti iyo nyaya nyowani inogadzirwa panguva ipi. mapoka enyeredzi vanosuduruka kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Nenzira iyi, muchadenga chakangofanana pane imwe nguva yakati munguva. Kwemakore akawanda aive nenhamba yakafanana yevatsigiri kune mumwe nemumwe dzidziso.
Nokufamba kwemakore, ufakazi hwokucherekedza hwakatsigira pfungwa yokuti chadenga chakabva mumugariro unopisa, unorema. Kubva pakawanikwa microwave kumashure kwemwaranzi muna 1965, iyi yave ichifungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yakanakisa dzidziso yekufumura shanduko yemhepo. cosmos.
Uyezve, pamberi pe60s, yakawanda ye cosmologists vaifunga kuti kuomarara kusingaverengeki kwekare mumuenzaniso wecosmological waFriedman kwaiva kunyanyofunga, uye kuti chadenga chaizoderera chisati chatanga kupararira zvakare.
Parizvino, anenge ese mabasa edzidziso mucosmology anoedza kuwedzera kana kupfupisa zvikamu zvedzidziso yenzvimbo. guru Bang. Zvakawanda zvebasa razvino mucosmology rinoedza kufunga nezvekuti mapoka enyeredzi akaumbwa sei mumamiriro ezvinhu eBig Bang, kuona zvakaitika ipapo, uye kuenzanisa kutsva kutsva nedzidziso yakakosha.
Zvakakosha, mukupera kwema1990 uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, budiriro huru yakaitwa muBig Bang cosmology semugumisiro webudiriro huru muteresikopu, mukuumbwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwedata. satellite kubva kuCOBE, Hubble Space Telescope uye WMAP. Iyi data yakabvumira vanoongorora cosmologist kuverenga akawanda emaparamita eBig Bang kusvika kune imwe nhanho yekururama, uye zvakakonzera kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwi kuti denga riri kuwedzera nekukurumidza.
Unogonawo kufarira: THE POLAR nyeredzi: RAmangwana risina chokwadi KANA KUTANGA KWEHUPENYU HUTSHA?
3 Chokwadi Chakanyanya Nezve The Big Bang
1. Mashoko anowanika kumasayendisiti anoratidza kuti kuputika kwakaita zvinhu zvakasikwa kwakaitika makore anenge mabhiriyoni 13.810 akapfuura. Danho iri rakasarudzwa "primal universe" uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvidimbu zvaive nesimba rakawanda.
2. ari nyeredzi sezvatinoziva nhasi zvakatanga kusikwa kare mushure meBig Bang.
3. Waiziva here kuti pane humbowo hwekuti Big Bang haisi dzidziso chete? Kunyangwe iyo Big Bang ichionekwa sedzidziso, inoenderana neakasiyana siyana ebvunzo dzesainzi, senge Olbers Paradox iyo yakavakirwa parima renyika. usiku denga.
Iyo Homogeneity yekugovaniswa kwenyaya inotendwa zvakare, iyo Hubble Law inogona kusimbiswa nekuona kuti magalaxi anofamba kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Iyo Tolman Effect kana kusiyanisa kwe kupenya kwepamusoro uye pakupedzisira iyo iri kure Supernovae, inova iyo iyo yekuwedzera kwenguva pfupi muchiedza curves inogona kucherechedzwa.
Unogonawo kufarira: NYAYA YENYEDZI, KUTENDA KANA KUTI SAINZI? A DABATE KUBVA PAKUTANGA NGUVA
Mukupedzisa, kune dzakawanda dzidziso uye zvakacherechedzwa zvinoita kuti tifunge kuti tiri kurarama munyika inoshanduka uye yakashanduka maererano ne pasi rose uye nekuti kunyangwe zvakawanwa zvakanakisa uye zvidzidzo zvikuru zvetsvakiridzo nezveBig Bang zvakaverengerwa, isu vanhu tinoenderera mberi nekuongorora uye kusazvibvumira kuwira mune imwe chete yekutarisa, tinoenda kune zvimwe.