Ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive zvakawanda nezve ruzivo nezve Kinetic art sangano reunyanzvi rakamira pachena mugore ra1955, nokuti vanyori vaida chimwe chinhu chitsva kumabasa uye vakasarudza kupa sangano remabasa sechinangwa chavo chikuru nenzira dzakasiyana.Ramba uchiverenga uye udzidze zvishoma!
kinetic art
Kinetic art inzira yeunyanzvi apo mabasa anoita seanoramba achifamba.Ichi chiitiko chinotanga pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, apo mifananidzo ne zvivezwa zvakagadzirwa kuti zvibudise pfungwa kune veruzhinji kuti basa rinogara riripo. kufamba. kufamba. Ndokusaka kinetic art pamwe neoptical art yakavakirwa pakufamba kwebasa.
Asi zvinofanirwa kujekeswa kuti kinetic art inowanikwa mune zvese basa rakavakirwa pakufamba, kungave kwemuviri kana kwechokwadi.
Izvo zvinogona kusanganisira mamwe mataurirwo e optical art. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kujekesa kuti ese optical art haisi kinetic art. Sezvo kuzivisa basa reunyanzvi mukati mekinetic art, kufamba kuri mubasa kunofanirwa kunge kuri pakati pekutarisa.
Nenzira iyi tinogona kusimbisa kuti kune akati wandei marudzi ekinetic art sezvo mabasa acho achizoiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nekufamba kwaanoita. Sezvo mabasa acho achizoiswa mumapoka maviri-dimensional mafambiro uye matatu-dimensional mafambiro.
Pakati pemabasa anonyanya kukosha mabasa ane mafambiro chaiwo anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye mabasa ane virtual movement inomira kunze kwekuona kwekuona kwemuoni.
Iyo Kinetic Sculpture uye maitiro ayo
Ose ari maviri optical art uye kinetic art inyanzvi dzemagetsi dzinobva pakufamba kwekusingaperi kwebasa, ingave mechanic kana virtual. Kunyangwe kinetic art ichinyanya kumiririrwa muzvivezwa sezvo ichinyanya kushandisa zviwanikwa uye zvidimbu kuita kuti basa rifambe pamberi pevaoni.
Vazhinji vatsoropodzi vehunyanzvi vanovakirwawo pachokwadi chekuti kinetic art inogona kubva pane yakakurumbira Optical illusions uye pazvisingagoneke kuti maziso emuoni atarise nzvimbo mbiri dzine mavara akasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete.
Nenzira iyi zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuti kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwekinetic art kunoonekwa mugore re1910, nekupinda kwesangano remangwana rinoitika muItaly uye rakavambwa nemunyori uye mudetembi Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, uyo ari mupepeti weManifesto. yeFuturism inosimbisa zvinotevera:
“Tinosimbisa kuti kubwinya kwenyika kwakapfumiswa nerunako rutsva: kunaka kwekumhanya. Mota yemujaho, ine reyedhita yakashongedzwa nemachubhu akakora senyoka dzine mweya unoputika… mota inodzvova, inoita seinomhanya pazvimedu, yakanaka kupfuura Kukunda kweSamothrace”
Uye zvakare, mabasa emutambi wechess uye maartist echiFrench mabviro Marcel Duchamp anoonekwa munhandare. Iyo dhizaini yakave nemhedzisiro yakakura pakushanduka kweDadaism.
Ipapo Alexander Calder akaita mupiro kune kinetic art neyakagadzirwa yake huru, iyo mobile. Kuve yakakosha mu kinetic chivezwa. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwake iyo yakaumbwa newaya yakawanda uye zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi zvakamiswa uye zvichifamba nemhepo mumhepo.
Asi muna 1954 yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se<em>kinetic art, kupa zita kumabasa ounyanzvi, kunyanya zvivezwa zvaifambiswa nemhepo uye zvimwe zvaifambiswa nemichina yemagetsi.
Ndicho chikonzero nei kinetic art yaive nehupenyu hwayo pakati pemakumi emakore e60s uye 70s ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Uye mazuva ano mabasa ekinetic art akadai semifananidzo uye zvivezwa zvinopa muoni pfungwa yekuti zviri kufamba.
Iro zita rekinetic art rinobva kuhunyanzvi hwebazi refizikisi rinoongorora mafambiro pakati pemiviri yakasiyana iripo uye simba rinoshanda pairi. Kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vakawanda vakaratidza kuti zita iri rakaonekwa mugore ra1920 apo muvezi anonzi Naum Gabo akanyora gwaro rinonyatsooneka.
Panguva iyoyo akauya kuzosaina kuti pane kukanganisa kwakange kwatorwa kubva kuEgypt art uko kwaidavirwa kuti static rhythms ndiyo chete nzira yaivepo yekugadzira hunyanzvi hwepurasitiki uye kuitsiva nekinetic rhythms idzo nzira dzinoitwa nemunhu. kunzwa maonero enyika.
Kubva panguva iyoyo muimbi akaita basa rake rekutanga rekinetic iro raive rakavakirwa patsvimbo yesimbi yaifambiswa nemota uye yakapa kukosha kune izwi raishandiswa panguva iyoyo kune mechanic physics.
Asi sezvakambotaurwa, kinetic art yakatanga kushandiswa muma60 mumabasa akaitwa nevanyori uye akapa basa racho pfungwa yekufamba nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai se optical illusion, nekuda kwechiedza icho zvivezwa zvakagamuchirwa, semuenzaniso, nyevero yakareruka uye kufamba kwezvivezwa kuvonga kumagetsi emagetsi uye mabasa anogadzirwa mune maviri-dimensional uye matatu-dimensional fomu akaiswawo mukati kinetic art. Pakati pehukuru hunhu hwatinogona kuwana mukinetic zvivezwa tine zvinotevera:
- Zvivezwa mu kinetic art zvimiro zvinofamba izvo zvinofanirwa kuvhurwa nehuremu uye counterweight. Saizvozvowo nekudengenyeka, inertia uye mhepo.
- Mamwe maartist akachinja kutora chikamu kwevanhu kuita kinetic art sezvo muoni, kana achinge achibata chidimbu chechivezwa, achizofamba mune chaiyo kesi, zvakaitwa neVenezuelan muimbi Jesús Soto nebasa rake Los penetrables.
- Pane zvivezwa zvinofambiswa nemagetsi nemagnetoelectric masisitimu, sezviri kuitika kumichina yaFrancisco Sobrino.
- Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chakashandiswa nevanyori vemusangano kwaiva kushandiswa kwechiedza muzvivezwa sechinhu chekuona, chingave chepanyama kana chekugadzira.
- Vamwe vanoita zvekinetic art vakashandisa zvakatipoteredza kupa mafambiro kumabasa avo ounyanzvi, akadai seanonzi matsime eTinguely.
Hunhu hwekinetic art
Kinetic art yakawana bhenefiro yekuda kwemakanika uye mafambiro emangwana achishandisa huzivi hwazvino hwe constructivism uye kusimuka kwehunyanzvi, sezvo kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvese izvi kwakabvumira kinetic art kuve chimwe chinhu chinopfuura magariro asi chokwadi. uye zvinonzwisisika ndosaka zvinotevera hunhu zvichibuda mune izvi:
Movement semusimboti: Kusiyana ne constructivism uye futurism mune kinetic art, kufamba hakugone kufungidzirwa, asi kunofanirwa kunzwisiswa muzvinyorwa uye mumanzwiro. Ndicho chikonzero kufamba kunoumbwa nenzira nhatu: kufamba kwemuoni, kufamba kwemaziso, uye kufamba chaiko kwebasa remifananidzo.
Shanduko yebasa: Mubasa rega rega rekinetic art, kufamba kunofanirwa kuve musimboti wakakosha, ndosaka basa reunyanzvi richifanirwa kutorwa sechinhu chaicho chinoshandurwa. Pamwe neimwe nzira yemagetsi kana nekuita kwemhepo kana chimwe chiitiko chezvakatipoteredza kana kuti veruzhinji vanoona basa vanoibata.
Nzvimbo uye chiedza se "zvinhu" zvekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki: Mune kinetic art, zvose nzvimbo uye chiedza zvinoumbwa sechinhu chepurasitiki mukati mebasa ripi neripi rekinetic art, sezvo nzvimbo isina chinhu yakakosha zvikuru kukwanisa kugadzira kumwe kufamba, nenzira imwechete iyo inoitika nechiedza uye chiedza chinopenya chiri kuenda. kukanganisa basa uye izvi zvinoita kuti rigadziriswe nekufamba kwenguva.
Kudzidza maonero ekuona: Kinetic art inoteedzerawo mumakwara eImpressionist artists sezvo Kinetic artists vakatanga kudzidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa kufamba kwakanakisa kwechivezwa chavo. Saizvozvo, ivo vakadzidza akasiyana abstract mafomu uye ekuona rhythms. Pamwe chete nepamusoro-soro yemifananidzo yejometri uye maonero echiedza pamusoro pebasa reunyanzvi.
Inotamba uye inotora chikamu chikamu: Munenge mabasa ese ekinetic art, mutambo wakaiswa mune yemunyori basa reunyanzvi. Sezvo basa racho richiratidzwa kuvaoni semutambo wemaziso avo uye kakawanda muoni anofanira kupindirana nebasa reunyanzvi kuti kinetic movement iitike.
Public art uye yakabatanidzwa munharaunda: Sezvazvakanga zvatotaurwa kare kuti mutambo wacho chikamu chekinetic art, yakave yakabatanidzwa munzvimbo dzevanhu vose sezvo inokurudzirwa nevapfuuri vanoisa zvivezwa zvinogona kuyemurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzevanhu kuti vape mashiripiti kubata kunzvimbo.
Artists uye mabasa ekinetic art
Muchinyorwa chino chekinetic art tichadoma akati wandei maartist akabudirira mukinetic art nekuda kwemabasa ehunyanzvi avakagadzira, pakati pavo vanotevera maartist anomira pachena:
Victor Vasarely: akaberekerwa kuHungary muna 1906 uye akashaya muna 1997, ndiye mumwe wevanyori vakatanhamara vekinetic art nekuda kwezvipo zvake sezvo mabasa ake akamira pachena muhunyanzvi hwekuona. Akashandisa kusiyana kwemaitiro maviri ekuona, nzvimbo yemavara uye kukosha kwetoni mubasa. Rimwe remabasa rinonyanya kukosha riri muYunivhesiti Guta reCaracas.
Jesu Rafael Soto: akazvarwa muBolivarian Republic of Venezuela muna 1923 uye akafa muna 2005 aine makore makumi masere nemaviri ekuzvarwa, uyu muimbi mukuru wekinetic art akafemerwa negumi nembiri-tone musical system uye serial music kuti aite mabasa ake makuru nekushandiswa kweIno system inotungamirirwa. kuita dzokororo dzakati wandei dzakabudirira mumabasa ake uye muruzhinji rwevaoni.
Carlos Cruz-Diez: akaberekerwa muBolivarian Republic of Venezuela muna 1923 uye akafa muna 2019 aine makore makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu muimbi anofemerwa nekuzunguzika kwemavara ainyatsozivikanwa nekushandiswa kwemavara matete akarongwa pamakona ekurudyi uye sezvo muoni anofamba Basa rinoenderera. pakufamba, kushandura mavara kupa kunzwa kuti basa rinofambawo nemuoni.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi pane kinetic art chakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: