Impungushe ebomvu isilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-canidae. Yaziwa nangokuthi impungushe evamile futhi igama layo lesayensi elithi "Vulpes vulpes" elivela egameni lesiLatini elithi vulpes elisho ukuthi "impungushe". Indawo yokuhlala yalesi silwane esihle ihlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoba ivumelana nezimo cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngaphezu kokuba iyinganekwane emazweni amaningi.
Umsuka wempungushe ebomvu
Impungushe ebomvu noma impungushe evamile ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezisatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni. Indawo yayo itholakala kuyo yonke indawo ye-Holarctic (amazwekazi omhlaba) okuyi-Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America kanye ne-Oceania. Nakuba ngonyaka ka-1868 bethulwa ngumuntu e-Australia.
Izikhathi eziningi zihamba ebusuku, ngoba zithule futhi zicashile, isikhathi sazo esingcono kakhulu sokuzingela kusebusuku naphakathi kobumnyama. Emini cishe njalo zibonakala zicashe ezihlahleni ziphumule noma zicashe elangeni noma izilwane ezidla ezinye, zingase futhi zifihlwe ngaphakathi kwemigodi yazo ecashe phakathi kwamadwala, imihosha noma ezindaweni ezinotshani obuningi.
Izimpungushe ezibomvu ziyakwazi ukuhlala cishe kunoma iyiphi i-ecosystem, ingaba emahlathini alahlekelwa yiwo wonke amaqabunga ebusika, ezimfundeni, ezindaweni lapho uhlaza luphansi, izihlahla ezinde azikhuli (alpine tundra), amahlathi e-boreal nama-steppes. Baphinde babe nokukhethekile kokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi bahlale kahle ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nezinabantu abaningi.
Ukubonakala kwempungushe ebomvu e-Australia kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zendabuko ezitholakala kuleli zwe.
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zaseNyakatho Melika zivela ezindaweni ezifuywayo zesifunda, kodwa zalethwa ezindaweni ezipholile ezazivela ezimpungushe ezivamile zaseYurophu futhi zalethwa e-US phakathi neminyaka engu-1650-1750. Izinsalela zezimpungushe ezibomvu zikhona namuhla kusukela esikhathini saseNyakatho Melika.
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zivela esifundeni sasePalearctic, esisenyakatho yezwekazi lonke laseYurophu futhi sisuka eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia siye eJapane. Ezwekazini lase-Afrika itholakala endaweni yaseMedithera nasemfuleni iNayile Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezilwane ezincelisayo ezwekazini laseNdiya, impungushe yaseTibet, impungushe yaseKashmiri kanye nempungushe yasogwadule.
Izici zempungushe ebomvu
Ngesisindo esilinganiselwa phakathi kuka-3 no-14 kilos, impungushe ebomvu ithathwa njengesilwane esincane, nokho ibekwe njengenkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-vulpes. Isisindo sabo sizoncika ku- indawo yezimpungushe. Zinekhanda eliphakathi kuka-46 no-90 cm nomsila ongafinyelela amasentimitha angu-55 ubude.
Impungushe ebomvu ibonakala nge-dimorphism yocansi, lokhu kusho ukuthi owesilisa ngokuvamile mkhulu kunowesifazane ngo-15%. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokutshela ubukhulu bempungushe ngaphandle kokuyilinganisa ngokuqondile ubukhulu bemizila yayo, enesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angu-4.4 ububanzi nobude obungamasentimitha angu-5.7.
Inekhala ezinde, izindlebe ezinkulu nezicijile, ezisiza ukuthi zizwe kahle kakhulu, umsila omude ongacishe ulingane nomzimba wayo, imilenze emide nezacile eyenza isheshe uma igijima kanye nokugxuma okuhle.
Njengoba igama lazo lisho, kulezi zimpungushe umbala obomvu woboya bazo uvame ukugqama, amathiphu ezindlebe zawo kanye namaphethelo, imilenze yawo inoboya obumnyama, umsila wawo omude unoboya obumhlophe esihlokweni sawo. bheka esiswini, ezihlathini, esilevini nasemphinjeni.
Umbala obomvu walezi zinja ungahluka kusuka obomvu obomvu kuya obomvu we-orange noma ithusi, noma kunjalo, uhla lwazo lwemibala lungahluka ngezinye izikhathi, lube ne-ocher, grey, black and white njenge-palette. Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi ingxenye engenhla iyunifomu, nokho, ezinye zezibonelo ziye zabonakala ezinamachashaza amancane noma imithende eyenza zihluke kakhulu.
Izimpungushe ezinombala ompunga nomnyama njengemibala evelele zaziwa njengezimpungushe ezisiliva, azikho eziningi ezikhona, cishe cishe u-10% wabantu bezimpungushe, nokho, lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olutholakala phakathi kwezimpungushe ezifuywayo.
Lezo ezinezinye izinhlobo zamaphethini amnyama njengamabala ebusweni noma emzimbeni noma imigqa emibili; eyodwa emboza womabili amahlombe futhi enye egijima kuyo yonke ikholomu, imelela kuphela u-30% wabantu futhi ibizwa ngokuthi izimpungushe.
Esifundeni saseNyakatho Melika, izimpungushe zinoboya obuhle obude, obuthambile futhi obuthambile, ngokungafani nalezo ezisuka eYurophu ezinoboya obude futhi obungeyona kangako. Izimpungushe ezibomvu, njengamanye, zimbozwe ungqimba loboya obuqinile nobude lapho zisondela ekwindla nenkathi yasebusika futhi ezizivikela emakhazeni asebusika, ziwa lapho kufika intwasahlobo, zisale zodwa. nejazi elincane eliminyene.
Amehlo ezimpungushe abomvu abanawo umfundi ovamile, kunalokho elliptical futhi ibekwe mpo. Lezi zilwane zasebusuku, njengoba ngokuvamile zizingela futhi zihamba ebusuku, nokho, ukubona kwazo phakathi nalezi zikhathi zobumnyama zimpofu, zibona kangcono emini kunasebusuku, ngakho zihlale ziqondiswa ikakhulukazi umuzwa wazo wokuhogela nokuzwa, okuyinto zinhle kakhulu..
Ngenxa yemilenze yabo emide futhi enamandla, izimpungushe ezibomvu zingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-72 km, okuzisiza ukuba zikwazi ukubamba inyamazane esheshayo futhi zikwazi ukubalekela izilwane ezizidlayo, ngaphezu kwazo ezingakwazi ukuzenzela. ukugxuma okukhulu.
Umsila wayo omude noluphukuphuku uyingxenye yesithombe sayo esikhangayo nesigqamayo futhi isetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukene, ingasetshenziswa njengomcamelo uma impungushe ilele, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuzivikela elangeni, ngawo ikwazi ngisho ukuxhumana. ngezinhlobo zayo kanye nokuxosha izinambuzane ezihlala eduze noma emzimbeni wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, umsila wawo ubuye uzisize zigcine ibhalansi yazo lapho zigxuma noma lapho zigijimisa inyamazane yazo noma zibaleka.
Isihloko esimhlophe somsila wayo sinenjongo eyodwa yokuba inkomba esiza abantu ukuba bayihlukanise kwamanye ama-canid akhona. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-canine, izimpungushe ngokuvamile azinayo imisipha yobuso ezisiza ukukhombisa amazinyo azo ngendlela izinja ezenza ngayo lapho zibhodla noma zizizwa zisongelwa.
i-ecology noma indawo yokuhlala
Uma sikhuluma ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo, impungushe evamile iyingcweti kule ndaba, iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zingatholakala emahlathini, ezintabeni, emathafeni, emabhishi, ezingwadule, e-tundra ngisho nasezindaweni ezihlala abantu (emadolobheni noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha) nakuba bengezona izakhamuzi zalapho, kodwa-ke, babonakala bezulazula ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho.
Indawo yabo yokuhlala incike kakhulu emalini yezilwane ezingazithola, ezindaweni lapho ziningi khona lapho singathola khona inani elikhulu lezimpungushe ezibomvu.
Ukudla
Nakuba izimpungushe ezibomvu zaziwa ngokuthi Izilwane ezidla inyama, into engokwemvelo ngalesi silwane ukuthi siyi-omnivore kanye nosomathuba ngokwemvelo. Izilwane ezifuywayo zingahlukahluka ngobukhulu, kusukela ezinambuzaneni ezincane kunazo zonke, eziyisigamu sesentimitha, kuya ezinyoni zemitha nesigamu.
Izimpungushe azinakho ukukhetha okukhethekile mayelana nokuthi ukudla kwazo kubhekiselwa kuphi, zingadla izinambuzane zanoma yiluphi uhlobo ngisho nezinkalankala, ngaphezu kwalokhu zingazingela izilwane ezincane, phakathi kwazo kukhona Isikwele, amagundane, amaselele, izinhlanzi, phakathi kokunye. Izimpungushe ezibomvu nazo zikhetha ukudla izithelo, ikakhulukazi amajikijolo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi impungushe ebomvu iyakwazi ukuzingela izinyane lenyamazane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu eScandinavia esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokufa kwamafawn kungenxa yezimpungushe ezibomvu nokuzingela kwazo.
Uma isimo sidinga, impungushe ingadla ingcuba. Uma usezindaweni ezisondelene nedolobha, izimpungushe zingangena ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza zithathe ukudla kuzo, zidle yonke into edliwayo futhi zingantshontsha noma zithathe ukudla obekuzingelwa esinye isilwane. Kwezinye izimo baye babonakale bentshontsha ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Lapho usondelana nesibalo sabantu, udinga kancane ukuzingela njengoba uzothola ukudla kulula kakhulu.
Izimpungushe ezibomvu ngokuvamile zizingela zodwa ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ukuthola inyamazane yazo isebenzisa umuzwa wayo wokuzwa othuthuke kakhulu, lapho ithola inyamazane emahlathini, emgodini wayo noma ecashile, igxuma phezu kwayo isebenzisa isimangaliso. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingakwazi futhi ukucupha inyamazane yayo ngokucasha ize isondele ngokwanele kuyo futhi ngaleyo ndlela iyibambe ngokushesha noma ngemva kokujaha isikhashana.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi zihambe zodwa zizingele ukuthi zinomona kakhulu ngokudla kwazo futhi azithandi ukwabelana ngakho, indlela kuphela lo mthetho ongaphulwa ngokwemvelo yilapho impungushe yensikazi inamawundlu noma ngesikhathi sokuzingela. abonakale ehlanganyela, okujwayelekile wukuthi iduna yilona elithola ukudla bese likwabela insikazi yalo eshela.
Isisu sempungushe sincane, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ngokuvamile abadli kakhulu emini, badla kuphela ingxenye yekhilo noma ikhilo lokudla ngosuku. Ngokungafani nezimpisi nezinja ezivame ukudla ngokulingana nobukhulu bemizimba yazo, impungushe ebomvu ingadla ingxenye yalokho, ngakho ubukhulu bayo abulingani nenani lokudla elikudlayo ngosuku.
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingagcina ukudla okuzosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi lapho ukudla kukuncane khona. Ngenxa yalokhu zigqiba ukudla kwazo ekujuleni okucishe kube ngamasentimitha angu-5 no-10. Lezi zinqolobane zokudla azivamile ukuba zibe zinkulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, zikhetha ukwenza eziningana zazo kuyo yonke indawo yazo, lokhu kuvimbela konke ukuhlinzekwa ukuthi kungantshontshwa uma esinye isilwane sithola enye yezimbobo zabo.
Ukuzala
Lapho izimpungushe ezibomvu zingena enkathini yokukhwelana kwazo, zifuna umngane ezichitha naye wonke umjikelezo wokuzala, okungukuthi, ziba nomfazi oyedwa phakathi naleyo nkathi yokuzala. Nokho kube namarekhodi lapho impungushe ike yabonakala inabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngisho nepheya labesilisa liye labonwa libambisana ukuze lihlangane nomlingani walo.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, inkathi yokuzala iphakathi kukaZibandlela no-April, nokho, kungabonakala ukuthi phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebruwari lapho zibonakala zenza isenzo sazo sokukhwelana noma ukuhlangana.
Ezisikazi zinokushisa okukodwa okuhlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-1 neziyisi-6. Isenzo sokukhwelana noma ukuhlangana singahlala cishe imizuzu engama-26, kuyilapho umjikelezo wokukhulelwa uthatha izinsuku ezingama-52. Inani lenzalo lizohluka kuye ngempilo kamama, insikazi enempilo inamathuba amaningi okuba nenzalo eningi, lokhu kuphinde kuthonywe inani lokudla engakuthola, ukuvuthwa kwayo ngokobulili kanye nenani lezimpungushe emhlambini. .indawo.
Lapho izimpungushe ezimbili zinezingane ezincane ebusika, zombili zibambisana ukuze ziwakhulise ndawonye, ama-litter ngokuvamile akhiwa ama-skunk aphakathi kuka-4 no-6. Udoti omkhulu kunawo wonke owake wabhalwa emlandweni kwakuyimidlwane engu-13.
Amancane azalwa embozwe umhlambi (uboya bezingane), kuthatha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisi-8 neziyi-14 ukuvula amehlo kanye nesikhathi esingangenyanga ukuphuma emhumeni okokuqala. Ngemva kwamasonto angu-8 e-visa uboya bakhe buba umbala okhilimu futhi isisindo sakhe singafinyelela ikhilogremu.
Imidlwane ilunyulwa lapho inamasonto ayi-9 ubudala. Phakathi kwamasonto ayi-7 noma ayi-10 sebevele sebekwazi ukushiya imigodi yabo unomphela futhi ukuvuthwa kwabo ngokocansi kufika lapho sebenezinyanga eziyisi-9 noma eziyi-10 ubudala, lokhu kusho ukuthi bazokwazi ukuqala ukuzala esikhathini esilandelayo sokukhwelana ngemva kokuzalwa.
Izimpungushe zasendle zivame ukungeqi iminyaka emi-3 yokuphila, ngenxa yakho konke okufanele zikunqobe ukuze ziphile futhi zinqobe izimo zezulu nezinkathi ezihlukahlukene zonyaka. Esikhundleni salokho, ekuthunjweni, bangaphila cishe iminyaka eyi-12. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isikhathi sabo kanye nezinga lempilo yabo ekuthunjweni kuyefana nezezinja nezimpisi ezinalesi simo.
Ubudlelwano bezimpungushe ezibomvu nezinye izinhlobo
Naphezu kokuba namandla nokucasha kwawo, izimpungushe ezibomvu zinezilwane ezidla ezinye ezingokwemvelo, kuhlanganise nezimpisi, izinkozi ezisagolide, ama-cougar namabhere. Ezinye izilwane ezizidlayo ama-boreal lynx, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lapho zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlala endaweni efanayo inani lezimpungushe livame ukuncipha, nakuba lingavamile kakhulu, lokhu cishe kwenzeka njalo ebusika, ngoba ukushoda kokudla kubangela futhi. entwasahlobo, lesi yisikhathi lapho izimpungushe zivame ukuhlola izindawo futhi zivezwe.
ENyakatho Melika, impungushe ebomvu ihlanganyela ngobuningi bayo bezinhlobo nezimpungushe ezimpunga, nakuba zombili lezi zinhlobo ziqhelelene kakhulu ngokuthanda kwazo indawo yokuhlala, ngoba ziphikisana. Izimpungushe ezivamile zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, amagquma anezinkuni, osebeni lwemifula. Zingatholakala emaxhaphozini, ezintabeni nasezindaweni lapho amahlathi egcwele khona, njengoba ngale ndlela ungayisebenzisa kakhulu ukuze uzuze lapho wenza ukuhlasela kwakho okumangazayo. I-gray fox, ngakolunye uhlangothi, naphezu kokuthi incane kunempungushe ebomvu, ibhekwa njengesilwane esizingelayo esinolaka futhi esinamandla.
Nakuba impungushe empunga ibusa phezu kwempungushe ebomvu, le yakamuva ingaphezu kwesigaba sezimpungushe zase-arctic njengoba zincane kakhulu futhi zizolile. Olunye uhlobo lwempungushe eqhudelana nempungushe ebomvu kodwa esesimweni esibucayi yi- kid fox, ngoba njengoba negama layo lisho, incane futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, isengozini yokushabalala, ngakho abantu bayo bayindlala.
Kutholakale ukuthi kulezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona izimpungushe ezibomvu nama-coyote, izimpungushe zivame ukungahlali endaweni yama-coyote njengoba kubonakala sengathi zikhetha ukuzigwema futhi zingabi engozini yokulwa nazo. Ngezikhathi ezike zabonwa zithintana bodwa endle, zibonakala zixabene noma zinganaki nje.
Ngokujwayelekile ama-coyote yiwona anolaka kakhulu phakathi kwazo zombili lezi zinhlobo, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi yizona ezivame ukuqala izingxabano, ngoba kuze kube manje akukaze kube khona amarekhodi lapho sibona khona ukuthi impungushe ebomvu yiyona eqala ukulwa phakathi kwalezi izinhlobo ezimbili.ngaphandle uma imidlwane yabo iseduze nabo, lapho uma ubona ukuthi ubutha buqala empungusheni, ngoba bavikela imidlwane yabo. Okumangaze abaningi ukuthi zombili lezi zinhlobo zike zabonakala zidla ndawonye, akuvamile, kodwa kuye kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile
Izimpungushe ezivamile zihlanganyela ukudla nezimpungushe zegolide, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezimbili zihlala ndawonye futhi zihlanganyela indawo kwa-Israyeli. Izimpungushe ezibomvu zihlala ziziba izimpawu ezishiywe izimpungushe ezindaweni zazo, nokho zincamela ukugwema ukuhlangana ubuso nobuso nezimpungushe.
Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi uma kunenani elikhulu lezimpungushe endaweni, izimpungushe ziyancipha kakhulu, kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokubhekana njalo nokudla nokuthi impungushe ebomvu inesimo esibi ngokumelene nezimpungushe zegolide.
Kwezinye izindawo zase-Europe, amabheji ase-Europe abonakale ebulala imidlwane ebomvu. Lezi zibili ziqhudelana ngokudla okuncane: okuthosiwe, amagundane, amaqanda, izilwane ezingenamgogodla. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azivamile ukubonakala zinobudlova komunye nomunye, kunalokho ekuhlanganeni phakathi kwazo okuye kwabonwa, zikhetha ukuhamba indlela yokunganaki. Kukhona namarekhodi lapho izimpungushe zibonwa zabelana ngemigodi yazo namabheja aseYurophu. Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi naphezu kwakho konke kukhona ukuphilisana phakathi kwabo.
I-Red Fox Behaviour
Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo izimpungushe ezibomvu ezinazo kanye nezindawo ezihlukene ezihlala kuzo, zingaba nokuziphatha okuhluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, njengoba kunjalo ukuthi ungabona ngisho nokuthi, naphezu kokusobala ukuthi ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo, zenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Zibonakala ziyizinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane.
Ezindaweni lapho izimpungushe kufanele zihlalisane khona nabantu, kungaqashelwa ukuthi zivame ukuphuma futhi zisebenze kakhulu phakathi nokuhwalala noma ebusuku ngoba kuphephile kuzo. Ngokuvamile ziyizilwane ezizingela zodwa, kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqomisana zingabonakala zidla noma zizingela ndawonye, kanye nalezo ezinsikazi ezizala. Uma ukudla abakuthola sekungaphezu kwalokho abangakudla ngosuku, bayakungcwaba futhi bakugcine ukuze bakudle kamuva.
Ama-Vulpes yizilwane zendawo, ahlala evikela izindawo zawo. Ebusika zingabonakala zigada ngababili, njengoba leso ngokuvamile kuyinkathi yokukhwelana, kuyilapho ehlobo zibonakala zigada indawo yazo zodwa. Ububanzi bendawo yayo buyahlukahluka kuye ngenani lokudla leyo ndawo enakho, uma umhlaba unokudla okuyinsada, indawo yawo izofinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-12. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inokuhluka okuncane kokuphakelayo, inganwetshwa ifike kumthamo ongafika ku-50 km2.
Indlela impungushe ephawula ngayo indawo yayo iwukuhlikihla indlala eduze nomsila wayo ezindaweni ezithile. Le ndlala ikhiqiza into enephunga elinamandla elakhiwe ama-thiols (into efana nesulfure) nama-thioacetates. Lezi zinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali emvelo zifana nalezo ezitholakala kuma-skunk, nakuba leyo etholakala ezimpungushe incane ngobuningi.
Iphunga elinamandla abalivezayo lapho bemaka indawo lingatholwa abantu abangaphakathi kwendawo engaba amamitha angu-2 noma 3. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nama-skunk, izimpungushe azisebenzisi lesi phunga njengendlela yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane noma eziphilayo, ziyisebenzisela ukuhlukanisa indawo yazo kuphela.
Izimpungushe ngaphakathi kwensimu yazo zinenani elikhulu lemihume ehlakazekile kuyo yonke indawo, lezi kungenzeka ukuthi zenziwe yi-fox ngokwayo noma kungenzeka ukuthi zintshontshe kwezinye izilwane eziphephela emihumeni. Izimpungushe ezibomvu zinomhume owodwa omkhulu, lona uvame ukuba mkhulu kunawo wonke futhi yilapho ezichitha khona ubusika nalapho ezinsikazi zizala khona futhi zichitha amasonto azo okuqala okuphila. Imihume emincane ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukugcina ukudla noma izindawo zokukhosela eziphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo igadiwe futhi kukhona okubenza bafune ukucasha.
Indlela izimpungushe ezibomvu ezixhumana ngayo zodwa kungomsindo noma ngomzimba. Ikakhulukazi, amalungu omkhaya owodwa athambekele ekukhulumisaneni okwengeziwe. Izimpungushe zinemisindo ehlukene eziyisebenzisela ukuxhumana, ukuxwayisana ngengozi noma ukubizana zodwa. Enye indlela yokuxhumana iwukuhogela, lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi baphawule ukudla kwabo, imigodi kanye nendawo ngomchamo, indle noma ngento ekhiqizwe indlala yabo yephunga.
Ingabe impungushe ebomvu ingaba isilwane esifuywayo?
Kuya ngokuya kuvame ukubona amavidiyo ezingosini zokuxhumana lapho kuboniswa khona izimpungushe ezibomvu ziphila phakathi kwabantu futhi ziqeqeshwa njengokungathi ziyizilwane ezifuywayo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu abantu abaningi baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingafuywa yini, njengoba kunjalo.Izinja namakati . Kodwa-ke, kufanele sihlale sikhumbula ukuthi izimpungushe ezibomvu nazo zonke izinhlobo zazo ezingaphansi Izilwane zasendle banemizwa yemvelo futhi ingaba yingozi. Yingakho kunganconywa ukuzigcina njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Kufanele sihlale sikhumbula ukuthi izilwane zasendle zingezemvelo futhi kufanele zihlale lapho, lokhu kuzosiza izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuthi ziphile futhi kunciphise ukuphathwa kabi kuzo.
Izimpungushe ezibomvu kanye nomuntu
Abantu bebelokhu benemibono emibili mayelana nezimpungushe, omunye wabo awuthandwa nhlobo, isilwane basithatha njengesilokazane ngoba bezingela izinkukhu zabo noma ezinye izilwane ezincane, abanye abantu bayababaza futhi bayazithanda izimpungushe kwazise ziyizibonelo ezinhle, zihlakaniphile futhi zinesibindi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uboya balolu hlobo buye bafiswa kakhulu iminyaka eminingi, hhayi nje kuphela i-fox ebomvu kodwa nemindeni ehlukene yalolu hlobo.
Namuhla abaningi basola izimpungushe ezibomvu ngokuthwala amarabi, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu abawafuni futhi kukhona nabathatha isinqumo sokuwalimaza baze bawabulale. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-documentaries amaningi akhomba wona njengabasiza ngokuqondile kwezolimo njengoba angakwazi ukunciphisa amagundane nezilokazane kakhulu, okubangele ukulimala kwezilimo ezimbalwa.
Nakuba ukuphela kwendawo emhlabeni lapho impungushe ebomvu ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezivikelwe yi-Hong Kong, kunamazwe amaningi avimbele ukuzingela izimpungushe, okuhlanganisa: i-United Kingdom, i-Scotland, i-England ne-Wales. Lezi zinguquko zokuvinjelwa kokuzingela ziye zasiza kakhulu izilwane ukuba zilondolozwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo amazwe amaningi azojoyina lesi sizathu futhi avimbele lesi siko esinonya esingabulali izimpungushe ezibomvu kuphela, kodwa nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
izimpungushe ezibomvu ngokwesiko
Izimpungushe beziyingxenye yamasiko amaningi amazwe ahlukahlukene amakhulu eminyaka, ziyingxenye yezinganekwane kanye nenganekwane yezizwe ezahlukahlukene. ENyakatho Melika, e-Asia naseYurophu bangabonakala bevela nasezinhlelweni zethelevishini nasemabhayisikobho njengabantu abayimfihlakalo abanobuntu obuqinile. Babhekwa njengezilwane ezinobuqili obungenakuqhathaniswa obuvame ukukhohlisa izisulu zabo, kodwa futhi banconywa yilabo abawazi ubuhlakani babo namandla abo.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, inganekwane yaseYurophu ihlanganisa ukuhlanganyela kwezimpungushe, ikakhulukazi ezinganekwaneni zika-Aesop, La Fontaine noSamaniego. Kulezi zindaba impungushe yaziwa njengezidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ezinobuqili, ngakho-ke izindima zazo kungaba isixhwanguxhwangu, umqili, umqili, ohlakaniphile, ohlakaniphile futhi oqaphelayo. Izimfanelo zabo ziningi, ngakho bangadlala noma iyiphi indima emlandweni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqikithi yalokho okukholelwa ukuthi ubuntu bempungushe.
Osomlando abaningi bayakufakazela ukuthi kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi kuya kuNguquko YaseFrance kwakuyimpungushe eyayithathwa ezindabeni njengemelela abalimi, njengoba babencoma isilwane esincelisayo ngokuba izidalwa ezinobuqili ezishintsha amaqiniso ukuze zizuze njalo, kanjalo nokuthi baqhathanisa lokho futhi bacabanga ukuthi kwakuyisu eliphelele lokusebenzisa ukuze bakwazi ukunqoba umbuso, ibandla kanye nobukhosi.
EJapane, izinganekwane nazo zisebenzisa impungushe njengengxenye yomlando wayo. Ezweni lase-Rising Sun, impungushe yaziwa ngokuthi iKitsune (狐 [きつね]) okusho ukuthi "impungushe", okuyimimoya yasehlathini enesibopho sokuvikela ihlathi kanye nezakhamizi ezihlala eduze nedolobha. ihlathi bayalivikela.
Esikweni lamaJapane baziwa nangokuthi izidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezinamandla omlingo eziwasebenzisela ukuvikela, la mandla ayanda njengoba impungushe ikhula ngeminyaka nolwazi. Ngokwenganekwane yaseJapane nenganekwane, indlela elula yokwazi iminyaka namandla empungushe iwukuba ngomsila wayo, lapho iba neminyaka eminingi, amandla kanye nolwazi enayo, kuba mkhulu inani lemisila enayo. Impungushe enamandla kakhulu izoba okungenani nemisila eyisishiyagalolunye futhi ngesi-Japanese yaziwa ngokuthi i-kyuubi no kitsune okusho ukuthi "impungushe enemisila eyisishiyagalolunye" (九尾の狐 [きゅうびのきつね]).
I-kitsune yaziwa ngokuxhumana ngqo nonkulunkulu wamaShinto, u-Inari. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zaseJapane, ama-kitsunes ayizithunywa ezihlanganisa abantu nonkulunkulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibhekwa njengezihlobo zika-Inari, isihlobo sinendima efanayo neseva, umsebenzi wabo ukusiza inkosi yabo nokumvikela.
AmaKitsune angasuka ekubeni nesilwane aye ekutholeni ukubukeka komuntu (ikakhulukazi owesifazane), ezindabeni eziningi kuye kwaziwa ukuthi nakuba ethatha ubunikazi bawo "be-humanoid" angakwazi ukufeza indima evame ukuyifeza owesifazane, angaba. ingxenye yomndeni noma isithandwa. Ezinye izindaba zithi basebenzisa “ubuntu” babo ukusondela endodeni ukuze badlale ngayo. Bahlale bejabule futhi benamandla achichimayo, yingakho behlala bekhuthele.
Iminikelo ivame ukwethulwa kulezi zidalwa zezinganekwane njengokungathi zingonkulunkulu, kukhona ngisho namahlathi lapho ungathola khona amathempeli amancane anikezelwe kuphela ku-kitsune. I-kitsune yaseJapane yabelana ngokufana okuthile nezimpungushe zamasiko angomakhelwane njengaseKorea lapho zaziwa khona ngokuthi "Kumiho" futhi ngesiShayina zibizwa ngokuthi "Huli Jing".
Ukuhweba izikhumba zabo
Uboya be-Fox bebufunwa futhi baziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo kanye nephalethi yombala. Kuthiwa eNew England, abantu bomdabu babebheka i-fox pelt eyodwa njengemali elingana nezinhlamvu ezingu-40 ze-beaver. Kungakho lapho inkosi yesizwe ivuma ukuthatha uboya bempungushe obuyisiliva njengesipho, lokhu kwathathwa njengomyalezo osobala wokuthi kwakuvunyelwene ngesithembiso sokuthula phakathi kwesizwe esisodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Phakathi kwama-palettes ombala ama-fox avamile, okufunwa kakhulu futhi okufiswa kakhulu yizimpungushe zesiliva, njengoba lo mbala ungavamile, utholakala kakhulu ngokuzalanisa izimpungushe ekuthunjweni. Abantu abaningi sekuyisikhathi eside bezinikele ekuzaleni lezi zimpungushe ukuze kamuva bamakethe izikhumba zabo. Lokhu kwaqala eCanada ngo-1878.
Uboya be-Fox busetshenziselwa ukwakha izingubo ezahlukene, kusukela kuma-scarves kuya kumajazi. Njengamanje kunamaqembu amaningi abantu abamelene nalokhu, iningi labo lingabantu abathanda ukuvikelwa kwezilwane futhi abalwela ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwalezi zikhumba, ngoba abakholelwa ukuthi kulungile ukuthi ngokuzalela umhlatshelo wokuphila isilwane esinelungelo elifanayo lokuphila njengomuntu.
Ingabe impungushe ebomvu iyisilwane esizingelayo?
Abalimi abaningi abazithandi kakhulu izimpungushe ezibomvu njengoba zingenye yezilwane ezidla ezinye Izilwane zasekhaya, phakathi kwabo kunogwaja, amakati, izinja, izinkukhu noma ezinye izilwane zasepulazini. Ukuze ugweme lolu hlobo lokuhlasela, abafuyi abaningi bamapulazi noma abalimi bakhetha ukuvalela izilwane zabo emakhejini, lokhu kusiza ukuzihlukanisa nezimpungushe futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibavimbele ekuhlaselweni.
Uma umlimi ekhetha ukusebenzisa uthango ukuze ahlukanise imfuyo yakhe nempungushe, kufanele ibe nokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha amabili, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi azikho izinto noma izindawo ezingasetshenziswa noma ezigibela eduze kwayo futhi lokho kuyenza ibe khona. lula ukuthi impungushe ingene esibayeni isuka phezulu. Kodwa-ke, akukho kulokhu okuqinisekile nge-100%, njengoba kukhona amarekhodi lapho izimpungushe zibonwa zikhwela phezu kocingo lwensimbi futhi zingena ukuze zizingele inyamazane yazo.
Ngaphandle kokuphakama, ucingo noma ikheji kufanele libe noma libe endaweni eqinile engavumeli impungushe ukuthi imbe futhi ingangena ngemva kokumba umsele. Uma impungushe ingena kwezinye zalezi zakhiwo, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthi ithole inyamazane yayo ngoba indawo izoncipha futhi ingabi nandawo yokubalekela. Impungushe ingase ingabulali inyamazane eyodwa kuphela kodwa eziningana.
Inyama evame kakhulu yempungushe ebomvu epulazini yizinkukhu, noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nesibindi sokuzingela ezinye izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinkomo, amawundlu, izimbuzi, izimvu noma ezinye izilwane ezincane ezilula ukuzibulala. Izohlasela kuphela enye yalezi zilwane njengabantu abadala ngezikhathi lapho ukudla kuyindlala kakhulu noma lapho sekunesikhathi eside ingadli.
Impungushe yaseMayan ibamba inyamazane yayo lapho ilele, lokhu kungaziwa ngoba ukuhlaselwa kokulunywa kuvame ukuba sentanyeni noma emhlane. Ukuhlasela kwempungushe ebomvu ezilwaneni zasebayeni kuhlukaniswa kalula nokwezimpisi ngoba izimpungushe azivamisile ukubangela ukuphuka kwezilwane ezizidlayo, ngokungafani nezimpisi eziphula amathambo ngamazinyo ngenkathi zidla.
Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi inyamazane ezingelwayo inyamalale endaweni lapho ukuhlasela kwenzeke khona, njengoba izimpungushe ngokuvamile zithatha umzimba wonke wesilwane ziwuyise emphandwini wazo, ngoba lapho zizogcina okusele noma zihlanganyele ukudla kwazo namawundlu aso. Nakuba esigabeni sawo sokuqala sokuphila imidlwane idla ubisi lwebele lukanina, kamuva iqala ukudla ukudla okulethwa unina emphandwini.
