Ama-octopus yizilwane ezingavamile. Kulesi sihloko, sihlose ukucacisa okunye ukungabaza okufanayo futhi siphawule kwezinye izinto ezithokozisayo, izinganekwane namaqiniso. Uyazi ukuthi zingaki izinhliziyo ingwane enazo?
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-octopus, qhubeka ufunda, sizokucacisa lokhu kungabaza nokunye, ngoba nakuba kubonakala sengathi kuthathwe ku-movie eqanjiwe yesayensi, ingwane inezinhliziyo ezingaphezu kweyodwa!
Ingwane, isilwane esibonakala siyimfihlakalo
Ku-zoology, ama-octopus ayingxenye ye-phylum ama-molluscs kanye nekilasi umabhebhana. Kuleli klasi kukhona ingwane, i-cuttlefish, i-cuttlefish kanye ne-nautilus. Ama-octopus angaba ngosayizi ukusuka 2,5 cm kuze kufike ku-4 m, izitho zalo zeluliwe, futhi zinesisindo kusuka 1 g kuya ku-15 kg.
Ingwane iyisilwane esingenamgogodla esilinganayo ngokulinganayo, nakuba sinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili. Inezinyo noma izinyo enkabeni yomzimba wayo, ebizwa ngokuthi a ukuphakama, ngokufana noqhwaku lwezinyoni. Imilenze eyisishiyagalombili esukela phansi kwekhanda layo.
Kuyisilwane esaziwa ngobuchopho baso obukhulu, iyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ezaziwayo ezingenamgogodla. Ama-octopus nawo anamehlo athuthuke kakhulu kunesilinganiso sezilwane eziningi. Lona umqondo abawusebenzisa kakhulu, futhi bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-polarization yokukhanya ekujuleni kwamamitha. yisilwane esina ukufunda okukhulu namandla enkumbulo. Eqinisweni, ibhekwa njengenye yezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezaziwayo kuze kube manje.
Ingwane inezinhliziyo ezingaki?
Nokho, abantu abaningi bayamangala ukuthi ama-octopus anawo izinhliziyo ezintathu ezitholakala ekhanda. Ama-octopus yizilwane ezishesha kakhulu futhi zihlala zihamba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zidinga umoya-mpilo omningi kunezinye izilwane ukuze zimpompe igazi emizimbeni yazo, yingakho zinezinhliziyo ezintathu.
Imisebenzi yalezi zinhliziyo ezintathu iyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhliziyo ezimbili zinesibopho sokuthwala igazi eline-deoxygenated liyise ezindongeni zazo. Futhi inhliziyo yesithathu iyisebenzisela ukumpompa igazi elinothe komoyampilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhliziyo zayo ezintathu kuyenza izinze futhi imelane emanzini.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo mayelana nama-octopus
Uma sekucaciswe umbuzo wokuthi zingaki izinhliziyo ingwane esezicacisiwe, sizokutshela ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo mayelana nama-octopus angeke akushiye ungenandaba uma ufunda.
Umthamo wezinzwa omkhulu wama-octopus
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ama-octopus aye ahlakulela amakhono anamandla ezinzwa. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zibone kangcono indawo yazo futhi zifunde kuyo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinzwa zabo zinamandla kangangokuthi ama-octopus bangakwazi ukuhlonza indawo yabo ngqo ngokuhlobene nesikhala abakuso. Kube nezimo zama-octopus ekuthunjweni afunda ukuvula amathini okudla ngisho neminyango ye-aquarium.
Lesi silwane esingenamgogodla sidla kakhulu ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs, kodwa nezinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-carrion. Kuyisilwane esitholakala cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamakhorali.
Ama-octopus: amakhosi okufihla emhlabeni wasolwandle
Ama-Chromatophores. Izingulube ezikhona esikhumbeni sama-octopus.
Ingwane isilwane esingenalo ulaka esincamela ukunganakwa, sihlangane nendawo esizungezile noma sibalekela abahlaseli baso. Ungakwazi ukulawula ukubukeka kwesikhumba sakho ngokubamba imisipha ethile, okwenza isikhumba sazo sibonakale sisimangele, okwandisa ithuba lokuhlangana nendawo ezizungezile.
Ngokuqondene nombala, banesikhwama esincane sezingulube (ama-chromatophore) ku-epidermis yabo ukuthi bangavula futhi bavale ngokuthanda kwabo ukushintsha ukuma nombala wabo. Uma bekufanele siyinikeze i-Oscar ngokucasha, ngokuqinisekile ingwane ingawina.
Umbala onjani igazi le-octopus?
Kude kubonakale njengenganekwane, ama-octopus anegazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezilwaneni eziningi, i-molecule ehambisa umoya-mpilo i-hemoglobin. Kodwa endabeni ye-octopus, i- i-hemocyanin Yi-molecule enesibopho sokuthutha umoya-mpilo.
Futhi ubangelwa yini lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Hhayi-ke, kuvela ukuthi ukwakheka kwale molekyuli yenethiwekhi iqukethe okuningi ithusi, okunikeza igazi lakho lolo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi, i-hemocyanin inokunye ukusetshenziswa kwama-octopus. Yinto leyo iwagcina efudumele ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro.
Octopus, ukuqomisana kanye nokuzalana
- Ukuqomisana: izingwane enkantolo ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge ukunyakaza umzimba, sengathi umdanso. Zivame ukusebenzisa i-pigments esikhumbeni sazo ukuze zenze ukukhanya okukhazimulayo, okuzenza zigqame futhi zibonakale zizikhudlwana, ukuze zihehe abesifazane. Bafuna kakhulu uma kuziwa ekukhetheni umlingani. Eqinisweni, amaduna alwa ngobudlova ukuze ezinsikazi zingahlangani namanye amaduna.
- Ukukhiqiza kabusha: Ama-octopus wesifazane ngokuvamile azalela amaqanda kanye kuphela ezimpilweni zawo. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi iqiniso lokuthi zizala kanye kuphela lenzeka kwabesilisa. Izingwane zesilisa zivame ukufa emasontweni ambalwa ezinsikazi sezivundisiwe. Incazelo yalesi sizathu ukuthi ezinsikazi zivikela amaqanda azo aze achanyuselwe, azivamile ukuphuma ngisho nokuyodla, ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile zibulawa yindlala. Esimeni sezinsikazi ezifuywe ekuthunjweni, zingazala izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaduna nawo avame ukuba nokuphila okufushane ngenxa yokuthi achitha amandla amaningi ekuqomeni nasekuzalaneni nensikazi, nakuba maningi amathuba okuthi amanye aphile isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
Uhlelo lwe-locomotor: Ahamba kanjani ama-octopus?
Ngenxa yamathente azokwazi ukunyakaza emanzini ngesivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa a uhlelo lwejethi. Uhlelo lusekelwe ekuthatheni amanzi futhi siwagcine emisipha yakho. Bese beyidedela ngomfutho belungisa lapho abafuna ukuya ngakhona.
Lolu hlelo olucoliseke kakhulu lwe-jet propulsion lusanda kuhlanganiswa ezikebheni ezincane ukuze kube lula ukuhamba.
octopus ezinobuthi
Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-octopus avame ukuba nobuthi obungaphezulu noma obuncane, kodwa ingwane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyabulala kubantu. Le octopus ingeyohlobo I-Happalochlaena, ohlala e i-Pacific Ocean, futhi inobuthi obuningi. Lolu hlobo lugcina ubuthi obunamandla kakhulu ezindlaleni zalo zamathe, i i-tetrodotoxin. Le nto iyatholakala futhi ku- I-Blowfish.
Ubuthi bujovwa kulowo ohlukunyeziwe ngamazinyo anjengoqhwaku lwengwane. Amathuba okuthi le octopus ihlasele abantu mancane kakhulu. Lolu hlobo aluvamile ukudlula 15 cm futhi kufanele ukukhumbule lokho uyisilwane esinamahloni futhi asibathandi abantu, ngakho-ke, izosebenza kuphela lapho isesimweni esiyingozi.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ama-octopus ayizilwane ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngeshwa, i- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ishiya izilwandle zisesimweni esisengozini kakhulu. Izilwane eziningi zasemanzini zingena ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, futhi kwabanye sekwephuze kakhulu. Sithemba ukuthi usithandile lesi sihloko sokuthi zingaki izinhliziyo ingwane enazo nokuthi ufunde elinye ilukuluku mayelana nama-octopus.