Kulesi sihloko uzofunda yini amanani, ukuthi ziyini nokuthi zisebenza kanjani emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke hlala nathi, ngoba kuzoba isihloko esithakazelisa kakhulu. Uzomangala!.
Amanani entengo nokubaluleka kwawo emhlabeni
Ayini amanani entengo?
Izikhathi eziningi sizwile ngama-tariffs; emithonjeni yezindaba, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, uma abantu bephawula ngayo, kodwa uke wacabanga ngakho, ingabe incazelo yayo iyaziwa ngempela?
Yigama elisetshenziswa ezindabeni zansuku zonke esizibonayo, lapho amazwe "enyusa amanani", "enqaba amanani aphezulu", nokunye. Hhayi-ke, asihambe kalula, sizokuchazela.
Imali yentela intela, okungukuthi, inani noma inani elinikezwa ezinye zezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano, noma izimpahla ezinemvelo yokungenisa nokuthekelisa.
Uma ufuna ukuthumela umkhiqizo kwelinye izwe, ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezivamile (i-ejensi yezokuthutha yamazwe ngamazwe), kuzodingeka ukhokhele ukupakishwa, isisindo, ukuthumela, umshuwalense uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, imali ekhethekile eza yiba intela: (kulokhu, intela).
Zenzelwe ini?
Izintela zaziwa njengemisebenzi yentela, okungukuthi, uchungechunge lwemithethonqubo esebenza njengomthetho womphakathi osungula isabelomali sokukhokha sokungena nokuphuma kokuthengiswayo okuhlukene endaweni yamasiko: (izindawo lapho lokhu kushintshana kwezentengiselwano kwenziwa khona, kusukela noma amanzi , umoya noma umhlaba, lapho kusebenza khona umthetho wamasiko).
Lezi zindleko zifeza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile; Okokuqala, kuvumela uMbuso isiqinisekiso somthombo wemali engenayo oya kumgcinimafa womphakathi. Futhi okwesibili, isebenza njengesithiyo sokuvikela kweminye imikhakha yezomnotho engase ithikamezeke ukufika kwemikhiqizo evela kwezinye izindawo, okuba ukuncintisana kwabo emakethe.
Ngale ndlela, imikhiqizo efikayo izophoqeleka ukuba iguqule intengo yayo yokugcina futhi ngale ndlela, ngeke ikwazi ukuphazamisa ukuhweba kazwelonke, ngezikali zayo ezihlukene.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kunezivumelwano ngamanani entengo; lokhu kungenzeka phakathi kukahulumeni nezinye izinkampani, noma kuhulumeni kuya kuhulumeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ukuze kube nomthelela ngandlela thize, umnotho wezimakethe zamazwe athile noma izifunda.
Wonke amazwe ahlukanisa futhi asungule amanani entengo yawo emikhiqizweni ezongena noma ezophuma ezweni. Kwezinye izimo, amanani entengo angaqedwa, ngaleyo ndlela adale ukuphathwa okukhethekile kwamanye amakhasimende.
Izinhlobo zezintela
Manje sizochaza izinhlobo zamazinga aphathwa emhlabeni wonke, zintathu kuphela:
- I-Ad Valorem: Isho ukuthi "inani" noma "inani elengeziwe", iwuhlobo lwentela, lapho kusetshenziswa isilinganiso senani lokuthengiswayo kukonke. Okusho ukuthi, iphesenti eyengeziwe yengezwa enanini eliphelele lomthwalo. Isibonelo: Uma isamba somthwalo sinenani elingu-$1000, i-Ad Valorem ingaba ngu-5%. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhokha impahla eyi-$1000 kanye no-$50 owengeziwe njengomsebenzi.
- Okucacile: Imali enqunywa kusengaphambili futhi izoncika kumayunithi omthwalo okuthengiswayo, noma enanini elithile. Singabeka njengesibonelo: Ekuthunyelweni kokuthengiswayo kwe-"X", kufanele ukhokhe u-$1000 ngethani ngalinye le-metric.
- Kuhlanganisiwe: Lezi zindleko zizoncika esivumelwaneni esimiswe ngaphambili, lapho okuthengiswayo kungalinganiswa ngenani eliphelele lomthwalo wakho, kanye ne-Ad Valorem, bese kukhokhwa amanani ahambisanayo eyunithi ngayinye: (ngokuqondile). Okusho ukuthi, izinkokhelo ze-tariff zizohlanganiswa kulokho okuthengiswayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintela ngokuya ngempahla ethengiswayo
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokungenisa noma ukuthekelisa (kunoma yiziphi izimo) okuthengiswayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlukaniswa kwentela, hhayi nje njengengxenye yemithetho yenqubo yentela, kodwa ukwazi inqubo ehambisanayo uma kwenzeka kunoma yisiphi isimo.
Abantu abaningi abakunaki lokhu, kodwa kuyisihluthulelo futhi kubalulekile ekufezeni ukuhleleka nokuvumelana encazelweni yemikhiqizo, ngaphezu kokuba nephesenti eliphezulu lokuphepha ekuthunyelweni.
Ukuhlukaniswa kususelwa kumakhodi ezinombolo adalwe yi-World Customs Organisation (WCO), ukuze imikhiqizo ikhonjwe kahle, amanani entengo adingekayo ayasungulwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwempahla nempahla, phakathi kwezinye izinjongo esizozisho ngezansi:
- Ivumela ukusebenza okungcono emisebenzini yokungenisa nokuthekelisa.
- Isiza ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhodi ezinombolo okuthengiswayo ngakunye.
- Ifinyelela indlela engcono yokusungula amanani entengo ahambisanayo.
- Thatha lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ezinkambisweni zamasiko: (izinqubomgomo zohwebo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, amanani okuthumela, imithetho yemvelaphi, isisindo - ibanga, phakathi kokunye.
Impact
Ukusungula amanani entengo emikhiqizweni kuyohlale iletha imiphumela engazuzisa abanye futhi ilimaze abanye.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma sikhuluma ngobudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene, izimboni (ezincane, eziphakathi nezinkulu) zibandakanyeka ngokusobala. Uma isizwe sizoba nobudlelwano obuhle nesinye, kungenzeka kube lula izindlela zokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili.
Ngale ndlela, kufinyelelwa izivumelwano lapho amanani entengo yezinhlobo ezithile zezimpahla angase ehliswe (lokhu kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwezivumelwano ezisayiniwe), futhi ezinye izintela zingase ziqedwe okwesikhashana. Iza ukuzoshaja kuphela isisindo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla.
Kodwa, kwenzekani uma izizwe zingazwani?Sine-United States ne-China njengesibonelo, ezivame ukukhuphula amanani entengo, zilimaze osomabhizinisi kuwo wonke amazinga, okuyibo okumele bakhokhele ukunyuswa kwezindleko. ngaleyo ndlela zibaphoqe ukuthi banyuse intengo yemikhiqizo yabo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokubaluleka kwezinkampani kanye nomthelela ezinawo emhlabeni, ngakho-ke ngikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo: Umthelela emphakathini.
Lokhu kwenza umkhiqizo wasekhaya uhambisane kakhulu nempahla engena ezweni, okubangela ukwanda kokuthengwa komkhiqizo wezwe futhi, ngamanani aphezulu, kulokhu, kuye ngokuthi izwe elikwenzayo, lizozuza ngemali eyengeziwe esizweni. .
Nansi eminye imiphumela engadalwa amanani entengo:
- Umthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo yoMbuso (intela).
- Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kuzwelonke.
- Kungathinta umthengi.
- Ukuncipha kokungena kwemikhiqizo ezweni.
- Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo okukhokhwa kuwo intela yentela uzoba nokwenyuka kwentengo yawo emakethe.
Ukubaluleka
Emhlabeni wembulunga yonke njenganamuhla, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyinto evamile futhi kubalulekile, ngoba umkhiqizo okhiqizwa elinye izwe uyohlale udingeka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isidingo sokudala nokubeka amanani kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze izizwe zizuze, (kungaba ngomkhiqizo abawutholayo kanye nentela ebekiwe, noma izwe elithumelayo, ngoba umthwalo ogcwele wempahla umelela imithombo emikhulu yemali ) .