Ilukuluku kungenzeka likwenze wazibuza yini impala? njengoba igama ngokwalo lingasikisela izinto eziningi. Phela, isilwane, ikakhulukazi, antelope Afrika. Umangele? Kungenzeka. Ngalesi gama lesi sidalwa esiyingxenye yohlobo “sesibhapathiziwe”. I-Aepyceros. Kuyisibonelo esihlala emathafeni amakhulu ase-Afrika nama-savannahs, izici zawo ezihlukile zenza kube isilwane esiyingqayizivele emhlabeni.
Impala hhayi kuphela ihlaba umxhwele ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecology yase-Afrika. Manje njengoba ususazi ukuthi isilwane sini, ngokuqinisekile ingqondo yakho ikuyise kulezo zigcawu zenganekwane ezivela kumadokhumentari emvelo athandwa kakhulu kuthelevishini nasemithonjeni yezindaba jikelele. Lapha siqhubeka kancane. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nalesi silwane, hlala nathi njengoba sizokutshela konke ngezansi.
Iyini impala? incazelo kanye nezici zomzimba
Impala iyinyamazane ehlala emathafeni ase-Afrika futhi igama layo lesayensi liwukuthi I-Aepyceros melampus.
Ibonakala ngomugqa wayo omuhle, one-anatomy encane ne-aerodynamic, eyivumela ukuthi igijime ngesivinini esikhulu. Uboya bawo buthambile futhi bufushane, nombala ofudumele wamathoni ansundu ohlanganiswe nezindawo ezithile ezimhlophe. Amehlo akhe makhulu futhi amnyama. Ngokuvamile, isilwane esibukeka kahle futhi sivame ukukhuthaza ekudalweni kwezilwane ezigxiliwe zezingane noma abalingiswa bekhathuni.
Noma kunjalo, isilwane esibonisa ukujwayela okuhle ukuze sisinde ngokumelene nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukushesha kwakhe okukhulu namehlo akhe amangalisayo. ngamehlo akhe amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala kulolu hlobo: kuyilapho abesilisa bebonisa i-antler spiral ebabazekayo efika kumasentimitha angu-90, abesifazane abanalo, futhi umzimba wabo ungase ube mncane kancane.
Indawo yokuhlala nokusatshalaliswa
impala Isatshalaliswa kabanzi kuyo yonke i-sub-Saharan esifundeni sase-Afrika: ukusuka eKenya nase-Uganda kudlule iTanzania, Zambia, Mozambique kanye neZimbabwe, kuya eBotswana kanye nenani labantu abangabodwa eningizimu ye-Angola nasenyakatho yeNamibia.
Le antelope ikhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezivulekile nezivulekile, kuhlanganisa amathafa, ama-savannah kanye nezindawo ezihlala emahlathini. Ukuguquguquka kwayo ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala kuyivumele ukuthi ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziningi ngaphakathi kwezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ukudla kanye namasu okusinda
impala Kuyisilwane esidla uhlaza esikhethayo esidla utshani ikakhulukazi. Isimiso sabo sokugaya esiyinkimbinkimbi silungiselelwa ukukhipha imisoco edingekayo ezitshalweni ezine-fibrous. Kuyisilwane esidla uhlaza, njengezinye izilwane eziningi ezidla uhlaza.
Isu labo eliyinhloko lokusinda lilele ekusheshiseni kwawo okukhulu ngokomzimba. Kuyisilwane esishesha futhi esilula, okwakheka kwaso kusivumela ukuba sigxume amabanga amade (kufika kumamitha ayi-10) futhi senze ukuphenduka okusheshayo, amakhono asizayo ukugwema ngempumelelo izilwane ezizidlayo eziyinhloko: amabhubesi, izingwe nezingulule (ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye yizi: izinja zasendle, izimpisi, izingwenya nezinhlwathi)
Ukuziphatha nokuxhumana nabantu
I-Socialization iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwama-impala. Lezi zinyamazane zihlangana ngamaqembu aziwa ngokuthi ama-harem, aholwa iduna elivelele.. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bancintisana ngobuholi ezingxabanweni ezinzima.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubambisana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe izinsongo nokuqinisekisa ukusinda kweqembu.
Kuyisilwane esibonisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okukhulu ezingeni lezenhlalo., njengoba singabona, iqiniso eliqinisekisa kokubili impumelelo yokuzala nokuzivikela okuphumelelayo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ukuzala
Ukuzala kwe-Impala kuxhumene kakhulu nenkathi yemvula, lapho ukutholakala kokudla kuphezulu. Lokhu kuyinto okumelwe ilindelwe, njengoba ukuzala kudinga isidingo esikhulu samandla, hhayi nje kuphela esenzweni ngokwaso kodwa nasekukhuliseni nasekufunzeni inzalo kamuva.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqhudelana ngokubusa "ku-harems" noma inhlangano yabesifazane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeka ngokushesha. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi simo esidlula ngokushesha kungaba yindlela yokunciphisa isikhathi sokuba sengozini izithandani ezidlula kuzo ngesikhathi socansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amathuba okuhlaselwa yizilwane ezingase zihlasele.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezingu-6-7. Ezinsikazi ngokuvamile zizala ingane eyodwa, nakuba zingazala ezimbili. Ngemva kokubeletha, amaphuphu acasha phakathi kwezitshalo emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, futhi iqembu lezenhlalakahle linikeza isivikelo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Njengoba ubona, ukuzala kabusha kwe-impala kubonisa isu eliguquguqukayo kakhulu elisebenzisa izimo ezivumayo zemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukuphila kwenzalo ekuqaleni kwayo, lapho isengozini kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo
Lezi zinyamazane zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yase-Afrika. Ngokuba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye, zisiza ukulawula inani lezilwane ezidla inyama nezilwane ezidla uhlaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuklama kwayo okukhethayo nakho kuthinta ukwakheka kwezitshalo, kube nomthelela wesakhiwo nempilo yendawo.
I-ecology encane
Abafundi abavamile balezi zihloko bazokwazi kakade ukubaluleka kwazo i-ecological strata nokuthi lezi zisakazwa kanjani ezilinganisweni ezahlukene zempendulo, okuvumela ukuba khona kwe-ecosystem njenge uhlelo lwe-bioenergy. I-Impala ingesinye isibonelo salokhu kuguquguquka: kuyilapho uhlobo lwazo lokudla lugcina uhlaza lungekho, iqiniso lokuthi ziyizilwane ezizingelayo linomthelela ebukhoneni bezilwane ezizidlayo. Njengabantu, lezo zigcawu lapho lesi silwane esithandekayo sihlaselwa khona ingonyama zingase zibonakale zingaphezu kwamandla ethu, kodwa imithetho yemvelo ibeka isidingo salezi zenzakalo ezenza kwenzeke. ukuhlalisana kwe-interspecific futhi i Logistics yokuphila emhlabeni.
Ukongiwa kwemvelo nezinselele
Nakuba impala ingekho engozini okwamanje, ibhekene nezinsongo ezinjengokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.. Imizamo yokuqwashisa nokongiwa kwemvelo ibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwalolu hlobo kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zase-Afrika. Kunemikhankaso eminingi ehamba ngale ndlela, hhayi nje ukugcinwa kwe-impala, kodwa naleyo yezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo we-impala usukela emndenini wezinkomo, I-Bovidae, okuhlanganisa izinyamazane, izimvu, izimbuzi nezinkomo. Impala iyingxenye yohlu I-Aepyceros kanye nomndeni ongaphansi I-Aepycerotinae, ngakho igama layo lesayensi lithi I-Aepyceros melampus, njengoba sesifundile kulesi sihloko.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okhokho bempala bahlukana kwezinye izinkomo eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisi-6 edlule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuguquguquka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwalolonga ukwakheka kwawo, ukuziphatha, nezici ezihlukile, njengezimpondo ezivunguzayo ezikhona kwabesilisa. Impumelelo yayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo isemandleni ayo okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emathafeni avulekile kuya emahlathini, ukwakha amasu okusinda amangalisayo, njengokugxuma okusheshayo ukuze kugwenywe izilwane ezidla ezinye esezishiwo kakade.
Ezigidini zeminyaka, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaqhubeka kulungisa i-impala, ukuyivumela ukuba iphumelele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zase-Afrika. futhi ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem ehlala kuyo.