I-Cinema, imidlalo yevidiyo kanye nochungechunge lukwazile ukukhulisa amasiko ahlukahlukene, noma ngabe amanje noma amadala. Enye yazo osekuneminyaka ethile idlondlobala yiNordic. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba indlela yabo yokuphila nezinkolelo zabo ezingokwenkolo kunikeza umdlalo omningi. Kodwa ubungazi kahle ukuthi iyini iViking? Uma kungenjalo, ngincoma ukuthi ubheke lesi sihloko.
Ngeke sichaze kuphela ukuthi iyini iViking, kodwa sizophinde siphawule ababedume kakhulu ngokomlando futhi zaziyini izinkolelo zabo ezingokwenkolo. Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe!
Iyini iViking futhi yenzani?
Uma sikhuluma ngamaViking. sibhekisela emaqhaweni aseNorse ake ahlasela. Babehlala emadolobheni avela eScandinavia futhi bagqama ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokuba amatilosi akhethekile kanye nokuhlasela okuhlukahlukene nokuphanga ababekwenza eYurophu. Nokho, kwakungeyona yonke into eyayiyizimpi nokuphanga. AmaViking nawo ayengabadobi nabalimi, naphezu kwesimo sezulu esibi samakhaya awo.
Ngokuqondene nowesifazane wamaViking, wadlala indima ephawuleka kakhulu njengowesifazane wendlu. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlobene ngokuqondile nomnotho wangasese futhi babewuqonda umsebenzi owengeziwe lapho amanye amalungu omkhaya, njengobaba namadodana, ephuma ekhaya ukuze ayokwenza izivivinyo, okwakungathatha amasonto noma ngisho izinyanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kutholwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo, abesifazane abangamaViking babehlonishwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babephethe ukuqhubeka kwamasiko emndenini nokuvikela udumo lomndeni wabo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi Abesifazane abangamaViking babenezinga elikhulu kakhulu lenkululeko uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasiko nemiphakathi yangaleso sikhathi. Babenamathuba ahlukahlukene uma kuziwa ekujoyineni umphakathi futhi lokhu kwakungancikile ebulilini babo, kodwa kunalokho esigabeni sabo senhlalo kanye nozalo lwabo. Ngakho-ke, kwakungeyona into engavamile ukuba owesifazane aye empini namadoda, noma enze indima ethile yezombangazwe, ngokwesibonelo. Abesifazane baseNordic bangenza imisebenzi ehlukene futhi kwakungekho ukulungiswa kokuzithoba kwabo okujwayelekile. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokuba umphakathi wamaViking usudlulele ebuKristwini.
Iyiphi iViking edume kakhulu?
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi iViking iyini, ake sikhulume ngayo okuphawuleka kakhulu. Kuze kube namuhla, cishe owaziwa kakhulu nguRagnar Lodbrok. Lokhu kungenxa yodumo lwayo emhlabeni wonke ngochungechunge olubizwa ngokuthi “AmaViking”, olugqugquzelwe indaba yale nganekwane yamaNorse. Nokho, akhona amanye amaViking aye agqama kuwo wonke umlando, njengalawa alandelayo:
- U-Erik the Red: Eyaziwa nangokuthi u-Erik Thorvaldsson, le Viking yazalelwa eNorway yanamuhla cishe ngonyaka wama-950, futhi yagqama ekubuseni iGreenland.
- Leif Erikson: Uyindodana ka-Erik the Red. Ngokwezinganekwane, leli Viking lafika eMelika ngaphambi kokuba uChristopher Columbus afike. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukushoda phakathi kwamaViking adume kakhulu emlandweni.
- I-Ragnar Lodbrock: Bobabili uRagnar Lodbrok nawo wonke amadodana akhe bangabantu abaziwayo emlandweni ngenani lokunqoba nokugasela abakwenzile eYurophu. Wayengumlingisi oyinhloko wochungechunge oluthi "AmaViking" owahola ibutho elikhulu lamaqaba elakwazi ukubusa ingxenye ebalulekile yaseNgilandi.
- I-Canute the Great: Le yinkosi yaseDenmark. Umsebenzi wakhe ophawuleka kakhulu wukukwazi ukunqoba yonke ingxenye esempumalanga yeNgilandi.
UHarald Haardrade
Phakathi kwamaViking adume kakhulu kumele sigqamise uHarald Haardrade, owaziwa nangokuthi uHarald the Merciless, ngoba kubhekwa ukuthi wayeyinkosi yokugcina yamaViking eyayikhona. Lapho esemncane kakhulu, wabalekela eConstantinople. Lapho, wayeyingxenye ye "Varega Guard", okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo unogada siqu ababusi baseByzantium.
Ngenxa yengcebo uHarald Haardrade ayiqongelela eConstantinople, wakwazi ukuhlanganyela umbuso waseNorway nomshana wakhe, owaziwa ngokuthi uMagnus I Omuhle, emnika ingxenye yempahla yakhe. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana, umshana wakhe wafa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile. Ukuze, UHarald the Merciless wakwazi ukuba umbusi oyedwa waseNorway.
Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi uWilliam the Bastard, kamuva owayezokwaziwa kangcono ngokuthi uMnqobi, wayefuna ukuthatha iNgilandi, uHarald waklama isihlahla ukuze abonise ukuthi unelungelo lokuba inkosi yaseNgilandi. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlanganyela nomfowabo weNkosi uHarold II yaseNgilandi, uTostig, ukuze baqoqe ibutho futhi banqobe lelo zwe. Behlela enyakatho futhi balibangisa edolobheni laseYork. INkosi uHarold II yahamba nebutho layo ifuna amaViking ahlaselayo kanye Wabulala inkosi yokugcina yamaViking e-Battle of Stamford Bridge. ikakhulukazi ngoSepthemba 25 wonyaka we-1066.
Yiziphi izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo amaViking ayenazo?
Njengoba abaningi benu sebazi kakade, amaViking ayekade ekhona amaqaba kanye nama-polytheists, okusho ukuthi babekholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi. Lezi zithixo zazimelela amandla emvelo neminye imibono eminingi. Phakathi kwabaziwa kakhulu u-Odin, indodana yakhe uThor kanye noFreya omuhle. Nokho, ukholo lwakhe lwashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ubuKristu baseScandinavia buqhubeka.
Ngokuphambene nalokho abantu abaningi abakukholelwayo, amaViking ayengewona wonke amaqaba afanayo ngaphambi kokuba aguqukele ebuKristwini. ubuKristu. Abaningi babo base beguqukile ngokuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungenzeka phakathi nokugasela kwamanye amazwe noma ngezindela eziyizithunywa zevangeli. Inani lamaViking angamaKristu lalikhula, okwenza ubuKristu buthathe indawo yobuqaba kancane kancane. Nokho, izinkolelo zasendulo zaqhubeka zikhona kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-XNUMX. Ushintsho olubalulekile emlandweni wamaViking lwenzeka lapho amakhosi awo eguquka futhi ebeka ukholo lobuKristu kubantu baseNorse.
Phakathi neminyaka yoguquko lwenkolo, inkolo yamaNorse ekholelwa kunkulunkulu abaningi yathonywa ubuKristu. Imithombo eminingi esinikeze ulwazi esinalo namuhla mayelana namaViking ibhalwe ngamaKristu. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinganekwane nezincazelo kunalokho kuhambisana nombono wobuKristu mayelana nezinganekwane zamaNorse.
Kuyacaca ukuthi umlando wamaViking wawuphawula kakhulu iYurophu ezikhathini zasendulo. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi izici eziningi ezihlobene nendlela yabo yokuphila namasiko ziye zatholakala, izinto eziningi zizohlala ziyimfihlakalo.