Imvelo iyindaba okuxoxwa ngayo njalo, ikakhulukazi ngoba iwumthombo oyinhloko wezinsiza zokuthuthukisa impilo njengoba yaziwa namuhla. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinsiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ngokweqile, i-ecosystem ibe nokuwohloka okuphawuleka kakhulu, yingakho kuzalwa incazelo evumela ukuhlukaniswa komonakalo owaziwa ngokuthi Ukuba sengozini Kwemvelo, masazise kancane ngakho nomthelela wawo emvelweni.
Ukuba sengozini kwemvelo
Igama elithi vulnerability lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi "vulnerabilis", okuyigama elihlanganiswe negama elithi "vulnus" elisho isilonda kanye ne "abilis" elimele ukuthi kungenzeka. Ukuthatha njengencazelo ubungozi umuntu noma into enabo ekuhluphekeni kokulimala, nasekuchayekeni okungaba khona kwezingozi ezehlukene eziholela ekungazinzini ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kuhlobene nokuthambekela, usongo kanye nobuthakathaka obuthinta uhlelo.
Incazelo yokuba sengozini ibanzi kakhulu, ixoxwa kabanzi ezingeni lomuntu njengabantu abasengozini enkulu yezifo, amagciwane, imizwa, phakathi kwabanye; ebhekisela kulabo bantu abanokumelana okuncane nama-virus noma i-pathogen ethile, ngakho-ke babuthakathaka kakhulu futhi basengozini enkulu kukho. Lolu hlobo lwencazelo lusetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene kusukela kwezemfundo, amasiko, umnotho, umphakathi kanye nemvelo.
Kulokhu, ubungozi bemvelo buqokonyiswa njengezinga lokumelana nesistimu kanye nezingxenye zalo ezihlukahlukene ebunzimeni bemvelo obukhona nxazonke; okuthonya izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta iplanethi yomhlaba njengokufudumala kwembulunga yonke (ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni) kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo (izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo). Kunezimo ezehlukene ezibeka imvelo esimweni esisengozini njengezinhlekelele zemvelo ngenxa yesiphepho, ubumpofu kwezinye izifunda, isomiso, phakathi kokunye.
Zonke lezi zimo zibangelwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile yimisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyenziwa umuntu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho ekwazile ukuzuza emithonjeni yemvelo ehlukene yokudla, izindlu, izingubo zokugqoka, imithi kanye nokunethezeka okungcono kokuphila, sibonga Lokhu kufinyelele ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. womphakathi ezintweni eziningi. Ukubangela ukuwohloka okukhulu kwemvelo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinsiza ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kokuvimbela.
Kwaziwa nangokuthi sengozini yezemvelo ngezinga lokumelana nendawo ezungezile enakho ngokumelene nezimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene, njengokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami, phakathi kokunye. Ngakho-ke, le ncazelo ihlanganisa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezichazwe ngezansi:
- Ukuvezwa
Kuqukethe ezingeni lemvelo lokuchayeka ezimweni ezehlukene zemvelo, isibonelo izinhlobo zezilwane ezitholakala endaweni yazo yemvelo lapho ukuzingela kungekho emthethweni, azikho engozini kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezihlala endaweni yemvelo lapho ukuzingela kungekho khona. ukulawula.
- amandla okuguquguquka
Kuqukethe ikhono imvelo enalo ukuze livumelane nezinguquko ezibekwe endaweni yayo. Esinye sezibonelo eziyinhloko kuleli cala izinguquko zokushisa ezikhiqizwayo kodwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, lolu hlelo lulawulwa yi-ecosystems ngokusebenzisa i-acclimatization.
Isifunda ngasinye somhlaba sakhiwe izinhlobo eziningi zemvelo, izinhlobo zezitshalo, ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane kanye nenala yemithombo yemvelo; ngakho-ke amazinga abo okuba sengozini azohluka ngokuphelele. Izindawo ezibucayi kakhulu yilezo ezingaphendula kancane ezinguqukweni, yizo futhi ezivezwa kakhulu, zanda umonakalo futhi zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokululama.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leyo mikhakha esengozini encane yileyo enamandla amakhulu okubhekana nezimo zemvelo, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi azivezi kancane ngakho-ke isikhathi sabo sokubuyisela sifushane kakhulu.
Izibonelo Zokungcupheni Kwemvelo
Ukuba sengozini kwemvelo kuhlobene nokuchayeka okukhulu noma okuncane indawo enakho.Kunezifunda ezingase zibe nokubekezelela okukhulu ithonya lemvelo elifana nokuzamazama komhlaba, izikhukhula, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma iziphepho, kuyilapho phakathi kweminye imikhakha zingabhekwa njengenhlekelele ephelele; ukufika ekubeni nobudlelwano phakathi kokuwohloka kwemvelo kanye nezingozi zemvelo.
Ezinye zezibonelo ezivelele kakhulu zokuba sengozini kwemvelo zizogqanyiswa ngezansi, kuzanywa ukuhlobanisa imvelo nezinhlobo ezishabalalayo:
I-Benthic Organisms
Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-marine benthos, ikhuluma ngazo zonke lezo zidalwa zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini, ikakhulukazi phansi noma phansi kolwandle; Iqukethe iqoqo lezinhlobo ezingabantu ababhukudi, abakhasayo, abagobi noma abahlala ngaphansi kolwandle, okuhlanganisa i-starfish, ukhukhamba wasolwandle, ama-clams, oyster, phakathi kokunye.
Ibhekana nalezo zinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni zasolwandle e-Antarctica, indawo ethandwa kakhulu yalezi zilwane ukuba zizalane ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi emanzini afudumele ukukhula kwazo kuhamba kancane kakhulu; emele isici esibanika ukungalungi, ngenxa yomkhuba wokuzidoba, okukhiqiza imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu kulezi zindawo zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziwuhlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane okuthi, ezinokukhula kancane kancane, kubangela ukuba ukululama kwazo kuhambe kancane futhi ngenxa yalokho kuzenze zibe uhlobo olusengozini.
Amazon
I-Amazon Jungle itholakala esifundeni esisenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yendawo yezwekazi, ehlanganisa amazwe anjengeVenezuela neBrazil; imelela isandiso esikhulu sehlathi elicebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, okuyisici sokuba ihlathi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elidlulela eMfuleni i-Amazon futhi libizwa ngokuthi amaphaphu omhlaba, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezitshalo abazenzayo. zikhiqize umoya-mpilo odingekayo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo futhi zimunce ngisho ne-carbon dioxide emkhathini.
Ithathwa njenge-ecosystem ecebe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ehlanganisa isifunda sase-Andes ukuya ogwini lwase-Atlantic, okungamakhilomitha acishe abe yizigidi eziyisi-7. Okwamanje ibhekwa njengendawo esengozini enkulu futhi lokhu kubangelwa ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo ehlukahlukene, njengokutholwa kwezinkuni ngokweqile, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, izimayini ezibangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angomakhelwane, ukulima okunamandla okuye kwabangela ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, phakathi kokunye.
Isidingo esiqhubekayo semithombo yemvelo efana nezinkuni, amaminerali, izinhlobo zezitshalo, phakathi kwabanye, bonke ngenjongo yokwanelisa izidingo zabantu ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo komphakathi, ngaphezu kokukhula kwenani labantu ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kuye kwaphumela ekubeni ukuba sengozini kwalesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo esibalulekile, okuthinta ibhalansi yayo nokuzinza kwemvelo, ngakho-ke, ukuguqula izimo zokuphila kuplanethi yomhlaba ezingabonakali okwamanje, kodwa izizukulwane ezizayo zizothinteka kakhulu.
Izixhobo zamakhorali
Izixhobo zamakhorali zihlanganisa isakhiwo esingaphansi kwamanzi esakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-calcium carbonate ekhishwa amakhorali kuze kube yilapho yakhe intaba engaphansi kwamanzi eyakhiwe amathambo e-coral. Zingabuye zenziwe nge-algae nama-molluscs. Ibhekwa njenge-ecosystem enhle futhi eyingqayizivele, ikhona ngemibala ehlukene, ukwakheka nobukhulu; amakoloni ezandiso ezinkulu aziwa ngokuthi izixhobo. Baphinde babhekele ukuthatha yonke i-calcium olwandle bayiguqule ibe yi-limestone ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo sayo.
Ziyi-ecosystem ethinteke kakhulu ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, lapho ziye zabhekana khona nezinguquko zemvelo, zishintsha izinga lokushisa kwazo futhi zishintsha isimo semvelo sezixhobo zezixhobo zokusebenza, ngaphezu kokuphazanyiswa izenzo zokudoba ngokungakhethi nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukwenza kube yindawo esengozini kakhulu yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngenxa yokululama kwayo kancane kanye nokumelana okuncane nokuguqulwa kwemvelo.
Ziwuhlobo lwe-ecosystem ehlukaniswa ngokuthi Ayikhathazeki Kancane, okungukuthi, isengozini enkulu yemvelo, uma ubheka nje akuzona zonke izinkinga zemvelo ezikhiqiza kuzo kanye nokujwayela kwezixhobo zalolu shintsho kuyabonakala, kodwa kuyabhekwa. ukuthi ikusasa liwuhlobo lwendawo ezungezile lingaphela ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu kanye nokusabela kwemvelo okonakalise le ndawo yemvelo.
I-Gratiola Linifolia
Kuwuhlobo lwesitshalo saminyaka yonke esinqunyiwe, sithonywa yizinkathi zonyaka, ngakho-ke kubhekwa njengesitshalo sonyaka, esivame kakhulu ezindaweni zaseMedithera; Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinsongo zavezwa, noma ngabe kungenxa yesomiso, ukuxhashazwa kwezolimo nemfuyo, okuza kubonakala njengokusongelwa. Njengamanje, inani labantu lisalokhu lizinzile futhi livikelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe izifanekiso zesikhathi esizayo.
I-Patagonian Opossum (Lestodelphys Hallí)
I-Patagonian Opossum yaziwa nangokuthi i-weasel yase-Argentina, iqukethe uhlobo lomndeni wakwa-Didelphidae, itholakala e-Argentina; Ivamise ukuhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezomile njengePatagonia kanye namahlathi aseSubantarctic. Kuyisilwane esincelisayo esinombala ompunga okumnyama, ingxenye emhlophe ye-ventral kanye nendandatho emnyama ku-iris yeso; iwuhlobo lwasemhlabeni ngokuphelele futhi olungezona izindawo zezihlahla, ngokuvamile luhlala emathafeni nasezingwadule.
Iqukethe uhlobo oluthathwa njengolusengcupheni phambilini olwake lwavezwa engozini yokushabalala ngenxa yokuzingelwa kwalo, maphakathi nonyaka ka-2008 lwathathwa njengento engaphansi kancane ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu. Njengamanje, akubeki usongo olukhulu naphezu kokugcina isibalo esingazinzile phakathi kwabo, lokhu kubangelwa ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
I-Allium Feinbergii
Iqukethe uhlobo lwesitshalo esihlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala futhi esiye sagqama ngokuthinteka ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, esinyamalala kwezinye izifunda; Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani labantu bakhona lisazinzile ngakho-ke alinalo uhla oluphezulu lokuba sengozini.
Umehluko phakathi kwezingozi nokuba sengozini kwemvelo
Igama elithi ingozi liqukethe iqiniso elingemnandi noma ithuba lokuthile elidala ukungaphatheki kahle, liphinde lihlobene nokuvezwa kwengozi. Okuhlanganisa zonke lezo zici ezihlanganisa ukukhulisa amathuba okuba amaphuzu asengozini ohlelweni, asongela ukuthula nokuthula. Esimeni semvelo, kubhekiselwa kuyo yonke into ekwazi ukulimaza indawo ezungezile, ikhiqize izinguquko ezishintsha ibhalansi yemvelo yendawo.
Izingozi zemvelo zihlobene nazo zonke izenzo zomuntu noma imithelela yento ethile yemvelo eyenza ushintsho ku-ecosystem, nayo yonke into emele ingozi noma usongo ezilwaneni ezihlala kuyo, ezithinta ukuba sengozini kwemvelo futhi ibangele ukuzwela okukhulu kuma-ejenti angaphandle. lokho kubhidliza njalo.
Ukuba yingozi kwemvelo, imele zonke lezo zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele ezingashintsha indawo ezungezile ngesikhathi esithile, zingaba lezo zenzakalo ezikhiqiza uguquko olukhulu endaweni ehlala kuyo njengokuzamazama komhlaba, izikhukhula, isomiso, phakathi kokunye. Ihluke ngokuphelele engozini yemvelo, imele umphumela onosongo ngezinga lokuba sengozini ngaphakathi kwemvelo.
Njengamanje, izinkinga zemvelo ziye zabonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu emphakathini, zigqamisa izenzakalo ezinjengokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi, isomiso esikhulu, ukulahlekelwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kunomthelela empilweni yabantu. Ukugcizelela ukuthi ubunzima obuyinhloko bezemvelo bubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu kanye nezimo zemvelo ezithinta imvelo.
Ukuba sengozini kwemvelo kuncike ngokuqondile ekuchayekeni okuqhubekayo kokuthi izinto eziphilayo kufanele zibe nezimo ezimbi kanye namandla aguquguqukayo wemithombo yemvelo ukuze aphinde alulame ngemva kokuchayeka endaweni eyingozi. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bahlongoza le fomula elandelayo ngokubhekisela kuleli qiniso:
Ubungozi = Usongo + Ukuba sengozini
Ngakho-ke, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengozi yemvelo kanye nokuba sengozini ukuthi ubungozi buxhunyaniswe nosongo oluthinta amasistimu ahlukene akha i-ecosystem, kuyilapho ubungozi bunesibopho sokukwazi ukukala ukulahlekelwa kanye nokulimala kwemvelo okuveziwe.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Isetshenziswa Kabusha Ingilazi