La I-Viola cornuta, isitshalo esihle esidabuka ePyrenees naseziNtabeni zaseCantabrian, eSpain. Igqama ngephunga layo, ukuqhakaza okuphawulekayo ekwindla, njengokudliwayo okufanayo kanye nasezindaweni ezihlobisayo njengoba kuthathwa njengokusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa. Thola lapha ukunakekelwa kwabo nokunye okuningi.
I-Viola cornuta
La I-Viola cornuta, isitshalo esingapheli, okusho ukuthi singaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, ngenxa yesimiso saso esikhulu sezimpande. Okuyisiza ukuthi imunce kalula amanzi nezakhamzimba ku-substrate, okuyinto evamile Inqubo yokudla kwezitshalo. Ngokunjalo, ikhonjwa ngamagama athi "Violeta de los Pirineos", "Violeta" kanye "nePensamiento mini" (ngenxa yokufana kwayo nesitshalo sePansy).
Itholakala ezindaweni zasePyrenees, ukhahlamba lwezintaba olutholakala enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, enomngcele wemvelo namazwe aseFrance naseSpain. Ngokunjalo, idabuka eziNtabeni zaseCantabrian, ezitholakala eNyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi ifakiwe "Ohlwini Olubomvu" lwase-Angorra, ngokuvumelana nokucatshangelwa kwe-International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Kuyinto evamile ukubona i-Viola cornuta, ezindaweni ezigcwele amakhambi, phakathi kwamadwala noma amadwala nalapho kunotshani. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kusuka kumasentimitha angama-30, izimbali zaso ziphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2 no-4, kanti amacembe aso aphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-1,5 no-1,9. Obunye ubuhle bayo obumangalisayo ukuthi ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka -7°C no -15°C, isimo esiyenza ifaneleke.
Iphunga layo liyinto engabonakali, kanye nobuhle bayo obukhulu kanye ne-bicolor ephilayo, ikakhulukazi ukuthola inhlanganisela yamathoni aphuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomnyama we-violet. Lapho ngaphandle kokuba isitshalo sokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokuhlobisa, amacembe ezimbali zawo ayingxenye yemihlobiso ye-gastronomic futhi ayadliwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Viola cornuta
La I-Viola cornuta Ibonakala ngokuzalana ngembewu, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezibhekiswe enkathini yasentwasahlobo noma yasehlobo. Okuwukuphela kwento edingekayo ukuyibeka engilazini enamanzi futhi emva kwemizuzu embalwa, kuzothathwa kuphela imbewu eyacwila.
Lezi kufanele zibekwe, nebanga phakathi kwazo, ku-substrate yezithombo, ngaphambili emanzi, engafakwa kalula ebhodweni noma ethreyini yezithombo. Kamuva zimbozwa nge-substrate eyengeziwe, ziniselwe futhi zibekwe endaweni enezigameko eziqondile zelanga, uma kusentwasahlobo, noma endaweni enomthunzi, uma kusehlobo. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi esikhathini esingaphansi kwamasonto amabili azobe eseqhumile. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate ihlale inomswakama.
Isikhathi esihle sokufakelwa kabusha
Isitshalo se-Viola cornuta sinesikhathi esihle sokutshala endaweni engaphansi eqondile emhlabathini, inkathi yasentwasahlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isizathu siwukufakelwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana, umzuzu ubonisa, lapho izimpande ziphuma emigodini yokukhipha amanzi. Kungase futhi kube inketho, lapho isitshalo sinobude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-5 no-10.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwentela
Isitshalo I-Viola cornuta, ithola ukuhlukaniswa kwe-taxonomic kusosayensi waseSweden uCarlos Linneo, owagqama ngokuba isazi sezitshalo, isazi semvelo kanye nesazi sezilwane. Lokhu kweza ukwethula ngonyaka ka-1753, ngencwadi yakhe ethi "Species Plantarum", enikeza imininingwane elandelayo:
- Umbuso: iPlantae
- Ukuhlukaniswa: iMagnoliophyta
- Ikilasi: Magnoliopsida
- I-oda: Malpighiales
- Umndeni: Violaceae
- Uhlobo: Viola
- Izinhlobo: V. cornuta
Izici ze-Viola cornuta
Phakathi kwezici ezifanele zesitshalo I-Viola cornuta, okulandelayo kuyatholakala:
- Kuyisitshalo esingapheli, okungukuthi, siphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili.
- Iyingxenye yezitshalo ezifanele ukutshalwa kokubili ezimbizeni nasenhlabathini eqondile.
- Okukhangayo okuyinhloko, ngaphandle kwephunga layo elihle, ukuqhakaza ekunikezayo phakathi nenkathi yasebusika.
- Amaqabunga esitshalo ngokuvamile a-oblong.
- Bakhetha izindawo zasengadini ezinezigameko zelanga.
- Amacembe ezimbali zawo asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-haute cuisine, kanye nakumakhekhe, hhayi nje ukuhlobisa. Ngoba ziyadliwa, zine-flavour ethambile.
- Izimbali zawo ngokuvamile zinemibala emibili.
- Isakazeka ngama-rhizomes.
- Isimo sezulu sayo esihle yileso esiphakathi kokupholile nokuswakeme.
- I-substrate lapho itshalwe khona kufanele ibe ne-drainage enhle futhi inothe ngezinto eziphilayo, futhi kufanele igcinwe imanzi.
- I-pH yayo ephelele ayithathi hlangothi, ikwazi ukufinyelela ku-alkaline.
Incazelo yezimbali namaqabunga ayo
Izimbali zawo zigqama kakhulu ngenxa yephunga lawo elimnandi. Ivamise ukuza ngemithunzi yobumnyama obunsomi, obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obukhilimu, noma obuphuzi. Lapho amathoni e-bicolor emangalisa kakhulu, izimbali kulokhu zinemibala evelele yophuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-violet ngendlela ehlangene.
Njengoba ijwayeleke kakhulu, i-violet emnyama eduze nokuphuzi, ephuzi eduze nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-lavender eduze nokuphuzi. Lapho ukukhula kwayo kuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2 no-4. Lapho amacembe awo afinyelela phakathi kuka-1,5 no-1,9 amasentimitha.
tshala amaqabunga I-Viola cornuta, zinokuzalwa kwazo kusukela esisekelweni esifanayo futhi ngemuva zinoboya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuma kwawo ku-oblong, okusho ukuthi zinde kunobubanzi. Bane-petiole, ehambisana ne-appendix lapho ihlanganisa khona isiqu.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Viola cornuta
Phakathi kokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo noma okubalulekile kwe I-Viola cornuta okulandelayo:
- Indawo: Ibonakala ngokuba isitshalo esidinga umoya omusha nokukhanya kwemvelo, ngakho-ke kufanele ibekwe ezindaweni zangaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi itshalwe emhlabathini noma ebhodweni. Kodwa, lapho le mfuneko ingatholakali, okungenani indawo lapho ukukhanya kwemvelo okwanele kufinyelela kuyo kubalulekile.
- Ukuthumela okungaphansi: Uma i-substrate ingeyebhodwe, kunconywa indawo yonke, okumele isetshenziswe ngokugcwele, phakathi kuka-20 no-30% we-perlite nobumba olwandisiwe (noma okufanayo) lungangezwa, olulula ukugeleza kwamanzi. Endabeni yengadi, okudingekayo i-substrate edonsa kalula engakhiqizi amanzi nokuthi i-pH ingathathi hlangothi, noma i-alkaline.
- Ukunisela: Ukunisela okudingwa isitshalo se-Viola cornuta ngokujwayelekile izikhathi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngeviki. Kodwa uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, inkathi ishisa, idinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 phakathi nesonto. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ukuchelela kwenziwa kuphela ku-substrate, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi emaqabunga futhi kuncane kakhulu ezimbali. ukusala nokwanele Umswakama, kodwa ngaphandle kwezikhukhula.
- Umbhalisile: Kunconywa ukwenza ngomanyolo ophilayo, njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-15, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Umanyolo ofanelekile yinhlanganisela yemvelo, i-guano noma umanyolo we-algae.
- Izihlahla: Ukuthenwa kwe-Viola cornuta akuphoqelekile, kudingekile kuphela ukususa amaqabunga noma izimbali ezibonakala zomile, ezibunile, nganoma yisiphi isibonakaliso sokubola noma isifo. Lokhu kwenziwa kalula kusetshenziswa isikelo esijwayelekile ebesihlanzwe ngaphambilini, ngenhloso yokuthi isitshalo singathintwa amagciwane, amagciwane noma isikhunta.
Izinambuzane ezihlasela i-Viola cornuta
Nakuba isitshalo I-Viola cornuta, ubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi unamandla futhi uhlala isikhathi eside, kunezinambuzane ezingawuhlasela, lapho ezivamile kuyizibungu nezintwala. Kodwa-ke, lokho akusona isizathu sokwethuka, ngoba isisombululo silele ekwengezeni umhlaba we-diatomaceous, ogwema ngokuphumelelayo lezi zinambuzane.
Umhlaba we-Diatomaceous wakhiwe inhlanganisela ye-algae engabonakali engabonakali lapho ihlanganisa i-silica, ngaleyo ndlela yenza ngokwemvelo izibulala-zinambuzane ezihamba phambili. Ngokujwayelekile ihlanjululwa ngamagremu angama-35 ilitha ngalinye lamanzi. Lokhu kubulala isinambuzane ngoba siyasiqeda amanzi size sife.
Izifo ze-Viola cornuta
Izifo ezingahlasela I-Viola cornuta, ziveza kuphela noma zibe khona ngemva kokuchelela isikhathi eside nokuphindaphinda. Lapho, nakuba kuvamile, labo abafika ekuhluphekeni yilaba:
- I-Alternariosis (ikhanda elimnyama, elinesibindi, ukulimaza sekwephuzile noma i-alternaria)
- I-Cercospora
Okutholwa yisikhunta esidala amaqabunga esitshalo, amabala ayindilinga kanye nethoni emnyama, phakathi kokunsundu nokumnyama. Njengokwelashwa okufanele, sebenzisa ama-fungicides anenhlanganisela yethusi.
