Ngalesi sihloko esithakazelisayo, uzokwazi konke mayelana nokuthi yini ejwayelekile Izembatho de I-México, kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Ungayeki ukuyifunda! futhi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izingubo ezijwayelekile zezinye izifunda zaseMexico.
Izingubo ezijwayelekile zaseMexico ngendawo
Imvunulo edumile yaseMexico iwukuzuzwa kwenyunyana phakathi kwempucuko yomdabu kanye neyaseSpain, kanye nezinsalela zamaNdiya, ama-Aztec, amaMeya nezinye izizwe zomdabu. Ingubo evamile ayimeleli nje isiko lezwe, kodwa futhi imikhuba yabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 eMexico.
Aguascalientes
I-Aguascalientes iyisifunda saseMexico lapho kugqama khona uMbukiso Kazwelonke waseSan Marcos, owenzeka minyaka yonke phakathi kwezinyanga zika-Ephreli noMeyi.
Imincintiswano ibanjelwa lapho evuza imvunulo engcono kakhulu, ngakho-ke, imvunulo ebonakala ephathini eshiwo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, inemibalabala futhi iyamangaza. Bakhombisa imvunulo yabesifazane, okuyibo abachitha isikhathi esiningi nababambe iqhaza kule miqhudelwano.
Nakuba ungathola izingubo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, imvunulo ejwayelekile kakhulu yaklanywa nguJorge Campos Espino futhi yathwala ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwemihlobiso, okusho ukuthi ayikho kulezi zingubo ezingenayo imiklamo ehlukahlukene emelela yonke into kusukela ezilwaneni kuya ezithelweni, konke esenziwe ngezandla. Isudu yabesifazane ihlale inentamo ephakeme, imikhono ebanzi emahlombe futhi iqine kakhulu okhalweni.
Chiapas
Imvunulo emele kakhulu yeChiapas yileya yaseChiapaneca, ephuma kumasipala waseChiapa de Corzo. Kuthiwa le ngubo, eyakhiwe ngezimbali ezimibalabala engemuva elimnyama noma elimnyama, ekuqaleni yayiklanywe njengendlela yokumelela ihlathi nezitshalo zalo ezikhangayo, ezinemibala egqamile.
I-costume iqukethe ibhulawuzi ye-satin ene-neckline ye-semicircular eshiya amahlombe evulekile. Ingxenye engezansi, isiketi, ihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinemibala, phakathi kwayo okugqamile oku-orange, pink, blue and white.
Ukwakhiwa kwalesi suti kudinga i-embroidery yezimbali, intambo kasilika isetshenziswa, ngakho-ke inqubo yokukhiqiza yinde futhi idinga ukubekezela okukhulu.
I-quechquémitl nayo ijwayelekile, uhlobo lwengubo yokulala noma i-poncho ebekwe engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba futhi lapho ikhanda lifakwa khona.
Iphinde igqamise indwangu namaphethini engubo yomshado yesintu evela kumasipala waseZinacantan, nawo oseChiapas.
I-Chichén Itzá
Indawo yemivubukulo yase-Chichen Itza itholakala eNhlonhlweni yase-Yucatan futhi iyingxenye yamagugu omdabu asekhona nanamuhla.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izakhamuzi ezizungezile zinamasiko endabuko avela kumasiko ezizwe agcinwe endaweni.
Ngakho-ke, izingubo zibonakala ngezingubo zokugqoka lapho kungekho khona ukuhlobisa kwembali nge-palette yombala obanzi kungemuva elimhlophe. Izingubo zabesifazane zingatholakala ngemibala eminingi, kodwa zihlale zivelele ngesici esisodwa esiyinhloko: zifakwe okhalweni.
Guadalajara
Edolobheni laseGuadalajara (eJalisco, eMexico), imvunulo yabesilisa nabesifazane ibizwa ngokuthi i-charro suit, nakuba leli gama laziwa ezweni lonke ngenxa yokuthi lezi zingubo ziye zahamba emhlabeni wonke.
Owesimame wona uhlanganisa ingubo yokulala, ubude bayo bucishe bufike emaqakaleni. Isiketi simbozwe ngemifekethiso eyenziwe ngendlela ye-linear cross-stitch kanye nemicu yemibala ehlukahlukene.
Eyamadoda ingaba i-mariachi evamile, emnyama, enezela imininingwane yombala futhi ihlanganisa nesigqoko se-charro, noma ingafaka uhlobo oluthile lwe-poncho eyenziwe ngoboya, i-llama, i-alpaca noma enye indwangu yoboya. isilwane.
Le poncho inembobo phakathi nendawo lapho ikhanda lifakwa khona futhi ngokuvamile linemigqa ewugqinsi noma amanye amaphethini anemibala ehlukene.
Emsuka wayo, i-poncho, manje esetshenziswa kulo lonke elaseLatin America, yayisetshenziswa amaNdiya, ama-mestizo, abamhlophe, ama-gaucho, njll. futhi isagcinwa nanamuhla.
Hidalgo
E-Hidalgo, kunezindawo ezintathu lapho ubunikazi bamasiko bukhona obuhlukaniswa ngamasiko namasiko abo, phakathi kwazo izingubo ezivelele. Ngakho, sithola izifunda ezintathu ezahlukene: Sierra Tepehua, Mezquital Valley kanye Huasteca.
I-Tepehua iyiqembu lohlanga izingubo zalo zendabuko zibonakala ngokuklanyelwe isimo sezulu esishisayo, ngakho-ke ingubo ehlala ihlanganisa ukufekethiswa okubomvu, nakuba intambo eluhlaza ingasetshenziswa futhi.
Mayelana neSigodi saseMezquital, ingubo ifana ncamashi neyesifunda saseSierra Tepehua, njengoba nayo yenziwe ngengubo, kodwa i-embroidery eyisebenzisayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-pepenado futhi ingatholakala ngentambo emnyama nebomvu. , eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, njll
Lesi sitayela sokufekethiswa simele amanani omdabu njenge-Nahui Ollin noma i-Chinicuil. Ekugcineni, isifunda saseHuasteca sihlanganisa inyakatho yeVeracruz, eningizimu yeTamaulipas, izingxenye zeSan Luis Potosí neHidalgo, kanye neSierra Gorda yaseQuerétaro.
Lesi sakamuva sibuswa isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke imvunulo evamile iqukethe ibhulawuzi elimhlophe elinemikhono emifushane lapho imifekethiso emise okwezimbali elukwa khona ngemibala engapheli.
I-Michoacán
Isiko lesifunda saseMexico saseMichoacán saziwa ngokuthi isiko lamaTarascan noma iPurépache, elalivele likhona ezikhathini zangaphambi kweColumbian, cishe ngo-1200 BC.
Ngakho-ke, ama-Purépechas amanje anamasiko athile omdabu phakathi kwawo lapho kungekho ukushoda kwezingubo ezijwayelekile, umphumela wemisebenzi yobuciko ehlukahlukene eyenziwa izakhamuzi zalo mphakathi.
Ukukhulunywa okukhethekile kufanelwe ingubo yabesifazane, ehlanganisa isiketi kanye nehembe. Ngokuqondene neziketi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Sabanilla: wuhlobo lweseyili engunxande eyenziwe ngovolo futhi elukwe ngesandla. Ububanzi bayo ekuqaleni babusetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela phakathi nobusuku obubandayo basebusika, yingakho igama elithi sabanilla. Emini, lesi siketi sisebenza njengesiketi futhi sivalwe okhalweni ngebhande.
- I-Zagalejo: Ibuye yenziwe ngovolo futhi ihluke kwi-sabanilla ngoba inebhande likakotini elinemibala egqamile phezulu, elihlukile nebhande elingezansi, elikhanyayo ngombala.
Amahembe angatholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, nakuba mhlawumbe ovame kakhulu yilowo ogoqa phezu kwesifuba nangemuva futhi ehlotshiswe ngemininingwane emhlophe noma enemibala.
I-Nayarit
AmaNdiya angama-Cora nama-Huichol alondoloze isiko lawo izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi namuhla imvunulo yabesilisa evamile yase-Nayarit ingeye-Huichol, esuselwe kusiko lokudala namakhono engcweti ayingxenye yalo mphakathi wendabuko.
Abesifazane bakwa-Huichol baziwa njengabaluki abangcono kakhulu eMexico, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamakhono abo obuciko kanye nobuciko bezandla, okuholela ezingubo zoboya ezingavamile ezinemiklamo eyingqayizivele. I-suit yamadoda ibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwengubo emhlophe nehembe, ama-cuffs avulekile futhi ahlotshiswe ngamaphethini alinganayo ngemibala ehlukene.
Ngokuqondene nengubo yesifazane, iqukethe i-blouse yombala owodwa ohlanganisa amanzi angaphandle nangaphakathi futhi kwenezelwa i-cape evala ikhanda kanye nemigexo yobuhlalu.
Oaxaca
Nakuba zonke izingubo ezivamile zaseMexico zibonakala ngokuba nemibala egqamile, izingubo ezigqokwa abesifazane bakule ndawo mhlawumbe zinemibala eminingi kunazo zonke. Kulezi zingubo, ingxube yamasiko omdabu kanye namasu okukhiqiza amakholoni ayahlangana, njengeleyisi ye-bobbin noma i-Flemish Dutch, phakathi kokunye.
Esifundeni saseJamiltepec ikakhulukazi, izingubo zinezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zomdabu, njengelanga, izinkanyezi nezinye izimo zejometri ezivame ukukhumbuza izicabucabu noma izibankwa. Isiketi esijwayelekile noma esigoqiwe sibizwa nge-pozahuanco.
Puebla
Ingubo evamile esezingeni eliphezulu yabesifazane esifundazweni sase-Puebla yaziwa ngokuthi yi-china poblana, eyakhelwe phezulu, ibhulawuzi elimhlophe elisikwe kancane, elibonisa ingxenye yentamo nokuqhuma. Umbala wayo umhlophe futhi inemifekethiso emibalabala, evame ukuma njengembali. Ngezansi owesifazane ugqoke isiketi esaziwa nge-beaver, ngenxa yendwangu esenziwe ngayo.
Lesi siketi, esingabizwa nangokuthi i-zagalejo, sinezingqimba ezimbili: okokuqala, ungqimba olungaphezulu, olulinganiselwa ku-25 cm futhi lwenziwe nge-calico noma isihlalo esiluhlaza (okuthiwa i-corte); okwesibili, ungqimba olungezansi, olumbozwe ngamaphethini we-sequin futhi lufinyelele emaqakaleni.
ISaltillo
Inani labantu baseSaltillo liyinhloko-dolobha yesifunda sase-Coahuila de Zaragoza futhi imvunulo yalo evamile yabesilisa ibonwa ngegama le-sarape noma i-jorongo.
Iwuhlobo lwe-poncho oluye lwasetshenziswa kusukela lapho lwavela njengendawo yokukhosela, njengoba lwenziwe ngentambo kakotini noma ngoboya bezimvu. Intambo, cishe kuzo zonke izingubo ezijwayelekile zaseMexico, inemibala eminingi futhi amaphethini alukiwe ahlukile futhi avuleleke emcabangweni.
Ngokuqondene nezingubo zabesifazane, kubonakala ngama-blouses ahlotshisiwe futhi aphihliwe angatholakala ngemibala engapheli kanye ne-embroidery yezimbali noma ezinye izimo zejometri.
Yucatán
I-suit ejwayelekile yabesifazane baseYucatan ibizwa ngokuthi i-terno ngenxa yezingcezu ezintathu ezakhayo: i-fustán, i-huipil ne-doublet. I-fustán (ebizwa ngokuthi i-peak in Mayan) iyona eyingxenye engezansi futhi iqukethe uhlobo lwesiketi esilungiswe okhalweni futhi esifika ezinyaweni.
Lesi siketi sisukela esikhathini sabesifazane baseMeya. I-doublet umgexo oyisikwele obekwe phezu kwe-huipil, okuyingubo emhlophe ngokwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mvunulo iqedwa ngohlobo lweshali olubizwa nge-rebozo de Santa María kanye nerosari yefiligree, eyenziwe ngesandla abakhandi begolide baseYuctaec.
Veracruz
Imvunulo evamile yaseVeracruz (eMexico) igqamile ngoba okumhlophe kugqama lapho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyizingubo zowesilisa noma zesifazane, futhi kubizwa ngesudi ye-jarocho.
Ingubo yabesifazane inesiketi eside esibanzi esimboza amaqakala, kanti ngombala omhlophe ongathathi hlangothi, i-lace noma i-embroidery ithungwe ngemibala ehlukene. Iphinifa noma iphinifa libekwe phezu kwalesi siketi, ngokuvamile esimnyama, esinsundu noma esi-burgundy futhi indwangu iyivelvet.
Le phinifa ingaba nemininingwane efekethisiwe ngemibala ehlukene. Okungaphezulu kunombala ofanayo futhi kungase kube nemikhono noma ingabi nayo.
Okokugcina, kuhlanganisa neshali likasilika elivame ukuphuzi elinemininingwane emhlophe futhi lingase libe nezinselele noma ezinye izici zokuhlobisa.
Imvunulo yesilisa yona inebhulukwe elimhlophe kanye neshethi nalo lalo mbala, okumele lihlale linamaphakethe amane (abizwa ngezikhwama endaweni) kanye nama-pleats amane noma agoqeke ngaphambili amanye ayisithupha ngemuva.
izingubo ezijwayelekile zaseMexico
Uma kwenzeka, imvunulo evamile yaseMexico iwukuhlanganiswa kwamasiko aseSpain nawomdabu njengama-Aztec, amaMayans namanye amaqembu okhokho bomdabu. Isudi kaCharro yiyona emele izwe kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni, yayihlukanisa isimo senhlalo sabaqashi nezisebenzi zabo ezithenjwayo kunezabanye abalimi. Isudi iqukethe isigqoko, ibhulukwe, ihembe noma ivesti, amabhuzu eqakala, uthayi wetshali, nejakhethi.
Imvunulo ejwayelekile yamadoda
Imvunulo yabesilisa ejwayelekile yileyo egqokwa ama-charros aseMexico.
Izingubo ze-charro ezijwayelekile: I-charro suit yayigqokwe abanikazi bomhlaba kanye nabasebenzi babo abathembekile. Izinto ezifana ne-suede, uvolo noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili zisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwayo.
Zenzelwe impilo yansuku zonke noma izikhathi ezikhethekile. Imibala esetshenziswa kakhulu insundu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, ompunga kanye nohlaza okomile ophikisana nama-frets nezinkinobho.
Isitayela sehembe singaba yikhola yezempi, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-pachuqueña", noma ikhola yomphakathi eyaziwa ngokuthi "ikhola egoqiwe". Imibala esetshenziselwa le ngubo imhlophe namathambo. Ngokuqondene namabhuzu abawagqokayo, kufanele abe noju, abe nsundu, noma abe nombala wamajikijolo.
Isigqoko sika-Charro: Isigqoko sibonakala ngomphetho waso obanzi futhi ukuphakama kwaso ngemuva. Ukuyilungiselela, izingcweti ezikhethekile zisebenzisa i-wool feel, izinwele zomvundla noma utshani lukakolweni. Yingubo ebaluleke kakhulu yesudi ye-charro ejwayelekile. Ihlotshiswe ngama-cuffs kanye nemiphetho ehlotshisiwe.
Imvunulo ejwayelekile yabesifazane
Imvunulo ejwayelekile yowesifazane waseMexico yileyo yaseChina Poblana. Le ngubo yaseMexico inezici ezimbalwa ezaziyingxenye yesiko laseNew Spain. Imvunulo yaseChina Poblana yenziwe:
- Ihembe elimhlophe elinomsebenzi ophukile kanye nosilika nokufekethiswa kobuhlalu. Yayinemiklamo yejometri nezimbali ngemibala egqamile.
- Isiketi esibizwa ngokuthi i-beaver, esasetshenzwa ngama-sequin kanye nezimfanzi ezakha amaphethini wejometri nezimbali.
- Amanye ubhontshisi omhlophe, onamaphuzu e-enchilada, okungukuthi, onqenqemeni oluphansi oluboshwe ngentambo yamaphethini ama-zigzag.
- Ibhande elalisetshenziswa ukubophela ibhiva nobhontshisi okhalweni lowesifazane oyigqokile.
- Babesebenzisa itshali ukuze bazivikele emakhazeni.
- Izicathulo ze-Satin ezihlotshiswe ngemicu yesilika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngubo yaqedwa ngamaparele namagugu ayehlobise izindlebe zakhe, isifuba esingenalutho, nezandla.
Imvunulo ejwayelekile ngokwezifunda
State of Tamaulipas
Isudi yesikhumba ye-Tamaulipas: Kuyingubo evamile yaseMexico emele isimo saseTamaulipas eMexico, esenziwe ngesikhumba sethole noma inyamazane. Inombhalo esikhumbeni ngokumhlophe kanye nezimbali. Le mihlobiso ihlanganisa imiphetho emide emikhonweni, emuva, ngaphambili, nasemphethweni. Ivamise ukuba nejazi lesizwe emhlane wayo.
Ibhubesi elisha
Izingubo zabesifazane zifana nalezo ezisetshenziswe ekhulwini le-XNUMX: i-blouse nesiketi. Ibhulawuzi elimhlophe, endwangu ethambile nesha njenge-dacron; isifuba, sineminceko; imikhono ibanzi futhi ibushelelezi; isiketi se-cashmere, uvolo, esingangeni manzi noma se-polyester, esinemibala emnyama noma ephaphathekile.
Inkomishi yayo inesisekelo sezindwani eziyishumi nambili ezinemiphetho eyisithupha efihlekile; Inama-frets ayisithupha akhiwe nge-chevron noma i-barred tape futhi iqeda umhlobiso ngama-knobs amakhulu ahlanganiswe nezinto ezifanayo njenge-fret. Imvunulo ihambisana namabhuzu noma izicathulo ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama.
I-Baja California
Lesi sifundazwe saqanjwa ngo-1952- njengenombolo 29 eMexico. Kusukela lapho, umbusi wayefuna ukuba i-Baja California ibe neculo, ijazi lezikhali kanye nemvunulo ezohlonza isifunda. Ngakho, ngo-March 4, 1994, kwaqalwa ucingo lokukhetha imvunulo evamile yesifunda.
26 izinhlanganisela eziqhudelanayo. Phakathi kwabo, i-"Flower Cucapá", eqondiswe nguMaría de la Cruz Pulido Vera, iphumelele ukunqoba futhi ilingisa intokazi: uRosa María Rodríguez.
Lesi sigqoko esivamile saseMexico sihlanganisa ingubo enentamo eyindilinga, imikhono emifushane kanye nesiketi esibanzi. Ingubo yonke inemininingwane efekethisiwe efana ne-cacti nenhlanzi.
I-Baja California Sur
Imvunulo evamile ye-Baja California del Sur, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Flor de Pitahaya", yadalwa ngo-1951. Le ngubo ye-Baja California Sur ibonakala ngokuba mhlophe kakhulu, ngaphandle kwengxenye yesiketi. Ingemuva lenziwe ngebhulawuzi elimhlophe elinemikhono emifushane. Ikhola ibanzi futhi indwangu efana ne-V iphuma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiketi esibanzi sibomvu futhi sihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe ezixhunywe inethiwekhi ye-cacti enhle. Ngezansi kune-frill emhlophe kakhulu.
Campeche
Umsuka wemvunulo yesifunda saseCampeche usukela ezinsukwini zaseNew Spain. Izakhi ezakha le mvunulo ziyimvelaphi yamakholoni kanye neMeya. Inganekwane ithi imvunulo evamile yazalwa lapho abaqashi benikeza abasebenzi babo izingubo zokugqoka izikhathi ezingu-4 ngonyaka. Lezi zikhathi zaziphakathi nemikhosi, imikhosi yaseSan Juan, iSan Román neLa Purísima Concepción.
Izingubo ezinikelwe ngamakhasimende "kwakuyiziketi" neziketi ze-calico noma ze-chintz. Amabhulawuzi e-Huipile ayisikwele. Izimbali zika-anyanisi nethanga zifekethisiwe entanyeni. Isiketi sine-underskirt emhlophe noma njengoba sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi: i-petticoat. Umphelelisi wengubo kwakuyisikhafu, kodwa manje kusetshenziswa ukuchichima kwe "Santa Maria"
Coahuila
Ngokuqondene ne-trousseau yabesifazane baseCoahuila, siyazi ukuthi bayizingubo ezinesiketi esibanzi futhi ngamathoni akhanyayo kakhulu futhi alula njengephuzi, eluhlaza, nsomi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll. Imininingwane efana nezibalo ezifekethisiwe zezitshalo ezivela esifundeni noma izakhi ezihlukile zengezwa ezingutsheni. Isudi yabesilisa iqukethe ihembe ledenim kanye nejini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bagqoka amabhuzu anezithombe eziqoshiwe ezimelela ubunikazi besifunda sabo.
Colima
Esifundeni sase-Colima, imvunulo evamile mhlawumbe ngenxa yemidanso eyenziwa kakhulu: leyo yokunqoba. Lo mgubho waziwa nangokuthi umkhosi ka; ama-capes, ama-malinches, ama-apaches noma "iNcasakazi yaseGuadalupe".
Kungesikhathi se-novena yeNcasakazi yaseGuadalupe lapho imvunulo evamile igqokwa khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ingubo emhlophe enhle ehlotshiswe "nge-cross stitch". Engxenyeni engaphezulu engaphambili, isithombe seNcasakazi sifekethisiwe. Izimbali zifekethisiwe esiketini. Ukuze wenze i-costume ibe yinhle nakakhulu, ungakwazi ukwengeza iveli ehlotshisiwe bese uyimboza ngekhanda lakho.
Guanajuato
Imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseGuanajuato yaziwa ngokuthi "Galereña". Igama lingenxa yabesifazane baseGalician, okuthiwa bake basebenza ezimayini noma "amagalari". Laba besifazane bebegqekeza amatshe ngaphandle kwezimayini. Lokhu okokunciphisa amatshe ukuze acutshungulwe kalula.
Ingubo yemikhumbi yayishintsha futhi yamukelwa njengemvunulo evamile yombuso. Le mvunulo kwakuyingubo eyakhiwe ngezicucu eziningana; isiketi sengubo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Zagalejo, phezu kwaso isiketi sefulana esibomvu esihlotshiswe ngonxantathu abaluhlaza okhalweni.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko sezingubo ezijwayelekile zaseMexico ezithakazelisayo, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: