Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kugxile ekutholeni izinsiza zemvelo emvelweni, ezisetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo edingekayo empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, amathuluzi agxile ekuvikelweni kwezinsiza asungulwa, esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda ngezinzuzo nezinkinga zentuthuko esimeme yomphakathi.
Ukuthuthuka okungashabalali
Imithombo yemvelo imele zonke lezo zimpahla ezitholakala endaweni ezungezile, zibhekwa njengenye yemithombo eyinhloko yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezitholwa umuntu ukuze zithuthukiswe futhi zisetshenziswe emphakathini. Kwaziwa kahle ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwalezi zinsiza, okubangela ukuwohloka kwemvelo nokulahlekelwa kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, izinqubomgomo nemithetho iyavela yokongiwa kwayo, ezinye izincazelo ezisetshenziswe kulokhu intuthuko eqhubekayo.
Yigama elisho amandla okufeza izidingo zomphakathi ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yemvelo, kusetshenziswa iqoqo lezinyathelo ekuphathweni kwazo zonke ngendlela efanele. Ngenhloso yokulondoloza ibhalansi yemvelo phakathi komuntu nendawo ezungezile.
Intuthuko eqhubekayo izalwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo, ngaphandle kokuba nokuzinikela ekutholakaleni kwazo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, lokhu kubangelwa ukuntula ukulawula ekuthathweni kwezinsiza, imikhuba yabantu ebhubhisayo kanye nezinqubo zokungcolisa. Ngaphezu kokungahloniphi izikhathi ezidingekayo zokuvuselelwa kwezindawo ezifana nenhlabathi, izinhlobo zezitshalo, amanzi, phakathi kokunye.
Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla, kuhlanganisa inqubo yokusika kanye nokuthungatha izihlahla ukuze kucaciswe imikhiqizo ehlukene, lolu hlobo lomkhuba lubhekwa njengomsebenzi osimeme inqobo nje uma kwenziwa ukugcwala kwezinhlobo ezisikiwe. Uma kungenjalo, ngokutholwa kwamafutha, akubhekwa njengomsebenzi osimeme, ngoba uwoyela ongahluziwe awunaso isikhathi sokuvuselela ngokushesha ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo, ngakho-ke, izinqubomgomo zisungulwa ukulawula ukusetshenziswa komthombo.
Intuthuko esimeme isho isethi yezinqubomgomo ezisetshenziswa amazwe ukonga imithombo yemvelo nokuqinisekisa ukutholwa kwazo eminyakeni ezayo. Kukhona okuhle nokubi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwale ndlela yokusebenza, ezochazwa ngezansi.
Izinzuzo
Inhloso eyinhloko yentuthuko esimeme ukulondoloza izindawo zemvelo zeplanethi, ngokulawula izici zezomnotho, zezenhlalakahle nezemvelo; ngenhloso yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezisimeme ezizohlinzeka ngendawo efanelekile yezidalwa eziphilayo. Igxile ngqo kohulumeni bezwe ngalinye, isungula imigomo yesibopho nokuqwashisa zonke izakhamuzi zakhona.
Lezi zinzuzo zethula ukuvela komnotho ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni imvelo, zisebenzisa izenzo ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo, zinciphise ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi zilondoloze izinhlobo zemvelo, kodwa zigcine ukufinyelela kumandla ahlanzekile nasebenza ngokulinganayo. Ngale ndlela, ikusasa elingcono liqinisekiswa ngokuvimbela imithombo yemvelo ukuthi ingaqedwa noma ivuselelwe ngokwanele.
Intuthuko esimeme ikhona ezinqumweni ezinkulu zezinhlaka zikahulumeni, njengokusungulwa kwemithetho yokulawulwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, yokuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile, phakathi kokunye. Kodwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, izinqumo ezihlobene nentuthuko esimeme ziyenziwa, njengokulahlwa kukadoti, ukutshala izitshalo, phakathi kwabanye. Yonke le misebenzi esimeme igxile ekunethezweni nasekuphileni kahle komphakathi ngendawo ezungezile.
Eminye yemisebenzi yentuthuko esimeme ukukhetha ukuthi ungamisa kuphi ikhaya lakho noma indawo yokuhlala, okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ithonya indlela yokuphila yomuntu ngamunye; Kudingeka ukucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokunethezeka, ukuthula nokufinyelela ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kodwa ngaphandle kokungabali indawo ezungezile.
Ezinye izizwe ziye zathuthukisa izindlela ezisimeme, ikakhulukazi lawo mazwe athuthukile, enye yalezi ziqalo ziyizindlu ezihlala njalo, ezilungele ukucinga inhlalakahle yabantu kanye nemvelo, ehambisana nesakhiwo esakhiwe ngokucabangela imvelo ezungezile. Ezinye zezinzuzo zayo yilezi ezilandelayo okufanele zigqanyiswe:
- Ukonga amanzi
Amafulethi esimeme akhiwe ngama-valve okonga amanzi, anesistimu yokuqoqa amanzi emvula futhi abuye ahlanzwe amanzi ampunga, lena yokugcina isetshenziselwa ukuchelela kanye nokukhipha amanzi okugeza.
- Ukonga amandla
Zenzelwe ukuthwebula inani elikhulu lokukhanya kwelanga, lokhu kungenxa yohlobo lwendawo lapho ingqalasizinda yayo ikhona, ivumela ukungena komoya kuwo wonke amakhona ayo.
- Ukuxhumana Kwedolobha
I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) ezivela ezintweni zokuthutha, kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezingcolisayo eziyinhloko ezithinta ungqimba lomkhathi. Ngakho-ke, ingqalasizinda esimeme itholakala ezindaweni ezinamasu, kucatshangelwa imikhakha yasemadolobheni yomsebenzi, ezempilo nezokuzijabulisa. Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa kwemoto okuncane kuyakhuthazwa, konga isikhathi futhi kungcolisa kancane.
- Ukuzola
Bakha indawo ethule kakhulu futhi ejabulisayo ye-acoustic, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhohlwe ngokuphithizela kwedolobha okubangela umsindo nokungcoliswa okubonakalayo, okuholela ekucindezelekeni nezinkinga zempilo.
- Ukunakekela impilo
Ezinye zezindlu ezisimeme zinezindawo eziluhlaza, ama-spas kanye nendawo yokuzivocavoca; ukuvuna impilo yomuntu ngamunye ngokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.
- Inzuzo enkulu
Imisebenzi eqhubekayo ifeza umsebenzi wayo ngokugcina inani lazo isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, lezi ngqalasizinda zisebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokuqina isikhathi eside, zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokuhlalwa kwabantu kanye nokuhlangabezana nezimo zemvelo ezifunwayo.
- Nakekela imvelo
Kunezinkampani eziningi ezigxile kulolu hlobo lokwakha, ezihambisana nomthetho ohlobene nezindaba zemvelo, enye yezinto zayo eziyinhloko ukusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinomthelela ophansi wemvelo; ngaphezu kokwenza izindlu emikhakheni eseduze, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezokuthutha kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
nebubi
Ububi bentuthuko esimeme busekukhiqizweni komhlaba wonke nasekusetshenzisweni kwabantu okuphambene nemithetho esekelwe ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamathuluzi adalwe anesimiso esimeme, anenjongo evumelana nemvelo kodwa aveza izithiyo ezithile, ezichazwe ngezansi.
- Ukwenza izinguquko zengqalasizinda, izinguquko zemikhuba kanye nokwehluka kwezinqubo zezimboni kungabiza kakhulu ezinkampanini nasemazweni.
- Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwezinye izindawo, izimboni zingase zithikamezekile ngokungakwazi ukuthola inani elivamile lezinsiza, ukusebenza kancane noma okukhubazeke ngokuphelele, okubangele izinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.
- Ukuzinikela okuntekenteke, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, izinhlaka zikahulumeni kanye nosomabhizinisi kuyadingeka; ukuba yisici esingagcwaliseki ngokuphelele, njengoba imiphumela itholakala esikhathini eside.
- Ukushintsha kwengqondo, okudinga uguquko emphakathini wemikhuba yawo nendlela yokuphila ukuze kugcinwe imvelo.
Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme
Kunezivumelwano nezithangami ukuze kube nendlela esimeme mayelana nemithombo yemvelo, ngakho-ke, isethi yezimiso eziyisisekelo ezibikwe ku-Ajenda yowezi-2030 yasungulwa, echazwe ngezansi:
- Yehlisa ubumpofu nendlala emazweni angakathuthuki.
- Nikeza impilo enempilo nokuphepha kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
- Qasha imfundo esezingeni, ucabangela umsebenzi wezomnotho owanele.
- Ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izinsiza eziyisisekelo (amanzi, ugesi, igesi, phakathi kwezinye) ezidingekayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
- Ukubhidliza inkolelo-mbono yomphakathi kanye nokukhuthaza ukulingana ngokobulili.
- Nikeza ukufinyelela kumandla ahlanzekile nangangcolisi.
- Nikeza emisha yezinkampani emkhakheni wezemvelo.
- Yiba nengqalasizinda esimeme emadolobheni amaningana nasemiphakathini.
- Gcina ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo ngendlela efanele.
- Vikela ukuphila kwezinhlobo zasolwandle futhi ugcine izimo zemvelo.
- Ukukhuthaza imifelandawonye ukuze kuzuzwe zonke izinjongo ezidingekayo phakathi kwamazwe nezikhungo.
Amazwe Abandakanyeke Ekuthuthukisweni Okusimeme
Intuthuko eqhubekayo yisihloko esiqhutshwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zomphakathi, esibandakanya izimboni, izinkampani nemiphakathi evela emazweni ahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Environmental Performance Index (EPI) yasungulwa. Kuyinkomba ecabangela zonke izici zokuba isizwe esiluhlaza kakhulu.Phakathi kwamazwe agqamayo ngokuthuthuka kwawo kumasu okusebenza okusimeme kukhona iSwitzerland, Australia, Luxembourg, Singapore, Germany, Spain, Czech Republic, Austria, Sweden. naseNorway..
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Izinhlobo Zokungcoliswa Kwemvelo
Izinhlobo Zezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo
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