Wake wafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezidakamizwa? Incwadi ka Umlando wezidakamizwa ojwayelekile ngu-Antonio Escohotado ilungele wena! Esihlokweni esilandelayo, sizokwethula isifinyezo kanye nokubuyekeza.
Umlando ojwayelekile wezidakamizwa
Lena incwadi ngenhloso yokufundisa, ukuhlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo, yabhalwa isazi sefilosofi u-Antonio Escohotado, ebhekwa njengenye yemisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho izidakamizwa eziyinhloko emhlabeni zihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe, esitshela umlando wabo, ngaleyo ndlela edalula ukuqala kwalokho akubiza ngokuthi izidakamizwa.
Le ncwadi ihlanganisa izithombe ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu okwenza le ncwadi ingenakuqhathaniswa emlandweni womhlaba ngokunemba nokujula kwayo. Ishicilelwe eSpain, ihlelwa futhi yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1983.
Inamakhasi ayi-1542, izinhlelo eziyishumi nanhlanu (owokugcina owashicilelwa ngo-2006) futhi yahunyushwa ngokwengxenye, amanye ahunyushwa ngokuphelele kwisiFulentshi, isiNgisi, isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi, isiBulgaria nesiCzech. Ulimi olucacile noluqinile olungafundeka kalula.
Liyincwadi eyakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: "Umlando wezidakamizwa" kanye "nendatshana yomuntu siqu ngezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene"; okwenza kube ngumsebenzi ofinyelelekayo kulabo abafuna ukwanelisa ubuhlakani babo ngalesethulo esibhaliwe se-erudite.
Isifingqo
Lo msebenzi usitshela ngendlela eqondile necacile umlando jikelele wezidakamizwa owashicilelwa ngaphambilini ngamavolumu amathathu ahlukene, lapho futhi une-appendix yencwadi ethi "Learning about drugs", okuyibhukwana lezinto ezivuselelayo nezinto ezikhiqiza ukuphumula. . , ngasinye sinezigaba ezihambisanayo ezihlukaniswa phakathi kwezitshalo / izinto: Ukulandisa okufushane komlando, imithamo nokusetshenziswa kanye nencazelo yokuhlangenwe nakho.
Ngenxa yenani lamakhasi incwadi enawo, singabona shazi isifundo sayo esibanzi mayelana nendaba ehlelwa ngale ndlela: Izitshalo, izinto, ukusetshenziswa, isikhundla seziphathimandla, phakathi kokunye.
Le ncwadi futhi isitshela umlando izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa izifunda ezahlukene, izinkolo zamazwe ahlukene (isiGreki, Hindu shamanic), futhi ngokombono imibuso emikhulu, njengobuKristu.
Encwadini, zingabonakala zikleliswe nenani elikhulu lezibonelo, lapho kuboniswa khona ukwephulwa kwangaphambilini kwezidakamizwa, njengokuthi: Iwayini lesabisa impucuko yamaGreki namaRoma, ngakho-ke kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwalo.
Esinye isibonelo asibalulayo ngesokuthi bacwiywa izitho zabaseRussia nabaseGibhithe ngenxa yokuphuza ikhofi. Ngendlela efanayo, kwenzeka ngogwayi ePheresiya futhi umngane womshado waseParaguay wenqatshwa iVatican, efaneleka njengemoto yobusathane.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, inkolo iwudaba olubucayi kulo mongo, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukugqama kakhulu emehlweni omphakathi, njengoba kukhiqizwa ukungabaza okuningi kanye nelukuluku. Umbhali ufinyelela iziphetho phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zezidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa emikhubeni yokukhulisa icala noma ukwesaba nokuthi zingaqondwa kanjani ngokungeyikho.
Ukuchaza eyokuqala njengedili eliyimfihlakalo elingaveza umoya wabathembekile futhi lifakwe ngaphakathi njengonkulunkulu. Futhi okunye njengokudluliswa kobubi ngokomzimba okuphoqa abantu ukuba bazidele ngenxa yalonkulunkulu noma bamkhonze.
Uphenyo oluqanjwe igama luveza inkathi yokuvinjelwa eyaqala ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, okwavela ngenxa yalokho "inhlangano yamavukela-mbuso" maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka futhi ngokusobala ingcindezelo yomhlaba wonke eyenziwa ngabaphathi.
Ichazwe kabanzi kusukela emsebenzini wocwaningo onzima wemithombo eminingi yezindaba nezinsiza ezakha izincwadi eziphelele, i-Escohotado idalula ngobuciko ukuguqulwa kwencwadi abaningi abangayibheka njengesicefe ibe ukufundwa okunomdlandla ngenxa yobuhlakani bayo.
Kanye nokujabulisa kakhulu, inokubhala okuhle kakhulu nesilulumagama esihlanganiswe nesitayela sangempela nesiluthayo esenza okuhlangenwe nakho komfundi omuhle kushukumise ingqondo.
Ngokukhetha komthengi, lo msebenzi ungafundwa uwonke noma weqelwe ezahlukweni ezithakazelisa kakhulu, njengoba unikeza inkomba ebanzi lapho zonke izihloko ezihlanganisayo zibonakala ngokucacile.
Iqukethe izikhombo ezintsha eziya phansi kwekhasi umbhali asishiyela zona futhi ngokunokwenzeka ukuze umfundi abe mnandi kakhulu, njengoba izovumela ukuhluka futhi ithole ukufundwa okusha kuleli okunganelisa ilukuluku mayelana nendaba.
I-appendix equkethe incwadi ethi Learning from Drugs, kufanele ibe uhlobo lwemanyuwali olusiza ngokunembile ukusondela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-psychoactive, kokubili imifino kanye nezithako ezisebenzayo. Ingxenye yomlando ayibanzi kakhulu futhi isho isingeniso esifushane sama-hallucinogen ahlukahlukene futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibamema ukuthi bawasebenzise ngokuzibophezela.
Inomlando omningi wendawo yonke emakhasini ayo ahlelwe kahle aqwashisa abantu, avale izinganekwane futhi avule amehlo alabo abayifundayo, kanye nokwenza lula ukubonisana ngaphandle kokwahlulelwa.
Ekupheleni kwencwadi, imele ukuhlaziywa kwezidakamizwa ezahlukene ezitholakalayo ukuze umfundi akwazi ukucabangela lolu lwazi, uma efisa. Incwadi icacisa ngokucacile amaphuzu alandelayo:
- umthamo osebenzayo.
- Umthamo obulalayo weMedian.
- Isici esithile sokubekezelelana.
- Umthamo kanye nesikhathi esincane esidingekayo.
- imiphumela ye-organic.
- imiphumela engokwengqondo.
- Imithamo emincane.
- Umthamo omaphakathi.
- Imithamo ephezulu.
- ukuphikisana okuqondile.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ngokushesha ukudakwa okukhulu noma i-paranoid trances.
- Ubuthi bezinye ezivame kakhulu endaweni ngayinye kanye nendawo.
Buyekeza
Ezweni eligcwele ukumangalelwa okuyiphutha nokungaqondi kahle, umsebenzi ka-Antonio Escohotado, Umlando Jikelele Wezidakamizwa, uvela phambili, njengoba unenjongo eyengeziwe yokuqeda incazelo engalungile esiyinikeza igama elithi "izidakamizwa".
Okwenza kube nomuzwa wothando kanye nokuba sengozini kweqiniso ukuthi umbhali waloba lo msebenzi omuhle kangaka ejele ngenxa yokusolwa ngokungekho emthethweni ngokushushumbisa izidakamizwa.
Ngokuvamile, kuqondwa ngephutha abasekeli bokugunyazwa kwezidakamizwa, ukuthi bangabantu abangenandaba, abangenalo ikusasa elithembisayo, ama-hippie, noma abonakele ngokokuziphatha. Umlando Jikelele Wezidakamizwa, unqoba lowo mbono owenziwe abantu abaningi ngokwengqondo.
Sinikeza isibonelo sombhali wezomthetho, isazi sefilosofi, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye noprofesa wendlela yesayensi e-UNED, khona-ke Umlando ocacile wezidakamizwa kuwo wonke umlando uphula i-manifesto yesihloko esingakhulunywanga kahle ngabantu.
Ngokusobala le ncwadi ayifuni ukunyanyiswa kwabantu abavaleleke kulesi sihloko, ukuze ifundise futhi ilethe umbono ovulekile emhlabeni onqotshwe ukuziphatha kanye namathonya enkolo nezombusazwe. Lo msebenzi wabelana nawo ngochungechunge lwemibono yesayensi, lapho unomkhathi ofihlekile kanye namathonya ezombusazwe kanye nezokwelapha.
Umsebenzi awuvumeli ukudideka ezinhlangothini zombili, kodwa ukucindezelwa kwalokhu nezinye izindlela zayo. Namuhla uhulumeni uphethe ngokusivikela ezidakamizweni eziluthayo neziwushevu, kodwa futhi uzama ukuvikela abathengi nalabo abachayeka kubo.
Baphinde bazame ukugwema ukulahlekelwa ukwahlulela kwabantu abangazinzile ngokomzwelo, ngoba bayazwela lapho bewela ezindaweni ezinobuthi, okungenzeka esikhathini esizayo kubangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka.
Ohulumeni bakhathazekile ngalezi zenzakalo, njengoba noma iyiphi iphrotheni yobuchopho ejikelezayo ebangela ukusabela okuncane okunobuthi emzimbeni nasekuzinzeni komuntu, kuwukukhala okungapheli. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi ezibhekwa njengezokwelapha futhi eziphephile ukuthi zisetshenziswe abantu, kodwa noma kunjalo, kunomehluko phakathi kososayensi ngale ndaba.
Mhlawumbe, lena yincwadi ediliza okuningi kwalokhu kubandlulula noma ingasimema ukuba sizihlaziyele okwethu mayelana nezinzuzo kanye nobubi bezidakamizwa, isici esibalulekile siwukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Njengoba sifunda lo msebenzi sizothola imibono yangempela, engavamile ukuvela, ngokunokwenzeka indawo yonke yongqondongqondo besayensi nochwepheshe bayotholakala abazochaza yonke into njengoba injalo ngempela.
Isibonelo esiphawuleka kakhulu i-aspirin, engabulala umuntu omdala kusuka kumagremu amathathu. Njengale nto siyisebenzisa kaningi futhi sibambelela kuyo ngisho ngenxa yekhanda sikholelwa ukuthi ayinabungozi, kodwa iqiniso wukuthi iwumuthi ojikelezayo futhi osemthethweni, awuwenzi ubuthi obuncane.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi akusisizi, kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela lezi zincazelo incwadi enikeza ngayo ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuphelele. Iyakwazi ngempela ukunikeza isifundo esihlelwe kahle kakhulu ukuze siphelelise umbono mayelana nezidakamizwa ngaphandle kwezenzo ezithusayo noma ukubandlulula isayensi noma imibono engaguquki.
Ingabe ufuna ukufunda esinye isibuyekezo sencwadi? Sikumema ukuthi ufake isihloko esilandelayo: Isikhwama Samathambo nguStephen King Ukubuyekezwa okufushane!.
kumbhali
U-Antonio Escohotado Espinoza uyisazi sefilosofi saseSpain, isazi somthetho, umbhali wezindaba kanye noprofesa wasenyuvesi, owakha imisebenzi ehlukene ngokusekelwe embonweni wakhe kanye nocwaningo mayelana nomthetho, ifilosofi, kanye nesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, lapho abhekane khona nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga eziyimpikiswano.
Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu kanye neqiniso elaziwayo emhlabeni wonke kwakuwukuhlaziya kwakhe izidakamizwa lapho ebonisa khona isikhundla sakhe njengomuntu omelene nokuvimbela, okwaholela ekutheni aqashelwe ngokuqinisekisa kwakhe inkululeko, njengokubhekana nokwesaba noma izimo lapho izidalwa zingaphansi kwazo. abantu.
Sikumema ukuthi ubukele ividiyo elandelayo ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe mayelana nemibono yalo mbhali: