Izingxabano, izinkinga ezomnotho kanye nenkinga yesimo sezulu ziwusongo oluthathu nje oluyinhloko ekulondekeni kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Iminyaka emibili yokugcina yobhubhane lwe-Covid-19 ihlole amaketanga okuhlinzeka kanye nokufinyelela kokudla kweningi labantu emhlabeni.
Ukuphathwa ngokushesha kwezimo eziphuthumayo ukuthi kuthinte izinhlelo zokudla kwezolimo empeleni kuyilungelo eliyisisekelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokho, kubalulekile ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuba lezi zinhlekelele zenzeke. Kulapho kuphela lapho kuyokwazi khona ukubeka izisekelo zokuvikeleka kokudla kwezinhlelo eziqinile zokudla kwezolimo ezilungiselelwe izinkinga ezizayo.
UDkt. Niccolò Lombardi,Ukuphepha Kokudla
Sizokhuluma ngalokhu nokunye okuningi noDkt. Niccolò Lombardi, Umxhumanisi Wezinyathelo Zokuqala woPhiko Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuvuselelwa kwe-FAO. Siyabonga emashumini eminyaka akhe isipiliyoni emkhakheni wokuphepha kokudla, UDkt. Lombardi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa, ukuqalisa kanye nokuqapha izinhlelo zokuphatha nokuvimbela ubungozi kwezolimo.
Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO), ayisebenzelayo, inezinjongo zayo eziyinhloko ukukhuthazwa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokufinyelela emithonjeni yokudla ephephile nesezingeni kuzo zonke izakhamizi zomhlaba. Kuyisikhungo esikhethekile se-UN eyasungulwa ngo-1945 edolobheni laseQuebec, eCanada, ngesikhathi seseshini yokuqala yeZizwe Ezihlangene.
ihabhu lokudla kwezolimo
Ikomkhulu layo libe seRome kusukela ngo-1951, kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezimbili ezingochwepheshe bokudla nezolimo: Isikhwama Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezolimo (IFAD) kanye ne-World Food Programme (WFP). Kanye ne-FAO, lezi zinhlaka ezintathu zakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi I-United Nations "agri-food hub".
Ikakhulukazi, i-FAO inamalungu ayi-195 (Amazwe ayi-194 kanye ne-European Union) futhi amahhovisi ayo akhona emazweni ayi-130. Uma kubhekwa ubunkimbinkimbi obukhulu bemisebenzi yayo, i-FAO ihlukaniswe yaba amahhovisi amaningana ezifunda, ezifundeni kanye namazwe, asabalale emhlabeni wonke.
Esimeni samanje se-geopolitical and environment, udaba lwe ukuphepha kokudla ithola ukubaluleka okumaphakathi. Ungakwazi yini ukusinika izibonelo ezibambekayo ukuze siwuqonde kangcono lo mqondo? Futhi yini indima ye-FAO kulokhu?
Ngokwencazelo esemthethweni enikezwe yi-FAO esikhuluma ngayo ukuphepha kokudla nini:
Bonke abantu, ngazo zonke izikhathi, banokufinyelela ngokomzimba nangokwezomnotho kokudla okwanele, okuphephile, nokunomsoco ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo kanye nalokho abakuthandayo ukuze baphile ukuphila okunempilo nokunempilo.
Izinsika ezi-4 Zokuphepha Kokudla
Ikakhulu ukuphepha kokudla iqukethe izinsika ezine eziyisisekelo:
- " Ukutholakala kokudla ": ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo zokudla.
- " ukufinyelela ekudleni ": Abantu kumele bakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokudla bebodwa. Futhi kulokhu kunezici eziningana ezihlobene nokufinyelela kokudla, njengesici somzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi nesomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, ngingase ngibe nemali yokuthenga ukudla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo angikwazi ukukuthola ngenxa yezingxabano noma inhlekelele yemvelo.
- " Ukusetshenziswa ": abantu kumele bakwazi ukusebenzisa ukudla ngendlela efanele ukuze babe nokudla okwanele, balandele futhi bahloniphe yonke imithetho yenhlanzeko-yenhlanzeko ehlobene nokulungiswa kokudla ngokwako.
- " Ukuqina ": ukukhuluma ngempela ngokuvikeleka kokudla, kuyadingeka ukuthi abantu bathole imithombo yokudla ehlala isikhathi eside. Abantu bangase babe sengcupheni yokulahlekelwa ukulondeka kokudla ngemva kwesigameko sezulu, a shock ezomnotho, ukungqubuzana.
Indlala emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla
Mayelana neqhaza elibanjwe yi-FAO, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinsika ngabanye esisanda kuzibona zixhumene kakhulu. Uma ufuna ngempela ukuqeda indlala emhlabeni ngo-2030, udinga ukuhlela amasu esikhathi esimaphakathi neside ukuze wenze okuthile. Lezi kumele bakwazi ukuhlanganisa izici ezihlobene nokusimama kokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezolimo, kanye nemithetho kanye nemithetho elawula umkhakha wokudla.
Ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke, i-FAO ine- ukusebenzisana kwezibalo ezikhethekile ezihlukahlukene eziyingxenye yokwehlukana phakathi kwenhlangano ngokwayo. Isibonelo, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe okukhethekile ngemfuyo namadlelo, kodwa futhi nokudoba nokuthuthukiswa komnotho nezolimo.
Zonke lezi zigaba zisebenza ndawonye ukuze ukusiza ohulumeni ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa i ukuphepha kokudla. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo umsebenzi wabo wokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezolimo, futhi ikakhulukazi emazweni asesimweni esiphuthumayo.
Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ekuphepheni kokudla
Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo, empeleni, izinjongo ezimbili ze-FAO Division ayisebenzelayo. Ungakwazi yini ukusitshela ukuthi le ngxenye yenzani?
Uphiko Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo kanye Nokuqina kwe-FAO luyingxenye engenelela ikakhulukazi kuwo wonke lawo mazwe akulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ umongo wenkinga yokudla ”. Lawa amazwe lapho kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuqinisekiswa kwamane izinsika zokuvikeleka kokudla.
Ikakhulukazi, uma kuziwa ekuphathweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo, uphiko lwethu luyangenelela ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuvikela nokuvikela izimpilo zabo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla. Umgomo uwukusiza abantu ukuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqiza ngokushesha ngemva komcimbi obangela inkinga, okungenzeka kube umphumela wezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu noma ezinye izici.
Phakathi kwe usizo oluphuthumayo ukuthi isigaba sethu sihlinzeka ngokushesha emiphakathini esengozini kakhulu, sithola, isibonelo, ukusatshalaliswa kwembewu nokudla kwezilwane kanye nosizo lwezilwane. Kodwa futhi ukufakwa kwama-micro-irrigation systems noma usizo lwemali.
Singagcini nje ngokukhuluma ngosizo lwezimali...
Ngokuvamile lolu sizo lwezezimali (ngenkokhelo) iphinde ihambisane nezinye usizo ngolunye (ngobuchwepheshe, imali plus). Phakathi kwalokhu sithola, isibonelo, okokusebenza ukusiza ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emvula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile.
Ngaphezu kwalolu chungechunge losizo olusheshayo, lubalulekile ukuthi abantu banazo zonke izindlela ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nokuphatha izinkinga ezizayo. Ukwabiwa kokudla kuyisisekelo futhi kudingekile izikhathi eziningi ukuze kugwenywe ukufa kwabantu.
Kodwa inkinga ayisoze yaxazululeka uma lokhu kungenelela okusheshayo akuhlotshaniswa nokusekelwa kokukhiqiza. Laba bakamuva kumele, empeleni, bakwazi ukunikeza izinzuzo ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa futhi nangesikhathi eside esimaphakathi.
Indima yakho uku Umxhumanisi Wesenzo Okulindelekile, ngokuqondile Uphiko Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuqina Kwe-FAO. Kodwa kusho ukuthini izenzo zokulindela? Futhi yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokungenelela?
Empeleni, umqondo wesenzo esilindelekile usanda kwenzeka. Iphinde yazuza umfutho ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obuwusizo ukubikezela ukufika kokushaqisa kanye nezenzakalo eziyinhlekelele. Sikhuluma, isibonelo, ngezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengeziphepho, isomiso noma izishingishane, kodwa futhi inkinga kwezomnotho, noma ukusabalala ngokushesha kwezifo zezitshalo nezilwane.
Ikakhulukazi, isenzo sokulindela siphakathi ncamashi nalokho okubizwa ngejagoni yobuchwepheshe » isixwayiso sakuqala «, okungukuthi, isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nesenzakalo ngokwaso. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinkomba ezithile zengozi esiyiqaphayo, kungenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi umcimbi uzokwenzeka nini kanye nokunwetshwa kwawo.
Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu sithola, isibonelo, lamamodeli okubikezela isimo sezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamasathelayithi noma izinsimbi ezikwazi ukukala isimo sezempilo senhlabathi. Uma ubungozi budlula izinga elithile, inqubo yokuhlanganisa izimali kanye nemithombo yemali ivele isebenze ukuze kwehliswe imithelela yenhlekelele.
I-SPHERE
Lolu sizo lungaqhamuka ngqo esikhwameni sangaphakathi se-FAO, esibizwa nge-SFERA, kodwa futhi kwezinye izimali kanye nakohulumeni bamazwe athintekile. Zonke lezi zenzo zingenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu wokuxhumana wangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano ngokwayo. Akugcini lapho, inhlangano yethu nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile a red ukusebenzelana kwangaphandle nezinye izinhlangano ezine ezinkulu.
Lezi yizi Uhlelo Lomhlaba Lokudla (WFP), i-International Federation of the Red Cross, iHhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Lokuxhumanisa Izindaba Zobuntu (OCHA) kanye ne-Start Network. Inhlangano, le yakamuva, ehlanganisa izinhlangano ezisiza abantu ezingaphezu kuka-50, okuhlanganisa izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nama-NGO ahlukahlukene kazwelonke.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga kusho nokwakha izinhlelo eziqinile zesikhathi esizayo esiseduze. Mayelana nalokhu, yiziphi izenzo ezenziwa yi-FAO Division yakho?
Umqondo wesenzo sokulindela ufundisa ukuthi ukusiza abantu ngemva kokushaywa yisimo esiphuthumayo akusebenzi kangako kunokungenelela ngaphambi kwenhlekelele. Ngakho-ke kungani ulinda lezi zinhlekelele ezibikezelwa ukuthi zenzeke?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kulungile ukuthi isiqalo sesigaba sethu wusizo oluphuthumayo ukusekela abantu bendawo. Kodwa kakade kusukela kulesi sigaba sokuqala kuyadingeka ukubeka izisekelo zokuqina okuphumelelayo nokuhlala njalo. Lokhu kuqina kungaqala, isibonelo, ngokuhlinzekwa kwembewu ephikisana nokucindezeleka okuhlukahlukene kwemvelo, njengokucindezeleka kwamanzi nokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yemali engenayo
Inhlangano ibe seyibophezelekile ukunikeza usizo futhi ukuqeqeshwa mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa ngempela amathuluzi atholakalayo. Kuyindlela yokuthi, noma ngabe kuyini, ihlale ibheka amasu nezindlela zokulima zendawo. Ukwabelana ngolwazi kanye nemininingwane yendawo kubalulekile ngempela ukuze abantu bazimele futhi bakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezithusayo zesikhathi esizayo. .
Ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yemali engenayo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo nciphisa ukuncika emsebenzini owodwa okhiqizayo kanjalo nokuba sengozini emiphumeleni emisha ukushaqeka. Ngokuhambisana nale misebenzi, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kuthathwe isinyathelo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi ashintsha isimo sezulu futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle ekusebenziseni izinsiza.
Okokugcina, kuyacaca ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngokuvikeleka kokudla kanye nokuqina kwezinhlelo ze-agrifood, Ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo zezombusazwe kanye nohulumeni bamazwe athintekile kuba okuyisisekelo futhi kudingekile. Sibonga kuphela ukusebenzisana kwethimba okuzokwazi ukwakha amasistimu okudla okuqinile kwezolimo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.