Isistimu Yekhompyutha: Kuyini? Izinhlobo nezici

Yazi ngalokhu okuthunyelwe, konke mayelana uhlelo lwekhompyutha, umuntu ophethe ukugcina, ukucubungula kanye nokubuyisa idatha

Isistimu yekhompyutha 1

Uhlelo lwekhompyutha

Kungaba njalo chaza uhlelo lwekhompyutha njengamasu ahlukene asetshenziselwa ukusungula ingxenye eyisisekelo yokucutshungulwa kwesizindalwazi, kungaba ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ezifana nezinsiza zabantu noma amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana ahlanganisa ngokugcwele ikhompuyutha nesofthiwe nehadiwe okuphathekayo kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lusivumela isitoreji esiphelele kanye nekhono lokusabalalisa idatha nemvelo esiyichaza ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kwalokhu ukuze sifeze izinjongo ezimbili ezibalulekile noma imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano okuyiyo ukulawulwa komsebenzi ngamunye kanye namandla okuthatha izinqumo ngendlela egcwele kakhulu futhi ebanzi.

El umjikelezo wempilo wesistimu yekhompyutha iqala ngesikhathi lapho amabhizinisi azosetshenziswa angenandaba nesenzo sezomnotho esifuna ukusisungula njengokuthenga, ukuthengisa, inkokhelo noma ukuqoqwa; kanye nezinhlelo ezifuna ukusungula idatha yokuphatha noma yokukhiqiza. Okubalulekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukusungula ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okuphelele okusivumela ukuthi senze amafomu ngaphakathi kwemishini yekhompyutha. Le datha ingatholwa ezindaweni eziqine kakhulu njengalezo zangaphakathi kunhlangano noma ukushintsha kancane okutholakala emakhasini ahlukene e-inthanethi.

Kufanele siqonde ukuthi idatha noma ulwazi esiluphathayo lusivumela ngokuyinhloko ukuthi sisungule amapharamitha ocwaningo asivumela ukuthi senze izinguquko ukuze sifinyelele ukuhlanganiswa, ukuguqulwa nokugcinwa kwedatha ehlotshaniswa nabasebenzisi abahlukene besistimu yekhompyutha esiyisungula ngaphakathi inhlangano.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze uqonde kangcono imiqondo ehlukene esizoyithuthukisa kulesi sihloko, sikumema ukuthi ufinyelele ukwaziswa okulandelayo okulalelwayo nokubonwayo okuzochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngayinye yencazelo esizoyithola lapha.

Izingxenye zesistimu yekhompyutha

Njengoba sesivele siwuchazile umqondo esiwuthuthukisayo, singaqala ukuchaza ngayinye yazo Izingxenye zesistimu yekhompyutha esebenza ngokuphelele, esebenza kahle futhi ezinikele ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe esikufunayo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yethu.

  • Ukucubungula uchungechunge: Okokuqala, lapho sizochaza izingxenye ezahlukene esingazifinyelela ohlelweni lwekhompiyutha oluthembeke kakhulu, yisigaba sokucubungula esisisiza ukusungula ukweqisa esizokuzuza ekucutshungulweni kwedatha ephathekayo. esivumela ukuthi sikhiqize idatha eyisisekelo. Sizosebenzisa le datha eyinhloko ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokucubungula ukuze sizuze ukutholwa, ukubonisana, ukuqoqwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngayinye yazo ngendlela enesibopho ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
  • Izinto zikagesi: izinto esizisebenzisayo ukuze simise isistimu yolwazi zisivumela ukuba sizuze ukuqonda okujulile nokunembe kakhudlwana kwalokho esingakufeza kuyo yonke inhlangano. Lawa maqembu asivumela ukuthi sisungule amasistimu okusekela noma ukuthunyelwa okuhlukile okufana namasango noma ama-HUB athuthukisa ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezintweni esizisungule njengenhlangano. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengenhlangano siqonde izinhlobo zemishini ye-elekthronikhi esinikezwa yimakethe nokuthi yiziphi ezingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zethu, yingakho sikushiyela isixhumanisi esilandelayo esichaza ngayinye yalezi zimpawu ngokuningiliziwe. Izinhlobo zamakhompyutha
  •  Ulwazi losekelo: Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ohlelweni lwekhompiyutha ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oluvela ekusetshenzisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamabhukwana ahlukene atholakala ngaphakathi kwemishini yobuchwepheshe efana namakhompyutha noma ukwesekwa ukuze kusungulwe ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo ngokujwayelekile.
  • Amamanuwali: Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uhlelo lwekhompiyutha olusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwenhlangano kufanele luze namamanyuwali abasebenzisi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqondiswa, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nesiqondiso sabasebenzi esinabo ngaphakathi kwenkampani, inhlangano noma inhlangano. Njengoba nje amamanuwali okusebenza esetshenziswa ukuze akwazi ukuhlonza ukuziphatha kwabaphathi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, uhlelo lwekhompyutha lusivumela ukuqondisa abasebenzi abasha noma ukucacisa ukungabaza okungase kuvele kuyo yonke inhlangano.
  • Izinhlobo zolwazi: Okokugcina, singabala ingxenye ewusizo kakhulu ezingeni lenhlangano nelokusebenza ngenxa yezakhiwo ezivame ukwethulwa ngazo, ezehlukene futhi ezifinyeleleka kalula, njengeDVD, amaCD, ipeni lokushayela, ifu, ukuphrinta noma ngisho kancane, ehlelekile futhi okunzima ukuyifinyelela uma ingeyona ingxenye yenhlangano, njengezizindalwazi esingazigcina kuma-hard drive angaphakathi noma angaphandle, ukuze sivikele inqubo ngayinye esungulwe ngaphakathi kwenkampani.

Isistimu yekhompyutha 2

Izinhlobo zamasistimu ekhompyutha

Uma sikhuluma ngezigaba ohlelweni lwekhompuyutha, sikhuluma ngamasistimu asivumela ukuthi sisebenzise ukuphathwa kwemishini yangaphandle yesistimu yekhompyutha ngendlela ephelele nehlukene ukuze uqonde ukuziphatha komunye nomunye wabo.

Ukucubungula ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwezinhlelo zekhompiyutha, sibhekisela kulawo makhompyutha anamandla okusungula imisebenzi ecutshungulwa idatha ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ongahlanganiswa ngokusebenza.

Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yekhompiyutha lubonakala ngokuba nensiza yomuntu ehlanganisa noma ehlanganisa idatha ngayinye edingekayo ukuze kufezwe ukucutshungulwa, ukuhlaziya kanye nokwethulwa kwemiphumela ephakela uhlelo, phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zesistimu esingazithola:

Isistimu yokucubungula okwenziwayo

Lolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha lujwayele ukwaziwa ngokuthi amasistimu e-TPS, agxile noma anikezelwe ekucutshungulweni okuphathekayo kwedatha ehlukile esingahlala sihlobana nayo ngokuqondile nokusebenza okuvamile kwenhlangano. Ukuze siqonde lo mqondo, singaba isibonelo samafayela okukhokhelwa, ama-invoyisi okuthenga noma okuthengisa, ama-invoyisi esevisi, ukukhokhwa kwezibopho ezihlukene, phakathi kokunye.

Isistimu yekhompyutha 3

amasistimu ezishintshayo ehhovisi

I-OAS noma isistimu ye-automation yehhovisi zaziwa njengalezo zindlela ezisivumela thina, izisebenzi zenhlangano, inkampani, uhlobo noma inkampane, ukucubungula ngokugcwele imibhalo, idatha, imibukiso, amakhalenda, ukuxhumana nanoma yikuphi ukusebenza okuvamile. Lokhu kuvame ukuvumela izinkampani, izinkampani noma izinkampani ukuthi zisungule izinhlelo zokuxazulula izinkinga zemisebenzi yansuku zonke edala isimiso futhi ezingagcina sezikhohliwe ngabasebenzi. Phakathi kwezixazululo ezihlinzekwe yi-OAS ukuhlelwa kwe-ajenda, ukuhlela umsebenzi, ukubonisana kwedathabhesi, phakathi kokunye.

Uhlelo lolwazi lokuphatha

I-MIS yesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi ingachazwa njengohlelo lwekhompiyutha olunenjongo yokuhlanganisa i-TPS ngayinye esiyisungula ngaphakathi kwenhlangano futhi ikwazi ukwakha isizindalwazi esisekelwa kakhulu esisivumela ukuthi silethe umbiko onemininingwane ephelele abaphathi abahlukene abaphakela le database.

Mayelana nokuma okunganikezwa lolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha, kuzoncika kakhulu kumapharamitha esiwasungule ukuze sizuze ukuxazululwa okuphelele kwezinkinga ngaphakathi kwenkampani.

Enye yezinzuzo i-MIS esinika yona ukuthi ivumela ukufakwa kwemisebenzi engapheli engeke yehlise izinga lekhwalithi noma ubuhle esibusungulayo, kodwa ezobonisa amaphutha enhlangano esinawo ukuze sikwazi ukuhlanganisa lezi zici. ngokwezidingo zenhlangano kanjalo ukugcinwa kokuvimbela kanye nokulungisa kohlelo lwekhompyutha.

Uhlelo lokusekela izinqumo

Uma sihlaziya lolu hlobo lwesistimu yekhompiyutha sizithola sinomshini osuselwe ku-MIS futhi ozosivumela ukuthi sisungule isibuyekezo sedathabhesi noma imininingwane eyisisekelo evela noma evela ezingeni lokuqala, okuyinsiza yabantu esiyisebenzelayo. abe ngaphakathi.yenhlangano yethu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlelo zokweseka izinqumo noma i-DSS yesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi ivumela ukukhuthaza nokusekela izinqumo ezisungulwe enhlanganweni ngayinye, ukuze kuzuzwe ukwethenjwa okukhulayo kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi obungabalelwa ngaphakathi kwenhlangano ulwazi olucutshungulwayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlaziya okusebenzayo noma izindlela zobuningi esizisungula ngaphakathi kokusebenza okuvamile kwenhlangano zizosivumela ukuba sisungule izakhiwo eziphelele ezisivumela ukuthi sithole amaphutha lapho sihlaziya isizindalwazi esisithola ezinhlelweni zethu zekhompiyutha.

Uma sisebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokusekela ukuze sisungule ukwenza izinqumo, sizokwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezicatshangwayo futhi zihlukaniswe njengomugqa okwazi ukuqondisa ngokuphelele futhi ngokunembile izinqumo ezihlukile zomuntu ngamunye noma zeqembu esizuza kuzo inguqulo engcono yethu njengenhlangano.

Enye yezinzuzo i-DSS esinika yona ukuthi iwuhlelo lwekhompuyutha oluvumelanisa ulwazi lweqembu noma lomuntu ngamunye olusivumela ukuthi siqondise cishe ngokuphelele amaqembu ahlukene abantu abakha izinsiza zabantu zenhlangano noma inkampani.

Amasistimu asekelwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa

Omunye wemiqondo okufanele siyiphathe kahle uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obusha ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. I-Artificial intelligence ingenye yamagatsha akhule futhi avela kakhulu.

Izinhlelo ezisuselwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa zisivumela ukuthi sihlanganise ngokugcwele imikhakha ehlukene esiyithuthukisayo ngaphakathi kwezinhlangano ezisebenza nezinkambu zobuchwepheshe ezigxile ekuthuthukisweni okufana namarobhothi noma amaphethini enhlangano ahlonza ukuvela okubukwayo, okudijithali ngisho nokuzwayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukulingisa ukunyakaza kolimi kanye ukuhlonyiswa kwabantu.

Uma sikwazi ukusungula le sistimu yekhompyutha ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yethu, siyabona ukuthi ngokuhlobene ne-MIS noma i-DDS, basinikeza indawo yokubuka esisiza ukuthi sithathe imisebenzi eminingi yabantu noma esebenzayo esisiza ukuthi sicubungule idatha eyinhloko esiyitholayo. uthole okokuqala..

Uhlelo olusekelwe kumthetho wolwazi

Lolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha lusenza sikwazi ukusungula ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu noluyinkimbinkimbi olusinika ithuba lokudala imithetho esivumela ukuba sazi indawo esebenzayo nephelele yenhlangano yethu. Phakathi kwamafomu okulawula esingawafinyelela ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha sinemibandela, ezinye izindlela noma izenzo ezifanayo ezisungula ithoni yolwazi.

Lolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha lochwepheshe ngokuvamile lisivumela ukuba sazi futhi siqonde indlela izinsiza zabantu ezisivumela ngayo ukuthi simise isitoreji esiphelele sesizindalwazi esisikhiqizayo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.

Okunye ukugxeka okuthola kakhulu uhlelo lwekhompyutha olusekelwe emithethweni yolwazi ukuthi izindlela okunzima ukuzihlanganisa noma ukwethula ngokwanele.

Isistimu yokucabanga esekelwe emacaleni

Kuwukuqondanisa okuhlelekile okusekelwe kuzifaniso ezibonisa uhlobo lokumelwa kolwazi kanjalo. Bagxila ekutheni ikufuna ngobuqotho kangakanani ukuncoma noma ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga komuntu. Njengoba lokhu kugxile kokuhlangenwe nakho okudlule ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izenzo zamanje, ngale ndlela ukuthuthukiswa okusha, ukufunda nokucabanga kungasetshenziswa.

Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngendlela ekhetheke kakhulu njengoba lusinikeza ulwazi oluphelele lwesipiliyoni esesivele sisungulwe ngokuhlanganisa imininingwane ngayinye eholela kuleso sikhathi, lokhu kudala isizindalwazi esivumela uhlelo lwekhompiyutha ukuthi lulungiswe ikusasa lilungiswe uma kuvela esinye isimo salolu bukhulu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha lunenkomba eyingozi enkulu njengoba, njengoba lusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu, lungase lube nengqondo kakhulu kumuntu ohlele uhlelo. Ngakho uyethula ngendlela okungenzeka ukuthi ayifanele inhlangano.

 Isistimu yenethiwekhi ye-neural yokwenziwa

Ama-ANN noma isistimu yekhompuyutha egxile ekuthuthukisweni kwayo kumanethiwekhi okwenziwa yi-neural asekelwe ekuzuzeni indlela ama-neurons kumuntu asebenza ngayo. Lawa masistimu anobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengoba enziwe izinkulungwane zama-neuron okwenziwa ahlanganayo ukuze akhe izixazululo zolwazi ngokuya ngesizindalwazi esisisungulile.

Enye yezimpumelelo ezinkulu kakhulu ezingafinyelelwa ngohlelo lwekhompyutha ye-RNA ukusungula indlela yokusebenza engaguquki futhi ephelele, nokho-ke lolu lwazi lungase lwethulwe kithi ngezinga elithile lephutha noma elingaphelele, yingakho kuyanconywa. ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha kugxile emisebenzini elula ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.

uhlelo lwekhompyutha

Amasistimu asuselwe kuma-algorithms wofuzo

Lolu uhlelo lwekhompiyutha oluguquguquka kakhulu futhi lutuswa intuthuko yobuchwepheshe esingayithola lapha. Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha olususelwe kuma-algorithms wofuzo noma i-GA kuwukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezihlanganiswe zodwa futhi zifuna ukuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezakhi zofuzo ezisungulwe ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni ukuze kuqedelwe amasu ezifunda mathupha.

Abahleli balolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha bathemba ukuthi ukuqwashisa nge-algorithms yofuzo kuzovumela amakhompyutha ukuthi afunde ukuhlonza idatha eguquguqukayo ngokwawo ezosetshenziswa ekufuneni izisombululo ezihlukene.

Amasistimu ekhompiyutha e-GA avumela ukuthi amaphethini asungulwe noma isizindalwazi esinezimo ngokuphelele esivumela ukuthi siguquke futhi sizuze inani lezixazululo zemisebenzi evamile ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.

Singakwazi ukufeza lezi zixazululo ngokusekelwe kudatha eyinhloko evame ukuhlukahluka kakhulu, okuhunyushwa njengokuhlukahluka kwenhlangano okubonakalayo futhi okunosizo oluncane ezingeni lokuqalisa.

Nokho, ngokusungula ulwazi oluguquguqukayo njengedatha eyinhloko, luvumela lolu hlelo lwekhompiyutha ye-GA ukuthi luzisungule ngezindlela zezinombolo eziphelele ezifana nezinhlelo zokubala, ezezimali, ezomnotho noma zokucwaninga. Ngenxa yokuthi uyakwazi ukuhlaziya nokugxila emiphumeleni eminingi ebalulekile kulaba baphathi.

Amasistimu asekelwe kumasu weWebhu

Lena enye yezinhlelo zekhompyutha ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu emazingeni ahlukene omsebenzi. IWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke noma njengoba sijwayele ukwazi iWWW. Ivumela isizukulwane esisha sesistimu yekhompiyutha ukuthi sikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha futhi ngokuphelele nale nkundla yedijithali.

Lo mqondo uvumele i-Intranet kanye nama-WEB agxile ngaphandle ukuthi azibeke njengohlelo lwekhompyutha olushintshashintsha ngokuphelele kanye nosizo oluqhubekayo lomuntu ngamunye osebenza ku-inthanethi.

I-Intranet neWebhu kusivumela ukuthi sisungule isistimu yekhompyutha egxile ekuphathweni kwangaphakathi kwephothali lapho sisebenza khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi babheka isizindalwazi abasiphethe ukuze basungule ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi noma idatha ewusizo olukhulu kumthengi wephothali.


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