Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kulokho izinhlobo zezimbali kusho ukuthi. Izimbali, ngokuvamile, ziyinto emangalisa kakhulu ebonwa lapho kukhulunywa ngawo wonke umbuso wezitshalo, ngaphezu kwalokhu, zibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imvelo, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziningi kuncike kuzo.
Zihlukaniswa kanjani izinhlobo zezimbali?
Njengoba nje kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi Izinhlobo zezihlahla, kukhona nezinhlobo zezimbali. Into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule imayelana nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo. Eyokuqala kulawa amaGymnosperm, lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo azinayo noma yiluphi uhlobo lwembali, okungukuthi, aziqhakazi kunoma yiziphi izinkathi zonyaka noma kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Manje, uhlobo lwesibili, esizokhuluma ngalo kuso sonke isiqephu sendatshana, yilolo lwama-angiosperms. Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo, lapho sezikhulile, ziqala ukuqhakaza.
Izimbali zalezi zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba, ngenxa yazo, impova kanye nokuzala kabusha kwesitshalo kwenziwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zitshalo eziningi kwenzeka lapho isilwane esihambisa impova, njenge ama-hummingbirds, baphuze umpe wezimbali bese beya kwezinye, ngale ndlela, inqubo yokuvundiswa kwenzeka esitshalweni futhi yile ndlela engakwazi ukuzala futhi yakhe ezinye izitshalo ezintsha zezinhlobo ezifanayo.
Uma sibhekisela kuma-angiosperms, singasho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimbali ezingabonakala ngendlela elula kakhulu. Eyokuqala yazo yi-monocots, lezi yizo lezo zitshalo ezine-cotyledon eyodwa kuphela, ngakho-ke izimbali zazo ngokuvamile zinamacembe angabalwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezintathu. Uhlobo lwesibili lwalezi zitshalo ama-dicotyledons, okuthi, njengoba negama ngokwalo lisho, anama-cotyledon amabili, lapho izimbali, ikakhulukazi, zinamacembe abalwa ngokuphindaphinda kuka-4 noma 5.
Manje, kufanele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa izimbali, ikakhulukazi lezo zezitshalo ezibhekwa njengezonyaka. Kulapha lapho sibhekene nezitshalo ezihlala njalo, ezineminyaka emibili noma ephemeral. Lawa magama akhombisa isikhathi lapho lezi zitshalo ziqhakaza ngaso. Kwezinye izimo, futhi kuye ngokuthi umlimi okhuluma ngaye, izimbali zingahlukaniswa njengezocansi noma ze-asexual.
Okuthile okufanele sikucabangele uma sifuna ukuhlukanisa izitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyi-monocotyledonous noma i-dicotyledonous, ukuthi, ezikhathini eziningi, amacembe awo angase ahlanganiswe ndawonye, ngakho-ke ukuqaphela nokukhomba ngayinye yazo ngezinye izikhathi, kuvame ukuba i-bit complex. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwezigaba lubhekwa njengezigaba ezilula kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba kube nendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ukwazi ukuyenza ngendlela efanele.
Yiziphi izici zezinhlobo zezimbali ze-angiosperm?
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lwezitshalo ungathola okungenani phakathi kuka-250.000 no-400.000 ezahlukene. izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, yona-ke, ihlukaniswe phakathi kwe-monocotyledonous noma i-dicotyledonous. Manje, ukuze siqondane kangcono, sizokwazi ukuthi yini i-cotyledon. I-cotyledon iyimbewu eboshiwe lapho imbali iqala ukukhula noma ukukhula. Lawa ma-cotyledon aqukethe ngaphakathi kwawo zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze izimbali zikwazi ukukhula futhi zisuke ekubeni ama-bulb ziye embalini ephelele.
Lapho imbewu isikhule ngendlela efanele, izothumela i-cotyledon eyodwa noma amabili emaqabunga esitshalo ukuze, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwembali, akhule futhi izimbali ezihlukahlukene zikhule.
Manje, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izimbali ze-monocotyledonous zakha okungenani ama-25% azo zonke izitshalo ze-angiosperm emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lwezimbali lungahlukaniswa uma sibheka ngokucophelela imithambo abanayo, endabeni yalolu hlobo, imithambo izofana nomunye nomunye futhi ukukhula kwayo kuzoqala kusukela phansi kwe-petal, ngaphezu kwalokhu, imithambo efanayo ngeke ibe namagatsha lapho ifika ekugcineni kweqabunga noma i-petal. Isibonelo salezi zimbali kungaba umnduze.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinama-dicotyledons, anemithambo ukuthi nakuba ikhula kusukela phansi kwe-petal, izokhipha, ngendlela yenethiwekhi ehlelwe kahle, ize ifinyelele ekupheleni kwayo. Isibonelo salezi zimbali ama-roses.
Isikhathi esifanele sokukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhona yilapho ikhula, kusukela, okwamanje iphuma emhlabathini, singaqaphela ukuthi izoba yiqabunga elilodwa noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, ukuze sikuqaphele lokhu, kufanele sibe yithi esikhula isitshalo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezimbali
Ake sifunde kancane mayelana izinhlobo zezimbali esingakuthola Phakathi kwazo kukhona: izitshalo zasogwadule ezinezimbali nezitshalo ezinezimbali ezimelana kakhulu.
izitshalo zasogwadule ezinezimbali
Abantu abaningi abakukholelwa kodwa, phakathi kwezingwadule ezihlukahlukene, kunenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo eziyingxenye ye-ecosystem ethile. Kulokhu, singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo okwakudingeka zidlule ohlelweni lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nemvelo engathandeki nokuthi izimo ezihlala kuzo zingaba ezimbi kangakanani.
Izitshalo ezikhula lapho kufanele zifunde ukukwazi ukugcina amanzi ezikwazi ukumunca ezimvula ezimbalwa ezina kulolu hlobo lwendawo, ngale ndlela, kufanele futhi zidale ngaphakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwesistimu oluvumela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa amanzi okuncane okungenzeka.
Uma sizibheka, singabona ukuthi ukubukeka kwalezi zitshalo kuhluke kakhulu kwezinye esingazithola ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuzijwayeza kwabo kubenze bashintsha baba yifomu elenza ukuthi bangazweli kakhulu.
Nokho, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi, naphezu kwalezi zinguquko esizibona ngeso lenyama, lezi zitshalo nazo zingaqhakaza. Yebo, kunezici ezithile okufanele sizazi ngalesi sihloko:
- Lezo zitshalo ezinamahlathi, noma ezifana nezihlahla, ziyakwazi ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi okungenani ngoba amaqabunga awo anohlobo lwe-wax oluvikelayo futhi lugcine lungenamanzi, ngaphezu kwalokhu, lezi zitshalo zinephunga elinamandla, elizisizayo. ukuze izilwane zasogwadule zingawadli.
- Uma sibhekisela ku-cacti, singabona ukuthi banezinsika eziningi emaqabunga abo. Lameva anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvimbela izilwane ukuba zingasondeli futhi zidle amaqabunga azo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo zingaba namandla amangalisayo okukwazi ukugcina amalitha angaba ngu-800 amanzi agciniwe ngaphakathi kuzo.
- Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo, izitshalo zasogwadule zenza i-photosynthesis yazo eziqwini zazo esikhundleni seqabunga, yingakho iziqu zazo zihlala ziluhlaza njengoba zigcwele i-chlorophyll.
- Uma sikhuluma ngezimpande zalezi zitshalo, kumelwe sazi ukuthi zinde kakhulu, ngale ndlela, ziyakwazi ukumunca amanzi amaningi angase anqwabelene ekujuleni komhlaba lapho ezitholakala khona.
Manje, ake sazi izitshalo zasogwadule ezikwazi ukukhiqiza izimbali zazo:
- ICactus.
- i-saguaro cacti
- I-Desert Agave.
- i-desert rose
Izitshalo ezinezinhlobo zezimbali ezimelana kakhulu
Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwezitshalo, sibhekisela kulezo ezithathwa njengezikhathi zonyaka, okungukuthi, kumele zikwazi ukujwayelana kahle nezimo zezulu ezihlukene zezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Ngokuvamile, lezo zitshalo izimbali zazo ziminyene, okungukuthi, amacembe azo amelana kakhulu, angakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi, ezindaweni ezifudumele ngisho nangenkathi yeqhwa. Abanye babo baze basinda ezikhukhuleni ezahlukene ezibonakale kwezinye izindawo.
Izitshalo ezimelana kakhulu yilezi:
- Owommbila.
- Isitshalo seqanda.
- Ithanga elilodwa.
- Utamatisi owodwa.
- I-petunias.
- Uthando lwenkungu.
- Ezinye izitshalo ezilengayo ezingaqhakaza.
Uma sibhekisela ezitshalweni ezilengayo eziqhakazayo, sibhekisela kulezo zihlahlana ezinamahlamvu phakathi nazo zonke izikhathi zonyaka futhi ezingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezilengayo. Izimbali zalezi zitshalo, ngokuvamile, zingatshalwa ezingadini noma eduze kocingo noma ama-trellises asendaweni, ngale ndlela, zizokhula zibukeka njengemivini.
Isikhathi esikahle sokutshala lezi zimbali yilapho kufika uMbasa noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ezinye zalezi zitshalo yilezi:
- I-moss yaphakama.
- i-lantana.
- i-fuchsia
- i-vervain
Izinhlobo ezidumile zezimbali
Sizokwazi ezinye zezinhlobo zezimbali ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukufunda okwengeziwe ngazo nobuhle bazo:
I-Roses
Amarozi atholakala phakathi kweqembu lezihlahla ezinameva. Lezi zinhlobo zezimbali zibonwa ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobuhle bazo obumangalisayo nephunga elimnandi. Uma sibheka lezi zimbali, singabona ukuthi imiqumbe yazo yenziwe ngamacembe amaningana angaba nemibala ehlukahlukene. Nakuba, okuvame kakhulu futhi okwaziwayo kubo bonke yibo abanombala obomvu oqinile.
Emasikweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, kuvame kakhulu ukunikeza ama roses abomvu njengophawu noma uphawu olumele uthando ngendlela yothando. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sazi ukuthi kukhona ulimi lwezimbali, lapho kuboniswa khona ukuthi, kuye ngombala namasiko, i-rose ingaba nezincazelo ezahlukene, isibonelo salokhu yileso se-white rose, okuyinto, kwezinye izindawo. , linencazelo yothando olumsulwa nolungenacala.
Namuhla, kungashiwo ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-350.000 XNUMX zama roses, noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zitholakala njalo ngonyaka, ngakho ngeke kumangaze uma ziqhubeka zanda kakhulu. Lokhu kwehluka kuwumphumela wokuxutshwa okwenzeke phakathi kohlobo oluthile nolunye.
Ama-tulips
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tulipa, lolu hlobo lwesitshalo luhlukaniswa phakathi kwezitshalo zohlobo lwe-bulbous olungapheli. Njengamanje, kukholakala ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150 ezihlukene zalezi zimbali, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuxutshwa kwalesi sitshalo nakho kuyabusa, ngakho-ke, maduze nje, sizoba nezinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zama-tulips.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zitshalo azifinyeleli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-50 ukuphakama, izimbali zazo zihlale zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuma kwazo nemibala egqamile. Imbali ngayinye inamacembe ayisi-6 amahle kakhulu, imibala, ubujamo kanye nobukhulu balezi zimbali zingahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo esisiqaphelayo.
Ngenxa yobuhle bazo bemvelo, lezi zimbali zibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke, zingatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezingadi nezitshalo.
Ubhekilanga
Ubhekilanga, owaziwa nangegama elithi Helianthus annus, ungesinye sezitshalo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuthandwa kwalezi zitshalo ikakhulukazi izimbali zazo, kubangelwa ukuthi zinamandla okuziqondisa ngendlela yokuthi zihlale zibheka lapho ilanga lihamba khona, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngale ndlela, isitshalo singakwazi. thola ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka emini.
Okuthile okuphawuleka ngalezi zimbali ukuthi, nakuba kubonakala kuyimbali enkulu, iqiniso liwukuthi yenziwe ngezinye izimbali ezincane ezinama-tuberous ezakha ngendlela esizibona ngayo.
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo luvame ukukhula ngokushesha, lungafinyelela kumamitha ama-2 ukuphakama. Okuthile okungajwayelekile kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo, kodwa lokho ngokungangabazeki kubenza babe bahle kakhulu, bahlaba umxhwele futhi bakhethekile.
Ama-orchids
Lezi zimbali sezidume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobuhle bazo obungapheli nezici ezihlukahlukene lezi zimbali ezinazo, njengoba zenza lezi zimbali zihluke futhi zibukeke. Ama-orchid angatholakala cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni, nokho, isimo sezulu esithandwayo nalapho ekhula khona kalula kungaba sezindaweni ezishisayo.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zalezi zimbali, empeleni, ama-orchid abhekwa njengezitshalo ezinezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ngokuphepha ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zalezi zimbali ezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ziyakwazi ukukhula ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwezindlu, ngakho-ke zingabhekwa njengezitshalo zangaphandle noma zasendlini.
Nokho, okuthile okumelwe sikukhumbule ukuthi kukhona ama- orchid okulula ukuwakhulisa nokuwanakekela kunamanye, njengoba kunezimo eziningi lapho ukukhulisa nokugcina lezi zitshalo ziphila kudinga umzamo omkhulu futhi anezinga eliphakeme kancane lobunkimbinkimbi kunelo. ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali. Kungenxa yalezi zizathu ukuthi, okwamanje, izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo zinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezentengiselwano, ngoba ukulinywa kwaso kuzodinga umzamo omkhulu kakhulu kunezinye izitshalo ezinezidingo ezincane.
AmaDaisy
Ama-Daisies abhekwa njengezitshalo ezingapheli, avela eYurophu nasengxenyeni ye-Afrika. Ngokuvamile, lezi yizimbali ezisetshenziselwa kabanzi ukwenza imihlobiso yezimbali, ngaphezu kwalokho, izesekeli eziningi zenziwe ngokusekelwe ezimbali zalesi sitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-margaritas nawo athandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wokupheka, ngoba ukholelwa noma cha, ayadliwa.
Lezi zinhlobo zezimbali ziphakathi kwalezo ezingakwazi ukumelana nokugunda ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngakho-ke, zingabonakala ezindaweni eziningi zezingadi zendawo, ikakhulukazi ezihlakazekile phakathi kwezinye izindawo zotshani bendawo.
Ziyizimbali ezithi ngaphezu kobuhle bazo, futhi zisebenza njengokudla, futhi zinezakhiwo zokwelapha, zingaba yi-diuretic, ukuphulukisa, i-expectorant nezinye izakhiwo.
I-Begonias
Lezi zitshalo zinenani elimangalisayo lezinhlobo ezingu-1.500 150, ezingaba ngu-XNUMX zazo ezingatholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke, njengoba izimbali zalezi zitshalo zibhekwa njengezinye ezidume kakhulu ekutshaleni izingadi nanjengezimbali zokuhlobisa.
Izimbali ze-Begonia zihlaba umxhwele ikakhulukazi futhi zinobuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa, zinemibala ehlukahlukene eyingqayizivele eheha ukunaka kwanoma yimuphi umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngokusho kolimi lwezimbali, labo abanikeza isixha se-begonias bazobe benikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bemizwa yabo yothando kumuntu obamukelayo, yingakho bebhekwa njengophawu lothando kwezinye amasiko omhlaba.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali ezaziwayo
| ULily | Azalea |
| Dalia | IHydrangea |
| Umnduze ophuzi | I-Hibiscus |
| I-Bougainvillea | I-Verbena |
| IGeranium | Umhlobiso |
| Canna | I-Narciso |
| I-cherry blossom | Imbali yeLotus |
| Injabulo | UPetunia |
| I-Lavender | I-Chrysanthemum |
| UJasmine | ICyclamen |
| izimbali ze-cacti | butterfly plant |
| Kalanchoe | I-African violet |
| imbali yehansi | abanturiums |
| URose we-alexandria | I-Calibrachoa |
| I-Canna Indica | Iris yamaJalimane |
