I-Los izinhlobo zokukhubazeka bahluke ngokulinganiselwa ezimweni zengqondo nezomzimba, kulesi sihloko sizochaza ngamunye wabo, ungaphuthelwa.
Izinhlobo zokukhubazeka
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukucacisa izinhlobo zokukhubazeka, kubalulekile ukucacisa futhi wazi ukuthi lesi simo sisho ukuthini kubantu. Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi ukwazi yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ezikhona kubalulekile ukukusungula njengesimo esikhawulelayo esithinta abantu. Yisimo lapho abanye abantu beveza ukuntula ngokomzimba, ubuhlakani noma izinzwa.
Lolu hlobo lwesimo luthinta izinga lempilo esikhathini eside, lukhawulela ukuxhumana komphakathi. Lokhu kwenze abathwali abanale nkinga bacele imithetho kuziphathimandla, lapho bengathola khona uhlobo oluthile lwezinzuzo ezinhlelweni zomphakathi futhi bafinyelele amalungelo akhethekile.
Ukukhubazeka kuhlotshaniswa negama elithi ukukhubazeka, elimele uhlobo lokulinganiselwa ngokomzimba okunciphisa izenzo ezivamile zabanye abantu. Umzamo uyenziwa ukuxhuma, ukufaneleka kanye nokuhlukanisa abakhubazekile ngokohlobo lwabo. Esihlokweni i-amotivational syndrome uzokwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili.
Ngendlela yokuthi izinkinga azifani, lokhu kusivumela ukuba sicabangele ukuthi sibheka ukubaluleka endleleni yalesi sihloko, efuna ukukhombisa ngempela ukuthi yiziphi izici ezikubantu abanalesi simo. kodwa ake sibone yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhubazeka
isikhathi somthetho
Ngo-2006, i-UN yagunyaza, ngeSivumelwano Samalungelo Abantu Abakhubazekile, ukuthi ichaze lolu hlobo lwesimo, ilunikeze umbandela ojwayelekile. Kulokhu, abantu abanemikhawulo efana nokungaboni, ukungezwa, nezinkinga zokuzwa ezithinta ukunyakaza kwe-psychomotor bayabandlululwa.
Lo mhlangano unxuse wonke amazwe omhlaba ukuthi enze ukuqaliswa kwemithetho, lapho kungamiswa khona izimo ezikhethekile zalezi zakhamuzi. Lezi zinyathelo zifuna ukugwema ukucwasa., izingxabano nokuhlukaniswa emphakathini, ngokufanayo ukukhubazeka kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene.
Ukuze abantu nge izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ngokomzimba, Unamalungelo afanayo nezakhamuzi ezivamile. Ngaphandle kwesizathu abantu abakhubazekile kufanele bahlaliswe ngabodwa, basuswe ezindaweni zabo noma baphathwe ngaphansi kwaso. Ukwazi isimo ngasinye ngokuzimela kuzosiza abantu abaningi ukuthi bazi nokuthi bangathola kanjani ukwelashwa okuwusizo nokwezenhlalo nabo. Ake sibheke ngezansi ukuthi ziyini lezo zinhlobo zokukhubazeka.
Ukuhlola
Ngokwezokwelapha yisimo lapho umuntu egcina ukushoda ngokwengxenye noma okuphelele ekuboneni imisindo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kubangelwa izimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kunezindlela eziningana lapho ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuzibonakalisa khona.
Kulesi simo kukhona abantu abanokuxilongwa kokungezwa, okuchazwa njengokungabikho kokuqonda okuzwakalayo, lapho ukulinganiselwa okuyingxenye kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiguli singase sibe nohlobo oluthile lokuthuthukiswa, uma ukwelashwa okuzinzile kuthathwa .
Ezinye iziguli zelashwa ngokwelashwa kwenkulumo nokubekwa kwemishini ekhethekile, njengoba uhlelo lokuzwa alulimele ngokuphelele. Kukhona ezinye izingxenye ezingagqugquzelwa futhi zisetshenziswe njengendlela yokuphinda ukuzwa noma ingxenye yakho.
Amakhono okuzwa angancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunezici ezibangela lokhu kungaqondakali. Nokho lezi izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kwezinzwa bagcina izici ezithile ezinquma ukwelashwa kwabo, bangakwazi ngisho nokwenza ukuthi abantu bazifake emphakathini.
Imidiya
Olunye olusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ulimi lwezandla. Iqukethe ukwakheka kwamakhodi ohlelo lapho abantu befunda ukuxhumana ngokuthinta ngezandla nangobuso. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungukushukuma komzimba okungahlelekile, nokho ukunyakaza ngakunye kufundwa yilaba bantu, ukuze benze noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo.
Ulimi lwezandla alufani kuwo wonke amazwe, yilelo nalelo linendlela yokuwakhombisa, anezici ezihlukene zamasiko kanye nezingajwayelekile. Izandla nokushukuma komzimba kuvumela ukusungula ukuxhumana okuyingqayizivele okuqondakala kuphela izithulu noma izithulu kalula.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza-kuzwa ezikhethekile; Lapha, ochwepheshe be-otorhinolaryngology bafaka uhlobo lwethuluzi endlebeni yangaphandle ukuze bavuse imizwa ethile nezicubu ezithambile ezingazange zilimale ukukhula kwezindlebe noma olunye uhlobo lokungezwa.
Kuyizincomo ezinhle ukuhlola izinga lokuzwa kwezingane kancane kancane ukuze ugweme ukulimala okungenzeka njengoba ukuphila kwazo kuqhubeka. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukungezwani kokuzwa kuvela ezinkingeni zofuzo, zofuzo, zokuzalwa noma ezinye.
i-symptomatology
I-symptomatology yezinhlobo zokukhubazeka kokuzwa isivumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi hlobo luni lokulahlekelwa okwenzeka esigulini. Kuyancomeka ukwazi ukuthi emndenini noma abazali balowo muntu bake baba nesiguli esinenkinga yokungezwa. Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lukhona yini uhlobo lwe-genetic anomaly futhi ukwazi ukubhekana nenkinga kusenesikhathi.
Ngandlela-thile, izimo zokuzalwa zinqunywa nokuthi isiguli ekukhulelweni kwakhe, umama wayenohlobo oluthile lwesifo njenge-rubella noma isimungumungwane. Futhi uma kunezinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha, noma kube nezinkinga zokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuzalwa okuphoqelelwe, lapho ingane ngaphambi kokuzalwa ingase iveze izinkinga ze-oxygenation.
Kubalulekile ukusho uhlobo lokukhubazeka kokuzwa njengenkinga engakhawuleli izimo zobuhlakani, futhi akuhambisane nokudida okuthile okungadala olunye uhlobo lokukhubazeka. Sikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko I-Intrapersonal intelligence lapho izimo zobuhlakani ezihlobene nalesi sihloko zigqama khona.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ubuthulu buqala kusukela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, abazali kufanele baqaphele imisebenzi eyenziwa nezingane zabo esikoleni nasekhaya. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi umuntu angathola inkinga yokungezwa ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngaleso sikhathi kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi lesi sifo sishintsha noma sihlala sizinzile. Isici esinqumayo singase sibe izinkinga zenkulumo, inkulumo ukubambezeleka kanye nokungachazwa kahle kwamagama. Nakuba abanye odokotela bezinzwa bengase bathi kungenxa yezinkinga zobuchopho.
Kodwa-ke, ulimi luyindlela enhle yokusungula ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili, okungachaza ukuthi ingabe ingane inezinkinga zokuzwa ngempela. Xhumana nodokotela wezingane omethembayo othi, ngokuhlolwa okuhle komtholampilo, anqume ukuthi lukhona yini uhlobo lwenkinga yokuzwa.
Kubantu abadala, yisimo esitholakala ku-60% wamacala. Okungukuthi, abadala ngandlela-thile bazoqala ukuhlushwa izinkinga zokungezwa. Ungakushalazeli ukuqaphela kubantu abadala nakwabadala, ngisho nakuwe, uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuncipha kwekhono lokuzwa.
Visual
Lesi simo kwezinye izimo esibizwa ngokuthi ubumpumputhe sifana kakhulu nokuxilonga iziguli ezinezinkinga zokuzwa. Ubumpumputhe buyenzeka lapho isiguli siqala ukubhekana nobunzima bokubona ngokucacile izinto nezinto ezisizungezile. Odokotela bamehlo bahlola lezi ziguli ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Kungase kube khona ubumpumputhe obuncane nobuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkinga zombono zingenzeka ngenxa yezimbangela ezingaqondile kanye nokungahambi kahle, okukhiqizwa ezinye izifo noma ama-pathologies azalwa nawo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kucutshungulwa uhlobo lwe-acuity yokulingisa okubukwayo.
Emhlabeni jikelele izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kokubona ziye zanda eminyakeni yamuva, Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yohlobo lwempilo abantu abayiphilayo. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside ubuka isikrini sekhompyutha, kanye nokudla okungenamsoco kanye noshukela. Kuholela ekubeni khona kwezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela.
Lesi sifo kwezinye izimo futhi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kubangela ubumpumputhe ngokuphelele ezigulini ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Kubalulekile ukulawula amazinga kashukela emzimbeni futhi unciphise ukudla okuthile okugayiwe.
Ukukhubazeka kokubona kunqunywa ngokuya ngomkhakha womuntu wokubuka. Okusho ukuthi, lapho umuntu egcina indawo ethile ebonakalayo, ingabhekwa njengemfushane noma yinde. Kubuye kunqunywe ikhono leso lokubona izinto ezithile.
i-symptomatology
Izinkinga zingenzeka kunoma ibuphi ubudala, ubumpumputhe ngokwesibonelo kuyinkinga enganquma isilinganiso esiphelele noma ingxenye yokubona kanye nemikhawulo yokuchaza izinto nezinto. Phakathi kwezimbangela zako kungase kube nezinkinga ekuzalweni ngenxa yezimo zofuzo.
Futhi ezinkingeni ngesikhathi nangemva kokubeletha, lapho ukuziphatha okubukwayo kwezingane kufanele kubhekwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ukuvakashela ukubonisana kwezingane kubalulekile ekugcineni, uchwepheshe uzokwazi ukunquma ukuthi kukhona yini uhlobo lwenkinga.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuxilongwa, ubumpumputhe nezinye izinkinga ezibukwayo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila komuntu kufanele zilashwe ngokushesha yi-ophthalmologist. Ukulahlekelwa umbono kancane kancane kungakhula kuze kube yinkinga lapho ubumpumputhe bufinyelele iphuzu elingapheli.
Endabeni yabantu abadala, kubalulekile ukucabangela i-presbyopia njengenkinga eqala ukubonakala ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Nakuba kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokulungiswa kwayo, abantu abaningi bavame ukusebenzisa ama-lens okulungisa angagcini imisebenzi yabo.
Lolu hlobo lokuxilonga alubhekwa njengohlobo lokukhubazeka kodwa lubhekwa njenge-anomaly evamile. Ngokuphathelene nabantu asebekhulile, kuyisimo esivamile kakhulu ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka engu-60 noma engu-70, ukulahlekelwa okubonakalayo okuphawulekayo kuqala ukubonwa.
Ukulinganiselwa
Ukulinganiselwa kwenzeka lapho isiguli singakwazi neze ukuba nekhwalithi yokubona, ukushiyeka kwabo kuvezwa ngokungakwazi ukubona cishe noma yini, okungathathwa njengokungaboni ngokuphelele. Kulezi zimo, iziguli zibhekwa njengezikhubazekile, kakade zinemikhawulo enzima futhi kufanele zifunde ukuphila impilo ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana okubonakalayo.
Ngakho-ke bathuthukisa ezinye izinzwa ukuze bafune ukuhlangana kwabo, izifo zokuzalwa noma zokuzalwa eziholela ebumpumputheni i-cataract, i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy kanye nezimo zobumpumputhe bezingane kanye ne-trachoma. Nakuba kuhlale kubalulekile ukubheka ukuziphatha okubukwayo kwezingane.
Izixazululo
Ukulinganiselwa kobumpumputhe obungapheli kuye kwaholela ekusungulweni kohlelo lokufunda lweBraille eminyakeni embalwa edlule, olwakhiwa ngo-1822 usosayensi ongumFulentshi uLouis Braille, okwathi, ecabanga ngezihlobo ezaziphethwe ubumpumputhe, wakha isimiso sokuqhuma okuncane okunezimo ze-Braille. amaphuzu, ukunquma izinhlamvu nezinombolo.
Lolu hlelo luqukethe amaphuzu aqoqwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene lapho abantu bengafunda khona ngendlela evamile ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele. Amaphuzu avumela ukunikeza incazelo yencwadi kanye nokusungula ikhodi lapho ukufundwa kukhula ngendlela evamile.
Namuhla lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kwezinye izikhungo nasezindaweni ezithile lapho abantu abanenkinga yokubona beqhubeka nokusebenzisa lolu hlelo. Endabeni yokufunda, isistimu ishintshile futhi kusetshenziswa isistimu yamaphuzu esekelwe ku-Braille ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphrinta Okukhulu".
Enye indlela abantu abayizimpumputhe abasebenzisa ngayo ukuze bakwazi ukunyakaza ngokusebenzisa izinduku. Zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, zingama-artifacts we-blind par excellence. Kukhona amapulastiki esintu noma amapulangwe lapho umuntu ekwazi ukuzwa izindawo azohamba kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezigxobo ezigoqayo ezisebenza ukunamathela isandla sakho ukuze singawi.
Lezi zakhi zisiza izimpumputhe futhi zibavumele ukuba bagweme izinto nezinto okungenzeka zisendleleni yabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinduku ezinezinzwa ezibonisa umuntu uma kukhona into eduze noma okuthile okungaphazamisa ukunyakaza kwazo. Okunye okungenziwa wumoba kubuye kupheleliswe ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinja eziqondisayo. Ziyizilwane eziqeqeshelwe ukuqondisa nokusiza abantu abayizimpumputhe.
Mayelana nemithethonqubo kanye nomthetho, ezweni ngalinye emhlabeni kunemithethonqubo ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yezimpumputhe, kuyimpoqo futhi nasezifundeni ezithile kuyakhuthazwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinduku ze-fluorescent, umqondo uwukuhlonza izinhlobo ze-fluorescent. ukukhubazeka kuleli cala abayizimpumputhe.
Ngokufanayo, kucatshangelwa okuhlukile lapho izimpumputhe zingangena nezinja eziqondisayo ezindaweni lapho ukuvinjelwa kwazo kucatshangelwa khona. Imithethonqubo isungula ukusetshenziswa kwe-mask enja ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga nabanye abantu.
ubuchwepheshe kwabangaboni
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ithatha izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ngenxa yobumpumputhe ziye emazingeni okunciphisa imikhawulo yabo. Namuhla, izinto zobuchwepheshe zenziwe zatholakala ezakhamuzini eziningi ezibangela uguquko emkhakheni wezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuxhumana.
Njengesibonelo singakhomba uhlelo lwezinhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Jaws, okuyi-software evumela abantu abangaboni ukuthi basebenzise ama-processor. Isistimu yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe inekhibhodi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi isistimu yendawo yonke egqamisa izici ezithile futhi ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi azi indawo yezinhlamvu futhi enze izinqubo ezithile zekhompyutha.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe budala namalensi axhunywe eziteshini ezithile zemizwa, lapho isiguli singathola khona izithombe ezithile kulezo ezidluliselwa yisibukeli. Nakuba ingakafinyeleli ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele nokuphelele, inqubekelaphambili isiqalile ukuqashelwa eminyakeni yamuva.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaselula anezinhlelo zokuklama kwendawo yonke kuvumela abakhubazekile ukuthi basebenzise imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamathoni nemiyalo yezwi. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukukhohlisa idivayisi esebenzisa izwi lakhe nokuthinta, lokhu kumvumela ukuthi ahlale ekuxhumaneni futhi akwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamanje.
i-visceral organic
Lolu hlobo lokukhubazeka lucatshangelwa kulabo bantu abanohlobo oluthile lokuntuleka kwezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba wabo. Izinkinga kanye nokungahambi kahle kweziguli kutholakala noma yikuphi nezimo ezikhona zokunciphisa izakhiwo zazo ezingokomzimba ezilingisa kakhulu.
Leli qembu lihlanganisa abantu abanezinkinga eziphakeme zesifo sikashukela, iziguli ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo kanye nabantu abanokukhubazeka kwe-neuronal. Ngokunjalo, akanalo noma yiluphi uhlobo lokugqugquzela njengoba imicabango nemibono yakhe igxile emikhawulweni edalwa yisifo.
Izinkinga ngokuvamile zixhunyaniswa nezifo ezithile ze-pathological ezingenakulungiseka, ngakho-ke kufanele uphile nemikhawulo ebalulekile. Ezinye izifo ezihlobene nalolu hlobo lokukhubazeka zixhunyaniswa nezifo zenhliziyo, zohlobo lwe-immunological kanye nokuphefumula, ezinhlelweni zokugaya kanye ne-endocrine, kanye nalezo zohlobo lwezinzwa.
Lezi ziguli zifanelwe ukuphumula njalo futhi uma zingaphansi kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano noma inkampani kufanele zibe nakho konke ukucatshangelwa kwecala, kuze kube yilapho ukungakwazi kwazo ukusebenza kungacutshungulwa ngokusemthethweni. Nokho, lesi simo asiyiqedi inkinga ngabantu ngokombono wezenhlalo. Kumelwe baqhubeke nempilo yabo bebekezelela ukulinganiselwa okukhiqizwa yilolu hlobo lwesifo, kuze kube yiminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwabo.
Imithetho futhi ibeka izimo ezithile zalezi ziguli, nokho, ukucabangela lolu hlobo lwesiguli kuyindaba kanembeza womphakathi. Zonke ezinye izakhamizi kufanele zivumele ngokuzithandela futhi zibambisane ekufinyeleleni izinsiza, amaphasi okuhlonipha futhi zigweme imigqa ezikhungweni zomphakathi nezamabhange.
ngokwengqondo nangokomqondo
Isimo salolu hlobo lomthamo sihlobene nayo yonke isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, inkinga yokukhubazeka ingavezwa ngezinkinga ze-pathological noma imane ingabi yisifo kodwa i-cranioencephalic anomaly.
Nakuba abanye ochwepheshe bekubiza ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, namuhla lolu hlobo lwenkinga luhlobene ngokuqondile nayo yonke into ehlobene nezimo zobuchopho kanye nokuhlukahluka kwazo. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwasungulwa izimpikiswano ezinkulu lapho amanye ama-paradigms eqhubeka nokuba yizithiyo ezithile.
Emkhakheni wezengqondo, izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ngokwengqondo zisekelwe endleleni abantu abanokulinganiselwa ngayo ukuze benze imisebenzi nezinqubo zemvelo engokwengqondo nengokwengqondo, ehlukile endleleni umuntu olinganiselayo angayenza ngayo.
i-symptomatology
Iziguli ezizichaza ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo zimelela futhi zenze ukuziphatha okuhlobene nokuntula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomphakathi futhi zinikeze izimpendulo ezenzweni. Laba bantu banemikhawulo ekwaneleni komuntu wabo maqondana nemvelo. Mancane amathuba okuthi inkinga ivele ku-100% wengqondo yakho.
Abakhubazekile ngokomqondo abanikezi izimpendulo ezinhle ezenzweni ezihlobene nokwenza izinqumo futhi abacabangi ngamavelu abalulekile kwabanye. Ukufakwa kwalaba bantu emphakathini ngezinye izikhathi kuyakhuphuka futhi kwezinye izimo, abantu abavumelani ngokugcwele.
Imininingwane evumelana nayo ukuthi igcina ukuzimela okuphelele kwezenzo zayo. Nokho, lokhu kubonisa ukuzihlukanisa ngokomzwelo, okubangela inkinga eyengeziwe emalungwini omkhaya okufanele abhekane nayo. Ngokufunda isihloko esilandelayo ukuphathwa kwemizwelo Uzoqonda ukuthi imizwa ilawulwa kanjani.
Izimbangela
Kukholakala ukuthi izinkinga zalolu hlobo zingase zihlobene nokuphazamiseka kofuzo okwakhiwa futhi kwakhiwe ngesikhathi sokwakheka esibelethweni, lezi zimo yizona ezaziwa kakhulu futhi zibizwa nge-Down Syndrome. Ezimweni ezithile bangaveza njengezinkinga zokuzalwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ngemva kokuzalwa.
Izinkinga zokungondleki kahle kanye nokungondleki kahle kukamama, zithanda ukwakheka okungenasisekelo kombungu. Futhi ukuba khona kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-HIV, nezifo ezikhona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa njenge-rubella. Izinkinga zingavela nasekusetshenzisweni kakhulu kotshwala nezidakamizwa.
Izinguquko ezibangelwa ukungahambi kahle ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi noma ukulimala ekhanda kungadala ukudida okuthile ekuziphatheni okuvamile nezinqubo zanoma yimuphi umuntu. Ukubonakala kwezifo ezifana ne-meningitis kanye nokuntuleka komoyampilo wobuchopho kubangela izinkinga ezithile kuma-neurons obuchopho kanye nemigudu yezinzwa.
Ezinye izimbangela zingavela ezicini zangaphandle njengokungondleki ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuntula ukunakwa, udlame lomndeni kanye nokulahlwa njengezinye izindlela zokushintsha ukuziphatha. zingathinta ngokwengqondo izinguquko zezinzwa kamuva eziholela ohlotsheni lokukhubazeka okunzima ukukwelapha.
buyisela emuva
Esinye sezifo zengqondo esingabhekwa njenge-pathological kodwa uma sibonwa njenge-anomaly i-Autism. Inkinga engokwengqondo nengokwengqondo eyenzeka ezinganeni ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Akubhekwa njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo kanjalo, kodwa uhlobo lokuphazamiseka okungakacaciswa.
Ukuzihlukanisa, ukungakwazi ukuqonda izinto nokuzivumelanisa nemisebenzi yomphakathi kunquma izici zalesi sifo njengohlobo lokukhubazeka okufanele lucatshangelwe. I-Autism iphinde ibonakale ngokuba nezinkinga zokuxhumana kanye nendlela ofuna ukuxhumana ngayo nomhlaba wakho.
Ngokuba nabantu abanalolu hlobo lwenkinga, kuba khona ukwethulwa kwezimo ezingavamile ezingabangela ukukhathazeka ngisho nezinkinga ezithile zomkhaya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zibheka ukuthi izimo ezithile ze-Autism zingabangela uhlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungase kube inkinga eyengeziwe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abantu abatholakala bene-autism babengabhekwa njengabakhubazekile. Eminyakeni yamuva futhi ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ngokusho ukuthi ubani WHO babengumbiko ocacisa izizathu zokuthi kungani i-autism kufanele ithathwe njengohlobo lokukhubazeka.
Imoto
Besifuna ukulushiya okokugcina lolu hlobo lokukhubazeka ngoba sithatha ngokuthi lukhona kakhulu kubantu. Kuphinde kudalwa nezinye izifo ezize ziholele ekutheni kube nokukhubazeka kumuntu oyedwa.
I-Los izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kwezimoto nciphisa kakhulu ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo nokujwayelekile kunoma yimuphi umuntu. Kwezinye kungaba ingxenye kanti ezinye ukuphila. Futhi kubangelwa yizizathu ezehlukene zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
Azihlukaniswa ngoba ziyifa, nakuba kunezifo ezinganeni lapho, ngokungasebenzisi umgomo othile, zingaholela ekubonakalisweni okuphawulekayo kwenkinga yemoto. Imiphumela ihlukile, ikhiqiza ukunyakaza okungalawuleki emzimbeni, ubunzima bokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza, ukungaboni kahle nokuzwa ububanzi, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana, phakathi kwezinye izinkinga.
Kubangelwa yini?
Uma sibuyekeza izinkinga zangaphakathi, okungukuthi, ezibangelwa izifo ze-pathological noma ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka okuthile kobuchopho nezinzwa, sinezo zohlobo oluthathelwanayo. Phakathi kwabo i-poliomyelitis, uhlobo lwegciwane, phakathi kwabo kukhona i-Guillan Barré Syndrome, izifo ze-rheumatic nezinzwa ezifana ne-stroke (ingozi ye-cerebrovascular) nesifo samathambo.
Futhi i-arteriovenous malformation entanjeni yomgogodla noma ebuchosheni, i-cerebral palsy, i-multiple sclerosis, i-myelomeningocele phakathi kwabanye. Uhlobo lwangaphandle olubangelwa izingozi nokulimala kwekhanda kanye ne-spina bifida, kanye nokubhujiswa nokuphuka okungenakuhlehliswa kwemisipha namathambo emilenzeni nasezandleni.
Izingozi zomsebenzi ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela ukukhubazeka kwezimoto, izingozi zomgwaqo noma ukuwa nje okuyingozi lapho umgogodla ulimale khona, kushiye imilenze nomzimba kusesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi ngokuphelele. Ukukhubazeka kwezimoto kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- I-Paresthesias, lapho ukwehla kolunye uhlobo lwamandla emisipha kubonakaliswa, ukuvimbela ukunyakaza nokukhubazeka ngokuphelele.
- I-Plegias, efana ne-paresthesia kodwa ngokulimala kwemisipha noma imizwa, ilahlekelwa ukunyakaza nokunwebeka. I-Plegias izibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningana: i-monoplegia uma ithinta isitho esisodwa noma ilunga, i-hemiplegia ithinta ingxenye eyodwa yomzimba, noma kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele, i-diplegia ithinta izitho ezimbili noma izingxenye zomzimba kanye ne-quadriplegia lapho izitho ezine ezingaphezulu zikhubazekile. ngaphansi.
Izici
Umuntu onenkinga yokukhubazeka kwezimoto unezinkinga ezinkulu zokuhamba, ikakhulukazi ekhaya lakhe noma lapho efuna ukuyokwenza umsebenzi othile. Kuphakama ubunzima lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi, emigwaqweni, ugibela itekisi noma ibhasi, udlula okhaphethi, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Amahhovisi eMeya ehlukene kanye nohulumeni bomasipala basungula imithethonqubo nezimiso lapho izinsiza zomphakathi kufanele zizimisele ukusebenzisa izinyathelo lapho izinhlaka nezakhiwo, izithuthi zomphakathi kanye nazo zonke lezi ezihlobene namafomu avimbela abakhubazekile ukuba bahlangane.
Zilungisele ukuthuthuka nokusebenza okungcono kwabantu abanalezi zinkinga. Emazweni amaningi sibona indlela izithuthi zomphakathi ezilungisa ngayo izimo ezithile ukuze abakhubazekile bakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Ngokunjalo, izinyathelo zokuphepha nolwazi zasetshenziswa ukuze izakhamizi ngokwazo zisize ukuhlanganisa laba bantu.
Inani elikhulu labantu kufanele lisebenzise izinto ezisetshenziswayo njengezihlalo zabakhubazekile ze-ergonomic nezihambi ukuze zikwazi ukuhambahamba. Abanye banokukhubazeka ingxenye kanti abanye abakwazi ukuhlehliswa noma bephelele.
Ezingeni labasebenzi, kunemithethonqubo nemithetho ethethelela ukuthethelelwa kokukhubazeka kwakho phambi kwenkampani noma inhlangano. Laba bantu, kuye ngesimo sabo sezempilo, bangaphumula isikhathi esithile noma bamane basebenzise izinqubo ukuze bangaphinde basebenze kulezo zindawo.
Wonke umuntu emhlabeni unabantu abahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka eduze kwethu. Isincomo sethu wukusiza nokwenza laba bantu baphile impilo ejwayelekile ngokuphelele. Kungumsebenzi wabo bonke ukunikeza ukubambisana okukhulu kakhulu mayelana nalokhu.
Engqondweni yomuntu ngamunye okhubazekile kunemicabango eqinile kakhulu ehlobene nemikhawulo abethulayo, kufanele icatshangelwe kodwa ingalinyazwa.