Imfucuza imele inhlekelele enkulu emhlabeni wonke futhi lokhu kungenxa yokunqwabelana kwayo, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo kanye nomthelela wayo emvelweni. Njengamanje kunenqwaba yemfucumfucu eye yawohloka imvelo yethu futhi ibangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu kukhona amasu ayisisekelo okunciphisa lo mthelela futhi wonke aqala ngokuhlukanisa udoti ekhaya, esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda mayelana nezinyathelo ezahlukene. izinyathelo zemvelo ezithathwe umuntu zokulawula imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-inorganic.
Ukuhlukaniswa kukadoti
Umuntu ubelokhu ebonakala ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakhe okuqhubekayo, ukuyisa umphakathi emazingeni amasha okusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo zezinsiza ezitholakala endalweni, ekhiqiza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo esetshenziswa nsuku zonke njengomakhalekhukhwini, amabhulashi, izindwangu, amatafula. , phakathi abanye, begqamisa ngayinye ngesikhathi sokuphila esiwusizo ngokohlobo lwempahla eyenziwe ngayo kanye nokuba usizo kwayo emphakathini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma sebeqedile leso sikhathi baba yimfucuza noma imfucumfucu ethinta kakhulu iplanethi.
Lezi zimfucumfucu ziwuhlobo lwezinto ezingafuneki nezingenamsebenzi, ezivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi udoti, leli gama livela kwelesiLatini. inguqulo okubhekisela esenzweni sokushanela; Ngokuya ohlotsheni lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwazo, zihlukaniswa futhi zithathwe njengemfucuza engasenalo uhlobo lwensiza futhi ilahliwe.
Udoti ukhiqizwa ngokuqondile ngabantu, kuwumphumela oqondile wenani elikhulu lemisebenzi eyenziwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto, ukudla, izihloko kanye nomunye umkhiqizo ohlobene nokusetshenziswa komphakathi. Iphathelene nezinto ezingasenakusetshenziswa noma usizo, kanye nalezo eziqede umjikelezo wempilo yazo futhi esikhundleni sazo kufakwe inguqulo ethuthukisiwe noma omunye umkhiqizo.
Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngabantu yenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ngokuqondile (ukudla, iziphuzo, phakathi kokunye) noma ngokungaqondile (ifenisha, izitsha, phakathi kwabanye). Ngayinye yalezi zimpahla inesinye isici esaziwa ngokuthi yiziqukathi noma ama-wrappers azo, lapho kubukwa khona isethulo noma inkampani enesibopho sokuyilungisa, lolu hlobo lwempahla lunomsebenzi wokuvikela umkhiqizo kodwa uma lusetshenziswa usuku nosuku luyalahlwa, izibonelo ezijwayelekile kakhulu izikhwama, amabhokisi, amathini, ama-wrappers, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo kanye nokwanda kwenani labantu kuye kwabangela ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza ezindaweni ezivunyelwe yona, njengezindawo zokulahla udoti noma izindawo zokulahla imfucuza, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo ezifana nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, izindawo eziluhlaza, phakathi kokunye. Njengamanje, sekusungulwe izindlela zokulahla imfucuza engasetshenziswa futhi efanele ukuphathwa ngamasu okugaywa kabusha, ngokubambisana nokwehliswa kwezinkinga zempilo nezemvelo.
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza ukuze kubonakale ukuthi yikuphi okungagaywa kabusha, njengasekhaya, ezohwebo, isibhedlela, umsebenzi wezimboni noma wokwakha. Ngale ndlela, nciphisa inani lemfucuza, unciphise umthelela wemvelo futhi welule impilo yayo yonke imikhiqizo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza kuvumela ukusungula ukwelashwa okuzotholwa yimfucuza ngayinye, kungaba ukuqedwa, ukugaywa kabusha, phakathi kokunye, ngenxa yalokhu, izici ezifana ne-biodegradation yayo, ubuthi bomthelela emvelweni kufanele bucatshangelwe. Futhi kucatshangelwa umjikelezo kadoti ukuze ulawulwe ngendlela efanele.
Ukubaluleka Kokuhlukanisa Udoti
Ukunqwabelana kukadoti kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile, ukuwohloka kwemvelo, ukucekela phansi imvelo nokudanga ukusabalala kwezifo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimiso eziyisisekelo zasungulwa ukuze kuncishiswe la mathonya futhi kuqale ngokuhlukaniswa okufanele kukadoti ngokuya ngemithombo yomthombo ovela kuyo.Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokwenza lesi senzo.Ngezansi sizogqamisa ezinye:
- Gwema ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi
Umhlaba wakhiwe ngamanzi angama-70%, asatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene njengolwandle, ulwandle, izixhobo, imifula, amachweba, iziphethu, phakathi kokunye, limele isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kokuphila emhlabeni, njengamanje yemithombo eyinhloko yokunqwabelana kukadoti emanzini, asatshalaliswa kalula emikhakheni ehlukene yeplanethi yomhlaba futhi ethinta kokubili imvelo yemvelo kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni eziseduze.
- Yehlisa ukukhishwa kwemithombo yemvelo
Imithombo yemvelo imelela izinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngumuntu ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo edliwe ngumphakathi, ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kukadoti kuvumela ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwemfucuza, ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokulawulwa kwezinsiza ezikhishiwe.
- Ivimbela izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ukuthi zingawi
Ukuba khona kwemfucuza emphakathini wethu akunakugwenywa, ngenxa yalokhu kuye kwasungulwa izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ezinqwabelanisa futhi zisuse inani elithile kuze kube yilapho lifakwa, okwamanje kukhona ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, okuthinta ngisho nalezo ezisetshenziswayo, ngokuhlukaniswa. kadoti kungenziwa ihlelwa ezinye imfucuza for ezinye ukusetshenziswa noma ezinye izindawo ukunqwabelana.
- Dala imisebenzi emisha
Ukugaywa kabusha kuyindlela eyinhloko yokulawula udoti Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkampani ezeseka lesi sizathu seziqalile futhi zandise izindawo zazo zokusebenza ukuze zisebenzisane nayo, zikhiqizela abantu imithombo emisha yokuqashwa.
- Imikhiqizo egaywe kabusha ingasetshenziswa kabusha noma idale imikhiqizo emisha
Umgomo wama-R amathathu ukunciphisa, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha; konke lokhu ngenhloso yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo emisha kuleyo ethathwa njengemfucuza, ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza endaweni.
Amathiphu Wokuhlukanisa Udoti Ekhaya
Ukugaywa kabusha kuqukethe inqubo lapho zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke njengephepha, ingilazi, i-aluminium, ipulasitiki, amakhadibhodi, phakathi kokunye; ekupheleni komjikelezo wempilo ewusizo zingaguqulwa futhi zibe omunye umkhiqizo. Ingenye yezimiso zemvelo enomthelela omkhulu kakhulu emphakathini, emele umnyakazo omusha wokongiwa kwemvelo. Kuwumkhuba ongenziwa emakhaya, emahhovisi, ezindaweni zomphakathi, phakathi kokunye.
Enye yezinhloso zayo eziyinhloko ulwazi lwendlela yokuhlukanisa udoti ekhaya, nazi izindlela eziyisisekelo:
- Iziqukathi ekhaya
Sebenzisa izitsha ezigaywa kabusha ezitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zekhaya, zingaba amabhakede amancane akhonjwe ngohlobo lwempahla eluhlaza lapho udoti ufakwa khona bese uyahlukaniswa, uma esegcwele angadluliselwa kulawo mabhokisi atholakala edolobheni.
- amalebula esitsheni
Kuyimpoqo ukuthi iziqukathi zihlonzwe negama lemfucuza ezofakwa noma kufakwe imibala ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka.
- Imibala Yomgqomo Wokugaywa Kabusha Kabusha Kabanzi
Imibala esetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kweziqukathi zemfucumfucu imelela ukuhlonza kwendawo yonke ngokuya ngohlobo lwemfucuza, njengempunga (imfucuza ngokuvamile), i-orange (organic), eluhlaza (iziqukathi zengilazi), ophuzi (iziqukathi zepulasitiki nezensimbi) , eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ( iphepha) nokubomvu (imfucuza ethathelwanayo noma yasesibhedlela).
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokungcola
Imfucuza ihlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwemfucuza kanye nezinto ezivela kuyo, lapho umphakathi wemvelo unikeze umbala, ukwelashwa kanye nezenzo okufanele zilandelwe kuye ngecala, ngezansi siyazi ukuthi singayihlukanisa kanjani imfucuza ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo:
Ukupakishwa kanye Nepulasitiki (Isitsha Esiphuzi)
Iqukethe lezo zitsha ezenziwe nge-aluminium njengamathini, ama-aerosols, phakathi kokunye. Iphinde ihlanganise lawo mathileyi e-Styrofoam, yilawo asetshenziselwa ukudla, ngaphezu kwamabhodlela epulasitiki nojeke osetshenziselwa iziphuzo. Zigcinwa ezitsheni eziphuzi, lolu hlobo lwesiqukathi lugcina yonke into ehlobene neziqukathi zepulasitiki, okungcono kufanele zihlanzeke. Iziqukathi zepulasitiki zimelela u-11% kanye no-12% wayo yonke imfucuza eziyikhiqizayo emphakathini, njengoba ziyimikhiqizo ebonakala kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Ingilazi (Isitsha Esiluhlaza)
I-Glass iwuhlobo lwempahla ebuye isetshenziswe ngobuhle obusezingeni eliphezulu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula umehluko ngengilazi eyikristalu (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ingilazi), lena yakamuva imele uhlobo lwengilazi yeqophelo eliphezulu kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa kanye nejwayelekile. , lokhu Lokhu kungenxa yezinga layo eliphakeme lokuncibilika ngakho-ke kudinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile. Amakristalu awakwazi ukufakwa ezitsheni eziluhlaza kodwa ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zedolobha. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngengilazi inezivalo noma izigqoko, izivalo kufanele zisuswe futhi zilahlwe kwesinye isitsha (ipulasitiki noma i-aluminium). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingilazi iwumkhiqizo ongalahlekelwa yizimfanelo zawo futhi isetshenziswe kahle kakhulu.
Iphepha nekhadibhodi (Isitsha Esiluhlaza)
Ukugaywa kabusha kwamakhadibhodi namaphepha kuphathelene no-18% wayo yonke imfucuza ekhiqizwa emphakathini, kufanele kwengezwe ezitsheni eziluhlaza, ngaphambi kokwengezwa ezinye izinto kufanele zisuswe, njengezinto eziyisisekelo noma ama-notebook spirals, ngaphezu kwalokho azikwazi ukungcola nazo. izinto eziphilayo. Kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukugaywa kabusha kwethani elilodwa lephepha konga izihlahla ezimaphakathi eziyi-16, konga amalitha angu-50 300 amanzi kanye namakhilogremu angu-XNUMX kawoyela; ngakho-ke, imele isici esibalulekile sezemvelo ukongiwa kwemvelo.
Imfucuza Yemvelo (Iziqukathi Ezinsundu noma Eziwolintshi)
Imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo yizo zonke lezo zinsalela ezivela ezilwaneni noma zemifino, ezihambisana naleyo mikhiqizo ebola kalula endaweni ezungezile. Isibonelo: ukudla kuhlala okufana nezithelo, amathambo, amaqabunga, phakathi kokunye, nezinsalela zemifino njengamagatsha, izimbali, izimpande, phakathi kwabanye. Zifakwa ezitsheni ezinsundu noma ezisawolintshi, ezisetshenziselwa udoti wemvelo kuphela. Lolu hlobo lwemfucuza luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza umquba noma umanyolo wemvelo ukuze unikeze umsoco emhlabathini.
Izinsalela kanye Nemfucuza (Isitsha Esimpunga)
Ziwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwesiqukathi emphakathini, oluhambisana nalolo olusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile noma idiphozithi yalezo ezingatholakali kwezinye, njengamanabukeni asetshenzisiwe, amanabukeni ahlanzekile, amaphepha asetshenzisiwe, ushingamu, phakathi kokunye, abhekana nawo. izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha .
Ezinye Iziqukathi
Kunezinye izinhlobo zeziqukathi lapho lezo zinto ezingahlangabezani nezimpawu zemfucuza echazwe ngenhla zengezwa, ngakho-ke zifakwa engxenyeni ekhethekile kwezinye izimo ziyiziqukathi ezibomvu, ezichazwe ngezansi:
Izembatho
Kukhona neziqukathi zezingubo ezike zasetshenziswa, imvamisa lezo ezisesimeni esihle futhi okumele zilethwe kubantu abanezinsiza ezilinganiselwe zokuthenga izingubo. Kuwumkhuba obonakala kabanzi emadolobheni amakhulu amazwe, ikakhulukazi kulawo lapho kuhlala khona abantu abathengwe kakhulu izimpahla. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa izingubo ezikhwameni ukuze zihanjiswe kalula, kubhekwa njengesenzo somusa kulabo abadinga kakhulu.
Imithi Ephelelwe yisikhathi
Imithi ingumkhiqizo okhona ezindlini eziningi ezivela kumaphilisi, ama-syrups, ama-infusions, ama-creams, phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphezu kokwaziwa ngokukhumbula izinsiza eziphuthumayo, lapho imithi ephelelwe yisikhathi ishintshwa khona, okubangela inani eliphezulu lokumosha. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukuba ulethwe emakhemisi aseduze, ngokuvamile aqoqwe ukuze enze ukulahlwa okufanele kwawo. Lolu hlobo lukadoti lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-point sigre, yileso sitsha lapho kufakwa khona imithi engeke isetshenziswe; ezindlini zingagcinwa ezikhwameni ezincane noma emabhokisini, ukuze kamuva zidluliselwe kumakhemisi.
Amafutha angcolile
Amafutha amele okuphuma kuwo okusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini kanye nasekhishini, akhona ekudleni, isivikelo sokudla okusemathinini (i-tuna namasardine) kanye nokulungisa ukudla okuthosiwe. Lolu hlobo lwemfucuza kufanele luyiswe ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuqoqa uwoyela, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ludinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze lususwe kahle. Ekhaya, ezinye izinqubo zenziwa ngamafutha asetshenzisiwe, isibonelo ukukhiqizwa kwezinsipho ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, ngenxa yalokhu kunconywa ukuvuselela i-solvent emabhodleleni engilazi angcono futhi ekugcineni amabhodlela asetshenzisiwe kufanele alahlwe amaphuzu abonisiwe.
amaphuzu ahlanzekile
Eminye imikhakha ehlonzwe njengamaphuzu ahlanzekile noma amaphuzu aluhlaza nayo iyaziwa, ibhekana nezindawo ezithile ezingaphandle kwedolobha, lapho enye imfucuza iqoqwa mahhala, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu noma ubungozi obudinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile, isibonelo amafutha kanye ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezingafakwanga ezitsheni ezijwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu azikwazi ukuvunyelwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Kukhona ezinye izinto esiziphatha nsuku zonke ezindlini zethu futhi akufanele zilahlwe ezindaweni ezigaywa kabusha, ezichazwe ngezansi:
Amabhethri namalambu Akhanyayo
Amabhethri namalambu okukhanyisa amathuluzi okuthi, uma esengasenamsebenzi, alahlwe ezitsheni zemfucumfucu, okungcono kakhulu kufanele agcinwe emabhokisini noma emabhokisini amancane ukuze ekugcineni adluliselwe ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zedolobha.
Amadivayisi Kagesi noma Ifenisha
Imishini ye-elekthronikhi nefenisha ihlala ishintsha futhi idingeka kakhulu emphakathini wethu, iqukethe imikhiqizo eyinhloko esetshenziswayo futhi ilahlwa ekupheleni kokusebenza kwayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zilahlwe ezindaweni ezihlanzekile.
Ipulasitiki Esetshenzisiwe
Ipulasitiki iwumkhiqizo onezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-polymeric eziphuma ku-petroleum derivatives, ezinye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu amabhakede opende, amathoyizi noma iziqukathi; Kunconywa ukuthi zidluliselwe ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zedolobha, zihlanganiswe nezikhwama ukuze zihanjiswe endaweni efanele. Lolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ludinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile nokuthambile ukuze kugwenywe umthelela walo endaweni.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: