Ongakaze ezwe Seine emfuleni?, noma i-Seine ngesiFulentshi. Ungumfula ofaneleka kakhulu futhi ophawuleka kakhulu eFrance, hhayi nje ngenxa yomlando wawo, inkambo ethathayo, umnyakazo wezohwebo owukhuthazile kanye nokuheha izivakashi kwawo okukhulu. Sikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko futhi ufunde okwengeziwe ngalo mfula omkhulukazi.
Umlando woMfula iSeine
Umlando we Seine emfuleni, ngesiFulentshi i-Seine, eyayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Sequana, ngokungangabazeki indaba ethakazelisayo kakhulu, ngoba ayihlobene nje nezici ezifanele ezibe nomthelela esisekelweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwabantu abaziwayo ezwenikazi laseYurophu, kodwa futhi kakhulu i-Rio ibone zonke izinhlobo zezenzakalo nezenzakalo ezihlanganisa ikhathalogi yawo wonke amathuba esintu. Kusukela kokuphakeme kakhulu, njengezinhlamvu nobuciko, kuya ezenzakalweni ezingokomlando ezifanele kakhulu ezikhiqize izinguquko endleleni yokuba khona nokucabanga.
Kungashiwo ukuthi uMfula iSeine waziwa nangokuthi iNayile, noma ngokuthi I-Amazon River futhi inhle njengeDanube futhi inokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhulu amaningi kangaka eminyaka, ibe yisandulela sokukhula okuphawulekayo amadolobha afana neParis abe nakho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izakhamuzi zakhona, lapho zibhekisela ku-Ile de la Cité, zamukele isiqubulo esihlobene ne-Seine esiyizungezile, ngokusho ukuthi idolobha lintanta, kodwa lingashoni.
Kodwa uMfula iSeine awugcini nje ngokuwela iParis, idolobha okuye kwaba ugqozi kulo amabhuloho amaningi aphupha awela kuwo, kwabahamba ngezinyawo nasezimotweni. I-Seine igeleza emadolobheni amaningi abalulekile eFrance, njengeTroyes, iMelun neRouen. Kodwa isiphetho seSeine asinakuhlukaniswa nenhloko-dolobha, iParis. Kungashiwo ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okungenakuqedwa phakathi kweParis neSeine. Eqinisweni, kuthiwa iParis ngokwayo yayingeke ibe khona ngaphandle kwayo, ngoba ukuqala kwedolobha lokukhanya kwakungenzeka ngenxa yentambo yokuphepha eyandisa i-Seine ezungeze i-Ile de la Cité.
Ukuzalwa kweParis
UParis wazalelwa kuleso siqhingi, esizungezwe umfula, lapho amakhosi akudala akha khona izinqaba namathempeli awo, ewenza izinqaba ezingenakunqotshwa ngenxa yokuvikelwa kweSeine. Kunenqwaba yezindaba, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezakha umlando woMfula iSeine, futhi ezinikeza ubukhona kanye nemvelo yobunkondlo futhi cishe inoveli. Kuningi osekubhaliwe ngamabhange ayo kanye nezigigaba ezike zaba khona njengenkundla, okungase kushiwo ukuthi esikhathini esithile emlandweni, i-Seine ike yaphila impilo yayo.
Izinganekwane
Enye yezinganekwane ezihlotshaniswa noMfula Seine ukuthi umlotha kaJoan wase-Arc, umfel’ ukholo odumile waseFrance, wahlakazeka eSeine ngemva kokushiswa esiphambanweni ngenxa yokuhlubuka ngo-1431. Isifiso sokugcina sikaNapoleon Bonaparte , esivezwe entandweni yakhe, kwakuwukuthi izinsalela zakhe zokufa zasuswa e-Elba Castle, lapho ahlala khona evalelwe, futhi wangcwatshwa osebeni lweSeine. Yebo, isicelo esinjalo asizange sigcwaliseke.
Kodwa akuzona zonke izinto ezibe zothando noma izenzo zobungane. I-Seine iphinde yabona izenzo zonya, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuthi yiyo eyahlaselwa amaNazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, yalahlekelwa cishe yibo bonke abantu benkolo yobuJuda futhi, muva nje, isibhicongo saseParis, okwenzeka ngo-1961. , ngenkathi i-Prefect of Police ihlasela umbhikisho onokuthula wabantu base-Algeria abahlala kulelo dolobha, abaziwa ngesiteketiso sezinyawo ezimnyama zaseFrance, izisulu zabo zaminza lapho ziphonswa emfuleni zisuka ebhulohweni laseSaint-Michel nakwezinye izindawo enhloko-dolobha. idolobha.
Impi Yezwe Yesibili
Ukubuyela emuva eMpini Yezwe II, uMfula iSeine wawuyi-eksisi eyisisekelo lapho ama-allies ngokumelene neJalimane ayehlose ukuhlasela iFrance. Ngakho-ke yenziwa futhi yabizwa ngokuthi i-Operation Overlord. Ngokwalezi zinhlelo, kuzothatha izinsuku ezingu-90 kuphela ukuthi amadlelandawonye ahlasele iFrance futhi axoshe ibutho laseJalimane, esebenzisa iSeine njengomzila omkhulu wezokuthutha ngo-1944. ehlokomayo, ngoba bafinyelela izinjongo ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa, ngenxa yokundiza kwebutho laseJalimane ngenyanga ka-August walowo nyaka.
Art, Engineering and Architecture
Umfula iSeine awugcinanga nje ngokufeza indima yogqozi lwemisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko nemibhalo, kodwa futhi ube yinselelo kwezesayensi, endabeni esifuna ukuyisho, ikakhulukazi ezobunjiniyela, lapho ochwepheshe bazuza ngonyaka we-1960. ukumisa lokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi i-Le Mascaret, impumelelo eyenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukumisa amagagasi namagagasi e-Seine, ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihlakaniphile eziqanjiwe zokudonsa amanzi.
Ngeke sikuzibe iqiniso lokuthi umfula iSeine uphinde waba umthombo omkhulu wogqozi lwezakhiwo. Amatshe ayigugu akhiwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka emabhange ayo ayinikeze umlingiswa ngamunye, futhi ingqopha-mlando yangempela emlandweni yenzeka lapho.
Izibonelo zezakhiwo eziyizifanekiselo ezise-Seine i-Eiffel Tower, isithonjana saseParis esakhiwa ngo-1889 ukuze kube nombukiso womhlaba wonke, iLuvre Museum, i-Place de la Concorde, iGrand and Petit Palais, i-Arc de Triomphe, imigwaqo yaseHaussmann, Imayini nje. amamodeli ambalwa obuningi bamatshe ayigugu ezakhiwo aqashwe ngabakwaSeine.
Izinsongo
Ukuhlalisana nomfula iSeine kube wusongo eParis. Ngenyanga kaMasingana wonyaka ka-1910, amanzi akhuphuka kakhulu, kangangokuthi kwaba nezikhukhula ezibalulekile. Lo msebenzi wokwandisa ukugeleza kwe-Seine ubulokhu uhlala njalo futhi waba usongo olukhulu futhi eminyakeni ye-1924, 1955, 1982 kanye no-1999 no-2000, lapho umfula uphinde wafinyelela emazingeni ayingozi, ukuze kamuva unikeze ithuba lokuxwayisa ngezimo eziphuthumayo idolobha laseParis ngenxa yezikhukhula ezingase zibe khona.
Usongo lwaluthi ngo-2003 imisebenzi yobuciko ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kwadingeka isuswe eParis, iqiniso elakha ukudluliswa kobuciko okukhulu kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, bekuwumkhuba ukugcina ingxenye enkulu yobuciko obukhona eParis ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, kodwa uma izinga loMfula likhuphuka ngendlela eshaqisayo, zingase zibe nezikhukhula.
Ngokusho kocwaningo olwaqala ngo-2002, uma kwenzeka isigameko esinjalo, singamela ukulahlekelwa cishe kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zama-euro, kanye nokumisa izinsiza zomphakathi, okushiya ingxenye enkulu yabantu bengenagesi, igesi kanye nocingo. inani labantu.
Isikhathi samaRoma
Umfula iSeine ubone izenzakalo zomlando kusukela kudala. Ngaphansi kwe-La Ile de la Cité, eduze ne-Notre Dame Cathedral ngeshwa, kusengenzeka ukubona izinsalela ze-Gallo-Roman settlement eyayimi lapho ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala endaweni lapho. yehluke kakhulu kuleyamanje.. Uphenyo lwemivubukulo lubonise ukuthi izikebhe ezatholwa kuleyo ndawo, usuku lwazo lokwakhiwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-6000 edlule, lubonisa ukuthi le ndawo yakudala yayijwayelene nosebe lomfula kanye naleyo ndlela yokuphila.
Umfula iSeine wawungumfundisi omuhle kakhulu wamaRoma, okwadingeka afunde ukwakha amabhuloho aqinile ukuze anciphise izingozi zemisinga yamanzi eyayigeleza emifuleni yezifunda ezazinqotshiwe, kodwa ngeSeine bafunda ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izindawo. lapho kwakukhona iziqhingi ezazihlukanisa imisinga yemifula ibe izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, okwakudingeka zakhe amabhuloho ezingxenyeni ukuze zinikeze ukuqina okukhulu ebusweni futhi zithole ukugcwala komfula uketshezi, ngaphandle kwezithiyo, okwenza kube umphakeli oyinhloko wezidingo eziyisisekelo intuthuko kanye nokuziphilisa.
Ngenxa yolwazi olufundiwe kanye nokuqaliswa kwalelisu elihle kakhulu, amadolobha amakhulu nachumayo aqala ukusungulwa, anekhono elihle kakhulu ngokwezohwebo. Idolobha laseParis liyisibonelo sokunye kwalokhu kucatshangelwa, ngoba liyisiqhingi esiphakathi nendawo yomfula, esinikeze izinsiza eziningi zokwakha imisebenzi emikhulu kanye nentuthuko yezohwebo ethuthukisiwe.
chaza i-silhouette yedolobha
Kokubili namuhla nasezikhathini ezedlule, i Río I-Seine iyaqhubeka nokuxhunyaniswa neParis futhi iParis ixhunywe nomfula wayo. Okwamanje uhlukanisa leyo nhloko-dolobha enhle, okwakuyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo abaculi abangavamile kanye nendawo lapho abanye abadali abadumile bathuthukisa khona ubuciko babo, baba izingxenye ezimbili, lapho singathola khona imisebenzi yobuciko nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. , naphezu kokugeleza okuthambile emanzini alo, sizothola inqwaba yamabhuloho, lawo ngokwawo aphenduka abe yimisebenzi engavamile kuzo zonke izitayela.
Yebo, izikebhe azisabonwa e-Seine, kodwa kuyenzeka ubone izikebhe zokuthutha ezithengiswayo kanye nezikebhe ezinhle zokuzijabulisa ezinikeza izivakashi ithuba elimangalisayo lokukwazi ukucabanga osebeni lomfula nakho konke okwakhiwe lapho. ukusa kwesikhathi, okubavumela ukuba babone kuqala isiko elicebile elitholakala nhlangothi zombili zomfudlana.
Ukuzalwa Nendawo
Umfula iSeine ugeleza usuka ezwenikazi laseYurophu uye ohlangothini lwe-Atlantic, futhi usenyakatho yeFrance. lapho umfula uzalwa khona Sena Idolobhana elitholakala cishe ngamamitha angama-470 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, eduze kwaseDijon, ethafeni laseLangres, elisemnyangweni weCôte-d'Or, futhi kukho konke ukunwetshwa kwalo lihamba libheke enyakatho nentshonalanga. . , edlula emadolobheni anjengeTroyes, iFontainebleau, iParis neRouen (iRouen).
Kamuva, ifinyelela emlonyeni obanzi endaweni yesiza etholakala phakathi kwamadolobha aseHavre naseHonfleur, asenyakatho-ntshonalanga, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi iTheku laseSeine, kodwa ikakhulukazi, e-English Channel.
I-Seine ingumfula wesibili omude kunayo yonke e-France, ngoba ishaywa kuphela ngokunwetshwa nguMfula i-Rhône, nakuba ingxenye yawo yokugcina ihamba endaweni yase-Swiss. Ukunwetshwa kwayo kungamakhilomitha angama-776 ubude. Umzila wayo mkhulu kakhulu, uhlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-78650, indawo yawo enkulu kunazo zonke etholakala esigodini sase-Bassin noma e-Parisian basin, okuthi, uma ihlaziywa ngokubuka kwe-geological of view, i-akhawunti yenhlabathi evamile efana nokuba nesithombe somcengezi. ivula i-English Channel kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean.
Lesi sitsha siqukethe ukwakheka kwe-geological ehamba emthambekeni omude ohlangana ubheke enkabeni, uphakathi kwalokhu kwakheka kwe-geological, okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukukhululwa kwe-akhawunti akuphakeme kakhulu, ngoba ingaphezu kwamamitha angu-300 ngaphezu kolwandle, ngaphandle komngcele oseningizimu-mpumalanga, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi iMorvan, lapho ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha angu-900.
Ukunwetshwa okukwazi ukuhambahamba kwe-Seine kwemikhumbi engashoni engajulile kuqala e-Bar-sur-Seine, amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-563 ukusuka echwebeni lapho iphumela khona, kanti kweminye imikhumbi enesisindo esikhulu nomthamo wevolumu, ikwazi ukuzulazula nje kuze kufike e-Rouen. ., eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-121 ukusuka emlonyeni wayo.
Umzila nobude be-Rio Sena
Uma ukunwetshwa kwamakhilomitha angama-776 ubude kubonakala, uMfula iSeine ungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezinhlanu, okuyilezi:
- I-Little Seine noma i-PetiteSeine, esukela emthonjeni wayo iye endaweni yesigodi yaseMontereau-Fault-Yonne lapho kuhlangana khona uMfula i-Yonne.
- I-Upper Seine noma i-Haute Seine, eqala eMontereau-Fault-Yonne futhi ifinyelele eParis.
- Inkambo yokuwela iParis, ebizwa ngokuthi iCanal de Paris.
- I-Lower Seine noma i-BasseSeine, egijima isuka eParis iye e-Rouen.
- I-Seine Maritime noma i-Seinemaritime, egijima isuka edolobheni lase-Rouen iye ku-English Channel.
Yebo zikhona izindawo lapho liba banzi noma linciphe kanye nokwakheka noma izingozi ngokwendawo lokho kuguqula. Njengoba idlula eChâtillon, iSeine iyanda, futhi eduze kwedolobha laseRomilly ijoyina uMfula i-Aube. Khona-ke, lapho ifika esigodini saseMontereau, uMfula iYonne uyihlanganisa futhi uyinikeze ukugeleza kwayo ngokugcwele, futhi lapho ifika eParis, uMfula iMarne uyihlanganisa ngasosebeni lwawo olungakwesokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhilomitha ambalwa ngemva kokudlula eParis, uMfula i-Oise uwujoyina kwesokudla.
Izici Zesifundo
Endleleni eya olwandle, uMfula iSeine uya ehlisa ijubane indlela yawo kanye nokwakheka okutholakala e-Bay of Le Havre, iqondisa indlela yayo ibheke oLwandle Olusenyakatho. Lapho, endaweni lapho umfula uhlangana khona nolwandle, kwakheka ichweba elibanzi okwathi eminyakeni eminingi edlule lahlushwa uhlobo oluthile olwathola igama le-borehole, okuyigagasi elixakile lasolwandle elikhuphuka libheke ngalé kwechibi. umfula.
Kumele ukugqamisa ukuthi, ohambweni lwawo olude, ukugeleza koMfula iSeine kudlula ezifundeni ezine ezifanele kanye neminyango eyi-14, okuyilezi: esifundeni saseBurgundy-Franche-Comté, umnyango we-Cöte-b'Or; esifundeni saseGreat East, iminyango yase-Aube naseMarne; esifundeni sase-Ile-de-France, iminyango yaseSeine-et-arne, Essonne, Val-de-Marne, Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-d'Oise noYvelines; futhi esifundeni saseNormandy, iminyango yase-Eure, iSeine-Maritime kanye neCalvados, etholakala ekugcineni komlomo wayo.
Amadolobha edlula kuwo
Ngesikhathi sokudlula kwayo, inqamula amadolobha abalulekile anjengeTroyes, iMelún, iRouen futhi ikakhulukazi inhloko-dolobha, iParis, enqamula ngasosebeni bayo ababili. Isuka ku-Source-Seine, okwakuyi-Saint-Germain-Source-Seine ezikhathini zasendulo, iye e-Honfleur, idlula emadolobheni angu-164 angumngenela we-Seine, phakathi kwawo okuyiParis kanti elinye lawo yi-L'Île-Saint -Denis. , etholakala esiqhingini esinegama elifanayo.
Akunakushiwo ukuthi uMfula iSeine ungumfula ozolile, ngoba ubonisa ukuhlukahluka ekwandiseni kwawo. Amagagasi namagagasi angabonwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okuye kwaba control ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha namathuluzi ahlukene adalwe ngumuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, konke ngenhloso yokuvimbela ukwenzeka kwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu emadolobheni nabahlala kuwo.
Ukudepha
Kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi yokugcina yama-1800, uMfula iSiena wawunokujula okuncane, ngenxa yokuthi ukudlula kwemikhumbi emikhulu kwavinjelwa, kodwa cishe ngonyaka we-1910, lapho kwenzeka isikhukhula esikhulu, ngenxa yezimvula ezinkulu kuze kube manje, okwabangela ukukhuphuka. ekukhuphukeni okubaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lokugeleza kwamanzi ayo, izifundo kanye nokuhlola kungenziwa okwavumela ukuqaliswa kwamasu okwakungenzeka ngawo ukwandisa uhlaka lwemikhumbi engakwazi ukuhamba emanzini ayo aphephile.
Ukuhamba kwamanzi alo mfula omkhulukazi waseFrance kuvame ukujwayelekile, kepha ngenxa yezehlakalo ezingenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ngenxa yezimo Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu, izinyathelo zithathwe ukuvimbela umphumela okhiqizwa ukuguqulwa ekugcineni emanzini awo. Ekuphakameni kwenhloko-dolobha, umfula ungamamitha angu-24 kuphela ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi ungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-445 ukusuka emlonyeni wawo, izimo eziwuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokuzolile futhi wenze kube lula ukuzulazula okwamanje.
I-Commercial Conglomerate
Namuhla, umfula i-Seine usuphenduke umzila ongenakunqotshwa wokuthutha izinto ezithengiswayo kanye nezakhi zokushintshaniswa kwezentengiselwano, futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza, ungumlingani oyigugu osebenza njengento ekhangayo yokuwela izivakashi, kanye nabantu bebonke. , i-WHO fisa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye ngamanzi, kungaba njalo lufinyeze uhambo. Ngalo mqondo, ama-bateaux mouches awaziwayo, okusho ukuthi izikebhe ezindizayo, ezisetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lokudlulisa, zivame kakhulu futhi zihlukahlukene.
I-Channeling kanye neSistimu izingidi
Imikhumbi yezentengiselwano ingazulazula eMfuleni iSeine isuka edolobheni laseBar-sur-Seine, isigodi esisempumalanga, amakhilomitha angama-560 ukusuka emlonyeni wawo. Futhi imikhumbi ye-transatlantic ingafinyelela e-Rouen, amakhilomitha angaba ngu-120 ukusuka Izilwandle nezilwandle. Indawo yoMfula lapho kungenzeka khona ukuqhuma kwamagagasi, etholakala kusukela eLe Havre kuya eRouen edlula, ilandelwa yisigaba lapho amanzi awo ehanjiswa ngohlelo lwamalokhi amane amakhulu amakhulu, aze afike emlonyeni. endaweni yaseConflans-Sainte-Honorine, enyakatho-ntshonalanga.
Kwakhiwe nezinhlelo ezimbili zezingidi eziningi, ezitholakala emaphethelweni eBougival naseSuresnes, emaphethelweni eParis, lapho izikebhe ziphakanyiswe khona ezingeni elifanayo nomfula, ekuphakameni kwenhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, lapho usuka khona. finyelela emlonyeni woMfula iMarne. Ukusuka lapho, kukhona ezinye izinhlelo zokukhiya eziqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinkinga ekuzulazuleni uye e-Saint Mammä, lapho i-Loing ithulula khona.
Ngemva kokudlula i-Loing, ingidi yesishiyagalombili isetshenziselwa ukufinyelela ezingeni loMfula iYonne, endaweni yaseMontereau, futhi kusukela kulowo mlomo eminye imikhumbi emikhulu nakakhulu ingaqhubeka nohambo lwayo phansi emfuleni ize ifike eNogent-sur-Seine. Kusukela kuleli qophelo kuqhubeke, umfula usukwazi ukuhamba ngezikebhe ezincane kuphela. Futhi kamuva, ayisekho indlela yokuhamba emfuleni, endaweni ezungezile yesigodi saseMarcilly-sur-Seine, indawo lapho umzila omdala we-Upper Seine wawuvumela ukuzulazula kwezikebhe ukuya edolobheni laseTroyes.
Imingenela yoMfula iSeine
Umfula iSeine unemingenela eyandisa futhi iqinise ukugeleza kwamanzi awo ezindaweni eziningi ngobude bawo. Phakathi kwazo, sithola ukuthi ngasenyakatho, uMfula i-Aube, uMfula iMarne kanye noMfula i-Oise ziyawujoyina futhi, ukusuka ohlangothini oluyingxenye eseningizimu, uhlangana noMfula i-Yonne kanye noMfula i-Eure. Omunye wemisebenzi lapho i-Seine ibamba iqhaza khona ukushintshisana kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa imigudu ne-Escalde, uMfula iMeuse, uMfula iRhine, umfula iSaôna kanye nomfula iLoire, okuqedela uhlu lwemingenela yamanzi. ukugeleza kwayo ukufika olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean.
Umlomo woMfula iSeine
Njengoba sike sabonisa ngaphambili, umfula iSeine ugelezela echwebeni elikhulu, eligcwele izindawo ezinhle nezici ezivamile kuzo zonke izindawo zasemanzini. Lokhu kutholakala endaweni ezungezile imiphakathi yase-Havre nase-Honfleur, e-Bay of the Seine, ngase-English Channel. Yebo, indawo ye-English Channel ingenye yalezo ezinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu nobuhle bezindawo, ezinamaxhaphozi, amawa, izindunduma namabhishi anesihlabathi ahlanzwa amagagasi. Futhi kuyindawo yemvelo yezilwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi izinyoni zasemanzini.
Río Seine futhi Paris
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezinhle nezinomlando, izakhiwo kanye nezikhumbuzo ezitholakala ngase-Seine eParis, womabili amabhange amenyezelwe njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO kusukela ngo-1991. Kodwa lokhu kubizwa kubhekisela kuphela osebeni lweSeine. ezazakhiwe kulezo zindawo.
Ebhange elingakwesokudla noma i-rive droite, singathola isakhiwo seHholo Ledolobha, elibizwa nangokuthi i-Hotel de Ville. I-Musée Picasso, i-Musée Carnavalet kanye ne-Musée National d'Art Modern, phakathi kwezinye, nazo zikhona lapho. Futhi e-Maison eyaziwa kakhulu, igama layo linjalo, umlobi odumile uVictor Hugo waphila.
Ngakwesokudla kukhona ne-Jardin des Tuileries, i-Jeu de Paume, i-Orangerie, i-Arc de Triomphe, i-Place de l'alma, etholakala ngaphezu komhubhe okwafa kuwo u-Diana wase-Wales. Lawa amasayithi aheha izivakashi ngokungangabazeki kulowo mkhawulo
Ku-rive gauche noma ebhange elingakwesobunxele, singabona nezindawo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu nezithokozisayo. Kulolo gwini kungenye yezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu eParis, ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi uphawu lokuhlukaniswa kwamaFulentshi, i-Eiffel Tower, ilandelwa yi-Les Invalides, indawo lapho izinsalela zikaNapoleon zangcwatshwa khona futhi futhi iyikhaya leMnyuziyamu Yezempi, kanye neminye iminyuziyamu eminingana njenge-Musée Rodin kanye ne-Musée d'Orsay, ngemuva kwayo i-Latin Quarter, enezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu nezinhle eziluhlaza okungafanele ziphuthelwe: I-Luxembourg Garden kanye ne-Jardin des Plantes.
Izinto ongazenza e- Seine River
Abadwebi abafaneleka kakhulu nabadumile bekhulu le-XNUMX nelama-XNUMX, njengoVuillard, uRichard Parkes Bonington, u-Albert Marquet, u-Eugène Isabey, uCamille Corot, phakathi kwabanye, bathole ugqozi lwabo emfuleni iSeine ukuze benze imisebenzi yabo eminingi yobuciko.
Futhi abadlali be-tango abafana no-Astor Piazzolla, banikezele ingoma ku-Seine River ngokwayo, empeleni, inganekwane yasemadolobheni ibonisa ukuthi uCarlos Gardel omkhulu wazalelwa eParis. Ababhali abakhulu abanjengoVictor Hugo banikezela izingoma zabo kuye, njengasenovelini ethi Les Miserables, echaza ukuthi omunye wabalingiswa oyinhloko wakwazi kanjani ukuphunyuka emathanjeni alo mfula obanzi.
Kunezinganekwane eziningi ezihlotshaniswa futhi eziphefumulelwe yiSeine, njengoba kufakazelwa umsebenzi wabaculi abakhulu bekhulu lama-XNUMX abafana noRainer Maria Rilke noVladimir Nabokov, ingasaphathwa eyenganekwane yokufa kowesifazane osemusha etholakala emabhange ayo.
i-seine river engcolile
Umfula iSeine, njengoba kwenzeka kuyo yonke eminye imifula eYurophu, futhi cishe nawo wonke umhlaba, wonakalisiwe futhi waphazanyiswa ukungcoliswa kwezimboni. Ngesimo esishubisayo, endabeni ye-Seine, ukuthi futhi ithola amanzi angcolile asekhaya avela engxenyeni enkulu ye-Paris, okudale umonakalo omkhulu. Ukungcola kusezingeni kangangokuthi kuye kwathiwa iParis inuka kabi, futhi iwumkhiqizo wamanzi eSeine.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1920, iziphathimandla umsebenzi wazo kwakuwukunakekela uMfula iSeine, zazifuna izindlela zokuphulukisa izinkinga zezempilo nezemvelo ezazibangelwa, kodwa akukho okwafezwa, kwaze kwaba ngonyaka we-1960 amaFulentshi aqala ukutshala imali kuwo. ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezifanele zokuhlanza indle ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-panorama yomfula. Le nqubo yokuhlanza ayizange ihambe ngokushesha njengoba ibingathanda, kodwa ngenhlanhla imiphumela eminingi itholakele, futhi namuhla cishe izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaba ngu-30 seziyatholakala.
i-seine river Brussels
Idolobha laseBrussels lasungulwa cishe ngo-979, esigodini saseSeine River, kodwa linomlando othakazelisayo wesisekelo salo, lapho kubonakala sengathi leli dolobha elihle eYurophu alinawo umfula eduze nezindawo eziseduze. Kuyathakazelisa ukuzama ukukwazi.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, inkaba yedolobha laseBrussels yahlukaniswa yaba izindawo ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu. Eyokuqala yayiyilokho ababekubiza ngokuthi indawo engenhla, lapho iRoyal Palace noma i-Mont des Arts ikhona, futhi kwakuyindawo lapho izicukuthwane kanye nonxiwankulu base bemise khona indawo yabo yokuhlala.
Eyesibili yayibizwa ngokuthi indawo engezansi yedolobha, eyahlukaniswa uMfula iSeine noma iSenne, yona nayo yaba yizimfoloko zaba izingxenye ezimbili ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yase-Anderlecht, yakha iziqhingi ezimbili phakathi nedolobha. Okubanzi kakhulu kuzo yileyo eyathola igama lesiQhingi iSaint Géry, endaweni ezungezile, uMfula iSenne usuphenduke umfudlana wamanzi angcolile futhi angenampilo, ngenxa yokuminyana kwabantu abaningi abahlala lapho, kuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi. futhi bekuyindawo yezimboni.
Izimo
Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkathi ezimbalwa zesomiso nezikhukhula eziqhubekayo, kanye nesifo esibi kakhulu sekholera, okwakuthiwa yizimo ezidabukisayo lapho lelo nani lalihlala khona kanye nomfula ngokwawo, kwabangela ukuba iziphathimandla ziqale ukubheka. izixazululo nezindlela zokuqeda inkinga eyayilimaza abantu abaningi futhi eyayisabalele ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Izifundo eziningana ezinkulu kakhulu, amapulani kanye namaphrojekthi ayenziwa, phakathi kwawo lowo owayefuna ukuvimbela umfula ukuba ungaweli idolobha ayethanda. Lo mbono wawuvele kumdwebi wamapulani uLéon Suys, futhi wembulwa ngo-1865, ngosizo lweMeya uJules Anspach.
Iqiniso liwukuthi kwakungenzeka ukuhambisa amanzi ngalolu hlelo, ukwakha ama-boulevards amaningana ayenomumo we "Y" futhi namuhla awela enkabeni yeBrussels, ehlanganisa iziteshi ezisenyakatho (eNord) naseningizimu (Midi). Kusukela lapho, kwaqala inkathi yoshintsho phakathi nedolobha, omunye wemiphumela yako kwaba ukuthi izakhamuzi zazingasenawo umfula emehlweni azo.
Ngale ndlela, kuleyo ndawo uMfula iSeine umbozeke ngokuphelele, futhi ungabonakala kuphela ngepayipi lendle, uze ufinyelele ethekwini lase-Anderlecht naseSaint-Gery, phakathi kwePoor Clares Convent kanye neGolden Lion.
I-Seine River Bridges
Namuhla kukhona, esewonke, amabhuloho angamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa awela uMfula iSeine, edolobheni laseParis kuphela, kanye namanye ambalwa emaphethelweni edolobha. Phakathi kwalawo atholakala eParis, kufanelekile ukuvakashela amabhuloho aseLouis-Philippe naseNeuf ngomlando wabo kanye nokubukisa, okwakamuva okuvela ngo-1607.
Okunye okugqame kakhulu ibhuloho elibizwa nge-Tournelle, lapho izifunda ze-IV kanye ne-V zedolobha zijoyina khona. Kodwa kuyaziwa izazi-mlando kanye nezindaba zemindeni yakudala yendawo, ukuthi leli akulona ibhuloho lokuqala elakhiwa kuleyo ndawo, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwakhiwa okuningana kokukhulumisana kwendawo kanye nokuhamba kuye kwenziwa kuleyo ndawo. .
Ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona ibhuloho lokhuni, okuyinto wabhujiswa ingxenye ngozamcolo phakathi nonyaka 1651. Khona-ke labuyiselwa ngo-1956, usebenzisa itshe njengoba impahla main, ngeshwa ngo-1918 waphinde wabhujiswa , ngenxa yokuthi lowo njengamanje kuleyondawo yakhiwe.
Igama livelaphi?
Kuthiwa igama lawo kumele liqanjwe ngombhoshongo omncane owawuseduze nawo futhi owawungowodonga uFelipe Augusto ayeyale ukuba lwakhiwe; futhi leyo kamuva yathathelwa indawo inqaba encane. Isakhiwo saleli bhuloho sakhiwe i-arch enkulu emaphakathi kanye namakhothamo amabili asemaceleni, anensika engamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama njengomhlobiso. Isethi igcwaliswa yisifanekiso esihle sikaSaint Genevieve, ongusanta ongumvikeli waseParis, esakhiwe umqophi wezithombe uPaul Landwski.
Uma usuka eParis, ungathola namabhuloho amahle kakhulu futhi ahlabayo, okumele kukhulunywe phakathi kwawo iNormandy Bridge, elinye lamabhuloho amade kunawo wonke ahlala ngekhebula emhlabeni, axhumanisa iLe Havre neHonfleur.
I-Seine ihlonishwe ngokuba umfula wokuqala ukuzulazulwa yisikebhe esisebenza ngogesi ngokugcwele. Inegama le-Seabubble, isebenza ngamandla kagesi kuphela futhi inikwa amandla amamotho amabili, ngobuchwepheshe be-hydrofoil, okuholela ekuncipheni komthelela wokudonsa komkhumbi emanzini, okwenza ukuzulazula kwawo kube ntofontofo. , isikebhe sikagesi, akukho okungenzeka ukuthi udoti ungcolise uMfula.
Izitshalo nezilwane zoMfula iSeine
Njengamanje, iSeine iwumfula osetshenziswa kakhulu eFrance, kodwa inezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo futhi kunezilwane ezimbalwa eziye zawenza indawo yazo. Nakuba umphumela olimazayo wokudoba nokuthengisa uye wabonwa eSeine, usengathola izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifana ne-burbot, eduze nokugeleza kwayo, ungathola futhi i-pike yaseYurophu, okuyizilwane ezimelana kakhulu , futhi kwenye ingxenye. emfuleni ongenhla kukhona i-perch, spiny loach, kanye nezinhlobo ezifana ne-river otter nezinye.
Sithemba ukuthi ukujabulele lokhu kufunda ngomfula iSeine, ngokungangabazeki obaluleke kakhulu Imifula yezwekazi laseYurophu, futhi sikukhuthaza ukuthi uqhubeke ucwaninga le migwaqo yamanzi kanye neminye ethakazelisayo.