Inkolo esekelwe kuKristu iye yahlukaniswa yaba amagatsha amane amakhulu, Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi uyini umehluko oqinile phakathi kwala gatsha lobuKrestu, njengoba naphezu kokusebenzisa umbhalo ongcwele ofanayo, ngalinye linemikhuba, imikhuba nezinkolelo ezihluke kakhulu. ezahlukene.
UbuKristu
Inkolo yobuKristu Ka-Abrahama ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa futhi kusekelwe ebukhoneni nasezimfundisweni ze UJesu waseNazaretha. Ithathwa njengenkolo enabalandeli abaningi, iyona esakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni enabazinikele abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.400. Le nkolo esigabeni sayo sakudala yashushiswa kakhulu, kodwa yenza indlela yayo futhi njengamanje isabalale emhlabeni wonke. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalezi zihloko zenkolo, ungafunda ¿ayini amasakramente?
UbuKristu buhluke kakhulu ngokombono wamasiko nenkolelo. Amagatsha enkolo yobuKrestu avele ngenxa yomehluko okhona ekuhunyushweni kwezincwadi ezakha iBhayibheli. Bonke bayavuma ukucabangela UJesu waseNazaretha njengomesiya amenyezelwa etestamenteni elidala, kodwa kusukela lapho kuqhubeke indlela yokukholelwa ezimfundisweni iyahlukahluka.
Lenkolo yavela ebuJudeni phakathi nekhulu lokuqala emva kukaKristu, ngo EJudiya. Yayiholwa ngaleso sikhathi ngabafundi bakaJesu. Lobu buKristu bokuqala banda busuka lapha, naphezu kokuhlupheka okukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba khona cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Kwezinye izikhathi ngisho namakhosi ayezibeka abaholi bebandla, enze izinguquko ngokuthanda kwawo.
amagatsha obuKristu
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokwamukelwa kwamabandla obuKristu, kwanda ukuguqukela kulenkolo. Lokhu kwaholela ekwandeni kwayo ngenxa yomehluko omncane nokukhulu ekusebenziseni ukholo, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukene kwavela lezi zinhlobonhlobo, nazi ezine eziyinhloko, nakuba zikhona ezinye.
Lo mehluko wenziwa kucatshangelwa inani lamakholwa igatsha ngalinye elinawo, kanye nenani lamazwe lapho amathempeli awo atholakala khona. Lokhu kwenziwa ngale ndlela ngoba lokho kuyinkomba yomthelela abanawo emiphakathini, ukholo lungumgqugquzeli obalulekile wokuziphatha okuhle esintwini, futhi lapha kulele ukubaluleka okukhulu emiphakathini yala magatsha obuKristu.
UbuProthestani
Leli elinye lamagatsha abaluleke kakhulu obuKristu, amakholwa angaphezu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye abhalwe phansi emhlabeni wonke. Iqala ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha UMartin Luther, lona obizwa ngokuthi umsunguli wobuProthestani, njengoba ekhulwini lamakhulu amahlanu neshumi nesikhombisa, bahlukana ngokusemthethweni nesimiso seSonto LamaKatolika.
AmaProthestani abheka ukuthi mibili kuphela imisebenzi: ubhapathizo kanye nenhlanganyelo. Abaqapheli isibalo sikapapa ophakeme njengommeli kaKristu negunya eliphakeme kakhulu lebandla. Kuleligatsha lobuKristu, iBhayibheli liwukuphela kwencwadi lapho izwi likaNkulunkulu litholakala khona, ngakho-ke izimfundiso zalo.
AmaProthestani awavumelani necala lezono, ngakho ashumayela ukuthi ukusindiswa komphefumulo kuncike kuphela okholweni lomuntu ngamunye hhayi emisebenzini eyenziwayo. Kubo asikho isihlanzo, futhi abakholelwa emfanekisweni womhlatshelo wenqwaba noma ekukhulekeleni kwabangcwele abangasekho.
Kuleli gatsha ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe noma izithombe zenkolo akwamukelekile. Ngenxa yenani labalandeli bayo kanye nenani lamazwe lapho kutholakala khona izinkolo zabo, iyona enethonya kakhulu ebuKristwini banamuhla.
Ubu-Orthodox
Imithambeka yamaorthodox ehlukanisiwe nesikhungo sesonto lamaKhatholika ekhulwini leshumi nanye, nakuba zombili zifana kakhulu engxenyeni engokwesiko nasezinkolelweni. Ama-Orthodox akha ibandla lamasonto azimele, ngalinye elineziphathimandla zalo zesonto ngomfanekiso wababhishobhi bawo.
Lokhu kungenye yezigaba zobuKristu eziqala ngokugqashuka okuqondile kokumiswa kwebandla lobuKristu ngokuthola ukuhluka kwezimiso nokungawemukeli ezinguqukweni ezaphakanyiswa yibandla lamaRoma. Yilapho kanye igama elithi orthodox livela khona, okusho ukukholwa okuqondile. Kuleligatsha, isivumokholo sokuqala sesonto lobuKristu sigcinwa siwumsuka womoya ongcwele.
Isonto lobuorthodox liyakuphika ukuba khona kwesihlanzo, futhi alikwamukeli ukukhulelwa okumsulwa kwentombi nto. María, futhi ayiboni incazelo yesiliphu sokuqala elamukelwa yisonto lamaRoma. Amazwe lapho isibalo esikhulu samakholwa sitholakala khona Ukraine, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece kanye Russia.
Omunye umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu waleli gatsha lobuKristu, neSonto LamaRoma, ukuthi abapristi besilisa abashade nezintokazi ezinegama elihle bangagcotshwa, okusho ukuthi ukungashadi kobupristi akusebenzi eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox. Kula mabandla kuvamile ukuthola amadikoni nabefundisi abashadile. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezindaba ezingokomoya ungafunda le incwadi engcwele yobuBuddha.
Lena enye yegatsha lobuKristu elinenani elikhulu lamakholwa, yingakho lisakazeke emhlabeni wonke wobuKristu. Amasonto abo angatholakala ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni.
ICatólica
Leli elinye lamagatsha obuKristu, elihambisana nesikhungo seSonto LamaRoma Katolika Labaphostoli e I-Western Europe. Inomgogodla wayo eVatican futhi icubungula Ubaba njengommeli kaKristu negunya eliphezulu. Emagatsheni obuKristu akhona, leli yilona elinamakholwa amaningi, elinamakholwa athembekile angaphezu kwenkulungwane namakhulu amabili neshumi nane.
Ngaphezu kwenkolo ye Jesús, intombi nayo ibhekwa njengefanele ukukhulekelwa María nakho konke ukunxusa kwalo nabangcwele. Isikhungo sobuKatolika, sisebenzisa njengengxabano, ukuthi uyena yedwa uKristu mathupha awusungula, ngokuthunywa awushiyela umphostoli. Pedro, lesi yisizathu sokuthi kungani kubhekwa njengethuluzi lobudlelwane obuseduze ne UNkulunkulu.
Imikhuba yeSonto LamaKatolika iye yasekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimfundiso nezincazelo ezingatholakali embhalweni weBhayibheli futhi ezidluliselwa ngesiko labaphostoli, leli siko lalingesinye sezizathu ezabangela ukuhlukana kwama-Orthodox namaProthestani. .
AmaKhatholika anamasakramente ayisikhombisa okumele awenze empilweni yawo wonke kanti phakathi kwawo ayinhloko wumbhabhadiso, uMthendeleko nomshado. Amanye amagatsha obuKristu abheka ukuthi iSonto LamaKatolika lisukile ezimfundisweni eziseBhayibhelini, futhi abuza izincazelo namasakramente amaningi amukelwa manje. Ezinguqukweni zokugcina, igebe elikhulu laphawulwa phakathi kwamagatsha amane obuKristu, njengoba umehluko wenkolelo-mbono ujule kakhulu.
Isonto laseSheshi
Leli bandla lazalelwa eNgilandi, lapho liqhutshwa khona futhi kwezinye izindawo e-United States. Kuyibandla elikhulu lezindawo ezizimele ezizimele ezingamashumi amane, ezichazwa njengokholo, umkhuba kanye nomoya wamathempeli abizwa ngokuthi yi-Anglican Communion, okungamabandla anenhlanganyelo noMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury.
Ingenye yenhlanganyelo yobuKristu ethembeke kakhulu kwabaningi eseyivele emhlabeni, inabalandeli abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili. Bazibona beyingxenye yebandla lamaKrestu, elingcwele, lamaKhatholika, labaphostoli kanye nelenguquko. Kwabaningi bawuhlobo lobuKatolika olungelona lobupapa noma uhlobo lobuProthestani ngaphandle kwezibalo eziyisisekelo ezifana nalezi. UMartin Luther o John Calvin.
Leli elinye lamagatsha obuKristu, elinezisekelo ezijulile emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha, ukuhlobana kwalolukholo, lolo oluthiwa amaSheshi, kutholakala embhalweni weBhayibheli, ezincwadini ezingamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye. inkolo yobuKristu kanye neNcwadi Yomthandazo Ovamile, efingqa imfundiso yamakhulu amahlanu eminyaka okuqala futhi yenqaba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakamuva kweSonto LamaKatolika. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zihloko zenkolo ungafunda iminikelo kaSaint Thomas Aquinas.
AmaSheshi akazikhulekeli izithombe futhi zonke izinkolo zawo zinezikhundla ezifanayo, zihlanganyela ubuholi nesiqondiso sesonto. Basebenzisa ibhayibheli, kodwa wonke umuntu unenkululeko yokuchazwa kwakhe, abefundisi bakhululekile ukushada ngaphandle kwemingcele. Lokhu kubhekwa njengelinye lamabandla akhululekile kulo mqondo, konke kungenxa yokusekelwa okukhulu inkosi eyakunikeza Enrique XVIII kulokhu kuhlukaniswa kwamasiko obupapa.
Okunye okugqame kakhulu kwebandla lamaSheshi wukuthi kwabanye abantu besifazane kanye nezitabane bavunyelwe ukuthi bagcotshwe njengabaphristi, lokhu kuwumsuka wengxabano enkulu, naphezu kwalokhu kuvunyelwe ngenxa yokuthi ibandla ngalinye lingakwazi ukuzenzela incazelo yalo nge umbhalo weBhayibheli. Okunye okuphikisanayo ukuthi kwamanye amasonto kungabonakala izithombe zabangcwele nezintombi, futhi kulezi zimo basebenzisa inkululeko yabo yokuhumusha umbhalo ongcwele.