Liyini Izwe Le-Megadiverse? Zitholele lapha

Izinhlobonhlobo zemithombo yemvelo zinikeza isizwe ngasinye izici eziyingqayizivele nezihlukahlukene, okusinika ubuhle bemvelo obungenakuqhathaniswa kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, ngakho-ke, kuye kwasungulwa izibalo ngezinhlobo zezitshalo, izilwane kanye nezinhlobo zemvelo ekhona ngaphakathi kwesifunda ngasinye esungula izakhiwo ze-megadiverse, isihloko esilandelayo sifunda mayelana Liyini izwe laseMegadiverse?

Liyini Izwe Le-Megadiverse?

Iplanethi enguMhlaba yakhiwe izindawo zemvelo ezihlukene njengama-savannah, imifula, amachweba, amahlathi, amahlathi, izinguzunga zeqhwa, izingwadule, izintaba, izilwandle, amaxhaphozi, phakathi kokunye. Zimelela izindawo zobuhle bemvelo, ezicebile ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimbalini (izihlahla, izitshalo, izihlahla) nezilwane (izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinhlanzi), kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhoneni ngalinye leplanethi lakhiwe izakhi ezenza kube lula. indawo ehlukile nehlukile kwenye

Imbulunga ihlukaniswe yaba amazwekazi amahlanu futhi ngalinye lawo lakhiwe iqoqo lamazwe anezimo zemvelo ezihlukene, okugqamisa kulokhu lezo zizwe ezisingatha izinga eliphezulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, aziwa ngokuthi amazwe ase-megadiverse. Bahlonzwe maphakathi no-1998 yi-Environmental Conservation Monitoring Centre (CMCA).

Kwakuwumqondo owahlongozwa ngo-1988 yisazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uRussell Mittermeier, umongameli we-Conservation International, owaziwa kakhulu ngezifundo zakhe emazweni ahlukene afana neMadagascar neBrazil. Njengamanje igama elisetshenziselwa ukuqwashisa ngokuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi kulawo mazwe lapho kunezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane futhi ezithinteka kakhulu.

Ngokwe-United Nations Environment Programme, bakwazile ukuhlonza ukuthi kunamazwe angu-17 ama-megadiverse, la mazwe ahlanganisa izindawo ezishisayo eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseLatin America. Bamelela u-10% kuphela wawo wonke umhlaba kodwa lezi zizwe ziyikhaya ku-70% wezinto eziphilayo eziphila emhlabeni. Zihlanganisa futhi ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla (zingafaki izinhlanzi) kanye nezingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezinhlobo zezitshalo eziphakeme.

I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) isungule i-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), ephethe ukunquma amazwe ase-megadiverse, ayi-17 esewonke:

1. Australia
2. Brasil
3. China
4. Colombia
5. Ecuador
6. United States
7. EPhilippines
8. India
9. Indonesia
10. Madagascar
11. I-Malasia
12. I-México
13. I-Papua New Guinea
14. Peru
15. Republic of Democratic Republic of the Congo
16. ENingizimu Afrika
17. Venezuela

Maphakathi nonyaka ka-2002, kwasungulwa umhlangano eMexico wamazwe amakhulu athathwa njenge-megadiverse, kulo mhlangano kwathintwa ezinye izici, njengesimemezelo saseCancun kanye neQembu Lamazwe AseMegadiverse Anengqondo Efanayo, wonke. lokhu ngenhloso yokwenza izindlela zokubonisana ezisebenzisana zodwa, okunentshisekelo enkulu ukugcinwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Ngaphezu kokuvumela ukubamba iqhaza okulungile nokulinganayo kwazo zonke izinzuzo ezitholakala njengemithombo yofuzo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amazwe afakwe kuleli Qembu, njengeMalaysia, Philippines, Iran kanye neGuatemala.

Izici Zamazwe ase-Megadiverse

Wonke amazwe omhlaba anezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, ngenxa yalokhu Isikhungo Sokuqapha Somhlaba Wonke sasungula isethi yezimpawu ezidingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukubheka izwe njenge-megadiverse:

Isimo sendawo

Eziningi zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, indawo ecebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane.

izinhlobo ezingapheli

Amazwe ase-Megadiverse kumele akhiwe okungenani ngezitshalo ezihlala zikhona eziyizi-5000, lezi zihambisana nalezo ezavela kuleyo ndawo futhi zitholakala ngokwemvelo kuleyo ndawo.

ezihlukahlukene ze-ecosystem

Zigqama ngokuba nenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile njengezintaba, amahlathi, amahlathi futhi ikakhulukazi lezo zezinhlobo zasolwandle njengezixhobo zamatshe nolwandle. Ukunikeza insimu yayo ukwehlukahlukana kwezindawo, inhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu.

Ukuzihlukanisa

Lezi zindawo ezihlukaniswa iziqhingi nomhlaba wezwekazi ezivumela ukuthuthukiswa okuyingqayizivele kwezitshalo nezilwane zayo ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.

Tamaño

Indawo yendawo ibaluleke kakhulu kulesi simo, lapho ubukhulu buba bukhulu, buba bukhulu ukuhlukahluka kwezindawo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane.

umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Amanye amazwe ayizindawo zomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ahlangana ezindaweni ezimbili ze-biogeographical, okubangela ukuxhumana kwezilwane nezitshalo ezifanele emhlabeni.

Cultura

Ivumela ukufuywa kwezitshalo nezilwane ezifaka isandla endaweni yemvelo.

Izinjongo Zamazwe aseMegadiverse

Incazelo ye-Megadiverse ihlobene nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nenala enkulu yezakhi ezicebisa indawo ethile yeplanethi engumhlaba, ngenxa yalokhu Isimemezelo saseCancun kanye neQembu Lamazwe AseMegadiverse Acabanga Ngokufana anenhloso eyinhloko:

• Ukwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo ezinkundleni

Yiba nesikhundla esihlobene ne-biological biodiversity yezitshalo nezilwane ezingqungqutheleni zamazwe ngamazwe ezibanjwe.

• Khuthaza ukulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane emazweni okudabuka kuwo

Ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi akhuthaza ucwaningo lwezinhlaka zezinsiza, ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-endogenous ukusekela ukongiwa kwemvelo nokwenza imisebenzi yezomnotho esimeme.

• Khuthaza ukongiwa kwemvelo

Yiba nomgomo oyinhloko wezimpahla, izinsizakalo kanye nezinzuzo ezihlobene nokongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo, ukufuna inzuzo eqhubekayo yokuhlukahluka okuzinzile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izizwe.

• Iziteshi zokwabelana ngolwazi nokuvumelanisa imithetho

Ukulinganisa umthetho kazwelonke wawo wonke amazwe angamalungu ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuvikeleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zofuzo kanye nezinzuzo zokuphuma kokunye.

• Lawula imithetho yokongiwa kwemvelo

Sungula isethi yemithethonqubo ekhuthaza ukuqaliswa kokulondolozwa kwazo zonke izinsiza zebhayoloji kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ngendlela eqhubekayo.

• Izenzo zamazwe ngamazwe

Khuthaza ukuthatha isinyathelo namazwe angomakhelwane njengesinyathelo esizimele kanye nazo zonke izinhlangano ezinentshisekelo, ukukhuthaza ukubambisana kanye nokuhlomulana, nomthwalo wayo yonke imali yemvelo ngaphakathi kwezwe ukongiwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.

• Yilwa nesabelomali esingekho emthethweni

Yiba nokulawula imisebenzi engekho emthethweni yazo zonke izinsiza zebhayoloji, ngokulawula kahle ulwazi lwezenzo ezingezinhle, ukwazisa izikhungo zezemfundo nezizimele yonke into edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izindlela ezilawula izinsiza zofuzo.

Megadiverse Amazwe

Kunezinhlaka ezehlukene eziphethe ukulawula izinsiza zebhayoloji zamazwe aseMegadiverse, kulokhu i-United Nations World Conservation Monitoring Center igqamile, inhloso yazo ukuhlukanisa amazwe ngokwenkomba ye-biodiversity yamanje, ngokulandela isethi yemingcele. ezihlobene nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nomehluko wezinhlobo zezwe ngalinye, ngezansi sizokwazi izici eziyinhloko zazo ngayinye yazo:

1. Australia

Inenani elikhulu lezilwane zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle, ngaphezu kokuba yisizwe ngendlela yesiqhingi, okusho ukuthi iningi lezinto eziphilayo ezikhona manje zitholakala kuleyo ndawo, isibonelo ama-kangaroo, ama-platypus, ama-emus, phakathi kwezinye.

2. Brasil

Idume kakhulu ngokuba nehlathi elikhulu lase-Amazon endaweni yaseNingizimu Melika, inezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane, cishe izigidi ezi-4 sezizonke.

3. China

Imele izwe elinenkomba yabantu abaningi, ngaphandle kwalokhu iveza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zemvelo zasemhlabeni nezamanzi elondolozwe izinhlaka zikahulumeni.

4. Colombia

Ithathwa njengezwe elinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane ngemitha-skwele, okuyisizwe esinezilwane eziyi-19% emhlabeni.

5. Ecuador

Inezinga eliphezulu lezitshalo nezilwane ezweni layo, kodwa igqama ngokuba yisizwe esisebenzise imithetho eminingana yokongiwa kwemithombo yayo yezinto eziphilayo.

6. United States

Ingelinye lamazwe amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngakho-ke igqama ngokwehlukahlukana kwayo kwemvelo kanye nezifunda ezihlukile nezikhethekile, njengamabhishi anosawoti aseCalifornia noma iGrand Canyon yaseColorado.

7. EPhilippines

Ingelinye izwe elinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlukahluka ngenxa yohlobo lwendawo enalo, isibonelo lineziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-700 lapho kugqama khona amahlathi nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle.

8. India

Ibonakala ngokuzama ukusebenzisa imithetho edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe izinsiza zayo, nakuba eminye ebalulekile iye yalahleka. Ngakho-ke, cishe kunezindawo zokulondoloza izilwane ezingaba ngu-500 kanye nezindawo eziyi-13 zezilwane.

9. Indonesia

Kuyizwe elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezihlala zikhona, okungukuthi, eziyingqayizivele kulesi sizwe. Ukudlulwa kuphela yi-Australia kulolu hlobo lwenkomba.

10. Madagascar

Kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuba nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesigamu zonwabu emhlabeni wonke, naphezu kokuba isiqhingi, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ezitholakala esizweni salo.

11. I-Malasia

Imele isizwe esinezinga eliphezulu lezitshalo nezilwane, ngenxa yalesi sici sinezinga eliphezulu lokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okubeka engcupheni izinhlobo ezihlala zikhona njenge-orangutan yase-Bornean.

12. I-México

Ingenye yezindawo ezigcinwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwe-ecosystem futhi ihlukile kulesi sifunda, ngaphezu kokuba cishe ne-10% yazo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba.

13. I-Papua New Guinea

Njengamanje ithathwa njengelinye lamazwe aphambili e-megadiverse, lokhu kuthiwa ingenye yamazwe angahlolisiswa kakhulu, ngakho-ke inokongiwa okuphezulu kwezitshalo nezilwane.

14. Peru

Ingelinye lamazwe anengxenye yehlathi lase-Amazon, ngakho linezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo esizweni sonke.

15. Republic of Democratic Republic of the Congo

Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile, iCongo imelela elinye lamahlathi amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ibhekwa njengeyesibili ngemva kwehlathi lase-Amazon.

16. ENingizimu Afrika

Kuyizwe elibonakala ngezindawo zalo zamashidi anezinhlobo eziningi ezibalulekile njengamabhubesi, izimvubu, izimpisi, izindlulamithi, izingwe, phakathi kwezinye. Iphinde igqame ngokuba no-10% wezinhlobo zezitshalo emhlabeni.

17. Venezuela

Iphawuleka ngokuba yizwe elinezinto eziningi eziphilayo, kusukela ogwini, ezintabeni, kuma-savannah, ogwadule, emahlathini, emathafeni, phakathi kokunye. Ngaphezu kokuba ngu-15% wezinyoni emhlabeni wonke.

Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:

Indlela Ubuchwepheshe Buyithinta Ngayo Imvelo

Izimbali zasentwasahlobo

Yini iMegadiverse