I-Los Izinkinga zomphakathi zifanekisela ukuwohloka kwesizwe esilwela inhlalakahle nempilo yazo zonke izakhamuzi zaso, ngalesi sihloko, uzofunda ngezinye zalezi zinkinga ezithinta umphakathi.
Izinkinga zomphakathi ziwumphumela wokungahleleki kahle nokuhlelelwa uhulumeni.
Ziyini izinkinga zomphakathi?
Izinkinga zomphakathi yizimo ezenza inqubekela phambili noma ukuthuthuka kwesizwe noma okunye kokwehlukana kwaso kungenzeki. Njengoba unesimo sezepolitiki, uMbuso unokuzibophezela kanye nesibopho sokulungisa ubunzima ngemizamo yokuphatha.
Kungavezwa ukuthi ubunzima bomphakathi buvela lapho abantu abaningi behluleka ukulungisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zomphakathi noma umphakathi. Lapho ingxenye yendawo ingakwazi ukufinyelela imfundo, indawo yokuhlala, ukudla noma izimpahla zezempilo, kucatshangwa ukuthi inkinga yomphakathi.
Lobu bunzima buyadala izinkinga zomphakathi nezimbangela nemiphumela ezithinta ngqo isakhamuzi sesizwe futhi ngokuvamile, zilimaza abantu kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwazo.
Izimbangela zezinkinga zomphakathi
Izinkinga zomphakathi zingavela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, ngenxa yesimo sobunzima. Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwezomnotho nokuvumelana ngokuvamile kuwumphumela wokwakhiwa komlando wezakhamuzi ezinemali eningi nabanye ngaphandle kwayo.
Ukwehluka kwezomnotho nakho kuba umphumela wokuguquguquka kwezepolitiki okunemiphumela eyinhlekelele kumagugu, okungasinda kuphela abantu abacebe kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuswela nokwehluleka kwezinsiza ngokuvamile kuphenduka izimfanelo zobudlova, inzondo yomphakathi, ubugebengu, nokusabalala kwezinye izinto ezicasulayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphelelwa ithemba kuholela ekudluleleni ngalé kwemithetho yesintu ebhekwa njengengalungile. Ngakho-ke, akulula ukuthola izimbangela zobunzima bezenhlalakahle izwe elibekezelela.
Izinkinga zomphakathi eziyinhloko eMexico
Isizwe ngasinye sinezinkinga zaso ezihlukahlukene kwezenhlalo, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho phakathi kwezinye; okubhidliza ukwakheka kwalelo zwe. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezinkulu zenhlalo yesizwe sama-Aztec, yilezi:
Ubumpofu
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezenhlalakahle eMexico ibhekisela ebumpofu obungapheli, obuzithola busendaweni yokuqala, enye yalezo eziphikisanayo endaweni nokungavikeleki ngenxa yokuba nezinga eliphezulu lobunzima.
Kusukela ngowezi-2013, ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu bebengaphansi komnotho wezwe, benezinga eliphezulu kakhulu; okwamanje, izinga lidlula ama-70% abantu.
ukungavikeleki nobugebengu
Ukuthatha indawo yesibili njengenye yezinkinga ngokuthutheleka okukhulu kwabantu eMexico ukungazethembi, okuchazwa njengesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokwethuka kwezakhamizi zaseMexico kanye nalesi sizwe esiphethe noma yiziphi izinhloko-dolobha okucatshangwa ukuthi ziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu ubuhlongandlebe nobugebengu obuhleliwe, ngokuyisisekelo ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa.
Mfundi othandekayo, uma ufuna ukwazi ithonya lezidakamizwa kubantu, siyakumema ukuthi ulandele isihloko sethu mayelana ne izimbangela zokuluthwa yizidakamizwa futhi uzokwazi okwengeziwe ngale ndaba.
Inkohlakalo
Inkohlakalo ingesinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu abantu bezwe futhi esithinta kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke yomuntu ngamunye, ukusebenza kwezinye izingxenye zesintu nokwazisa izakhamuzi ukungaqiniseki osekukhulunywe ngakho ngokungavikeleki.
Ngale ndlela, i-OECD imemezela ukuthi iMexico iyizwe eliyilungu lale nhlangano enezinga eliphezulu lenkohlakalo. Ngale ndlela, kuthinta kakhulu ukuba khona kokungazethembi okukhulu ezikhungweni zomphakathi kanye namaqembu ezepolitiki.
Ukungasebenzi
Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuphakathi kwe Izinkinga eziyi-10 zomphakathi eMexico okubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyinkinga yezenhlalo ephakathi kwezinkulu kuleli zwe lase-Hispanic-American, elino-3,5% wendawo ebhaliswe emisebenzini ephansi phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka.
Ngaso sonke lesi simo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele lobu bunzima, njengoba lesi sibalo sithathwa njengesikhulu, lapho imisebenzi nezibopho eziningi ezikhona zidlula futhi zihlala isikhathi esifushane.
Ubulungisa
Ngokukhula kobugebengu nenkohlakalo, okuhambisana nokungathenjwa okwandayo kwezinhlangano zomphakathi, iMexico yakha isizwe esinezinkinga ezinzima mayelana nesinyathelo esifanele sezobulungiswa, esihlonishwa njengezwe lesibili elinobuholi obuphansi balo mbuso eLatin America.
Imfundo yomphakathi esezingeni eliphansi
Ngokusho kwe-ENCIG, enye yezinkulu izinkinga zomphakathi kwezemfundo yabantu baseMexico, nakuba kumahhala futhi kuyimpoqo, kudinga isakhiwo esinamandla ngokwanele ukunikeza imfundo yekhwalithi.
Uhulumeni utshale imali kulo mkhakha futhi othisha babonakala befaneleka, kodwa kusasho ukukhathazeka okukhulu okubhekwa njengepharadesi phakathi kwabantu abadala abadinga izifundo zesekondari.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfundo yezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemine ubudala iye yanda ngendlela ephawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, futhi ukwaziswa kubonisa ukuthi isiko liya lithakazelelwa ngabantu bezwe.
Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi eMexico City kunezinkinga zobuhlanga ezifana izinkinga zomphakathi nezixazululo zazo zisekelwe esikweni labantu abahlala khona. Ngakho-ke ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezemfundo kuyadingeka.
Ukubandlululwa
Ukuze kuliwe nokuphazamiseka kokubandakanywa komphakathi ngokuphathelene nokungabi nalutho kohlanga, okuhlanganisa nalezo nzalo yabantu bomdabu abahlukene.
Umndeni waseMexico uhlupheke ngenxa yokwehluka kwawo okukhulu kwamakholoni mayelana nokungqubuzana kwezinhlanga zendawo yawo, ubukela phansi amadolobha awo endabuko noma inzalo yabantu bomdabu.
Lesi simo siphakeme kakhulu kunesitholakalayo esivumelana nokushoda, ngaleyo ndlela sihlanganisa isimo sobuhlanga nesimo senhlalo-mnotho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphakathi wobungqingili ngendlela efanayo uvame ukuveza umbono wawo wokubusa nomehluko, esintwini esingamaKatolika aqinile futhi ngokuvamile esisadla ngoludala.
Machismo nodlame lobulili
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, impatho elinganayo phakathi kwabo bobabili ubulili iyalinganiselwa, umndeni waseMexico uyaqhubeka nokuba sesikhundleni esikhulu sokulinganiswa komndeni kanye nokwejwayela, uqhubekisela phambili izindima zobulili kanye nemibono engajwayelekile.
Okufanelana nenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezenhlalo eMexico ubudlova obubhekiswe kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi oluphathelene nobudlova obungokobulili nomzimba.
Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umehluko ungabonwa ekunakekelweni kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kobulili obubodwa nobunye. Ukuba ngowesifazane onezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokumiswa komsebenzi kanye nalabo abasebenzayo bangaphansi kwalokho okushiwo maqondana nobulili besilisa.
Inkonzo Yezempilo
Esinye sezimo ezingaqondakali e-Mexico singabhekwa umehluko omkhulu ezenzakalweni zezomnotho kanye nokushoda kwempahla etholwa ingxenye enkulu yedolobha.
Ingxenye enkulu yendawo ithatha isinqumo sokukhetha ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuzimele ngenxa yokwehluleka okukhulu komphakathi, okubonakala sengathi akuhambisani kakhulu nokuhlukaniswa kokushoda.
Lezi zinkinga zibonakala futhi emkhakheni wezempilo yengqondo, abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuvumelana nokunakekelwa kwengqondo okungochwepheshe.
ukungabi namanzi
Kungenye yezinkinga zaseMexico zokunakekelwa okukhulu maqondana nempilo, ngenxa yobunzima obukhona ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Amaphesenti angu-15 emiphakathi awawatholi amanzi okuphuza, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, njengoba leyo ngxenye yomphakathi ephethe izinsiza ezimbalwa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lenethiwekhi yokuqukatha eMexico indala kakhulu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu isendleleni enkulu yokuwohloka, ngale ndlela ingxenye yamanzi ilahlekile ngaphambi kokufinyelela emiphakathini ekude kakhulu.
Bonke abanye abantu abakwaziyo ukuthola la manzi acwengiwe, izinga kanye nenani eliwatholayo alikulungele ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa, isizathu esinjalo sandisa isimo esibucayi senhlalo ezweni.
Mfundi othandekayo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko mayelana ayini amanzi amaminerali futhi uzothola ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngale ndaba, lapho uzoba nombono wobukhulu benkinga yokunikezwa kwamanzi okunekhwalithi.
indawo yokuhlala
Le nkinga yezenhlalo ithwala amaphesenti amakhulu abantu baseMexico, ngenxa yokungabi namathuba okuba nekhaya elihloniphekile elinezinsiza eziyisisekelo ngaphakathi kwalo. INhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene inqumele zonke izizwe ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi zingakhetha izindlu ezinhle njengelungelo lomuntu wonke.
Umhlaba waseMexico uhlanganisa u-75% wezindlu, kodwa izindleko eziphezulu zenza lokho kungenzeki, kube kubi kakhulu kulabo abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
izinkinga zokudla
IMexico ingelinye lamazwe anabantu abaningi emhlabeni, kucatshangelwa izinga eliphezulu lobumpofu, indlela yokuthola ukudla iwusizi olukhulu kubantu abaningi baseMexico, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.
Ngobunzima bokudla, ngenxa yobumpofu noma ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, akukho kulinganisela ekudleni futhi kubangela enye inkinga njengokungondleki, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zasemadolobheni inkinga yokubola komsoco ezinganeni isiqala ukuzwakala kanye nabantu asebekhulile; ikhula ngokunganqamuki.
