Ama-Dinosaurs yizilwane umuntu ayengakwazi ukuzibona mathupha, ukushabalala kwazo kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni eminingi, ngisho neminyaka lapho ukuvela komuntu kungazange kwenzeke, kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, akuqinisekile ngomuntu njengeminye imibono eminingi. Sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngale mibono.
inkathi ye-mesozoic
Le nkathi yaziwa ngokuthi inkathi yama-dinosaurs, yenzeka eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisithupha nantathu edlule futhi yahlukaniswa izinkathi ezintathu:
- Okuhle kakhulu
- I-Jurassic
- I-Triassic
Isikhathi seJurassic yisona esibonakala lapho ama-dinosaurs ayekhona. Enqubweni ngayinye yale nkathi, kwavela inkinga futhi ekupheleni kwayo ngayinye badlula inqubo yokushabalala.
Izibankwakazi
Kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezirekhodiwe emhlabeni, Izilwane zasendle ezazikhona emhlabeni futhi ziyizinhlobo eziningi, zasemanzini, ezindizayo, zasemhlabeni, ezidla inyama nezidla uhlaza, lezi zilwane ezingavamile zazingaziwa kumuntu, njengoba zazikhona ezigidini eziningi zeminyaka edlule, kudala ngaphambi kokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu.
Ubukhulu bawo buye bacwaningwa ngokusebenzisa izinsalela ezisatholakala emivubukulweni namuhla, noma kunjalo, kumabhayisikobho ungabona izilwane ezinkulu ezesatshwayo ngenxa yekhono lazo lokushwabadela inyama nakho konke okusendleleni yazo.
Ngokusho kwe-taxonomy yezilwane, zonke izinyoni ezikhona manje emhlabeni ziphuma ngokuqondile enzalweni yama-dinosaurs, incazelo yalokhu ukuthi lezi zilwane azizange zishabalale ngokuphelele, ezinye zahlala emhlabeni futhi zavela ngenxa entsha. emhlabeni, yebo lezo ezingazange zishabalale kwakungezona izilwane ezidla inyama.
Kufanele sigcizelele ukuthi akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezazikhona njengoba kumamuvi sibona kuphela ezivame kakhulu.
Imibono yokushabalala kwama-dinosaur
Okwamanje, isayensi ayikasitholi isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, isikhathi futhi ngokuvamile sididekile, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imibono yabo isekelwe kumathambo, amathambo angcwatshwe amamitha amaningi ngaphansi kobuso beplanethi yonke. Isayensi ithatha ngokuthi ama-dinosaur ayekhona kwesinye sezikhathi eziphawuleka kakhulu emhlabeni, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bazo zonke izilwane zawo babumangalisa, ubufakazi balezi dinosaur.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa emathanjeni abo, lubonisa ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ahamba emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu edlule, umuntu wayengekho ngalesi sikhathi, ababizwa ngokuthi ama-cavemen babonakala behamba emhlabeni kwesinye sezinkathi ezintathu ze-mesozoic. inkathi, inkathi ye-cretaceous.
Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ayekhona eMhlabeni futhi aphela, njengoba nje abonile kuma-movie, i-meteorite ebhubhisayo iwela eMhlabeni, okubangela ukuthi zonke izintaba-mlilo zisebenze, zinikeze indlela yokufa kwawo wonke ama-dinosaurs asemhlabeni , amanye aphethwe. ukuze usinde, izizathu azicacile, kodwa ama-dinosaurs ezindizayo namanzi lapho i-meteorite iwa ikwazile ukusindiswa kanye namanye asemhlabeni.
Izinkolelo-mbono zokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs aphela zimbalwa, ngayinye inesiphetho esifanayo, ukufa kwalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo, le mibono yilezi:
- i-meteorite noma i-asteroid
- Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Sizochaza ithiyori ngayinye isayensi ekhiphe ngayo Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani.
amathiyori e-meteor
Eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule, isayensi yethula ithiyori ye-meteorite, equkethe i-asteroid evela emkhathini inomthelela eMhlabeni, ubukhulu balokhu, ngokobufakazi obutholakala lapho kucatshangwa ukuthi buthinteke khona, bungamakhilomitha ayishumi nambili ububanzi, njengoba ungaqonda i-asteroid. kusukela kulobu bukhulu kunamandla okubhubhisa afika ngokuphindwe kashumi ubukhulu bayo, okungukuthi, amakhilomitha ayikhulu namashumi amabili ububanzi bokubhujiswa okukhulu, kungabalwa izinhlayiya eziyoba yikho lapho idlula emkhathini weplanethi.
Uma ucezu ngalunye oluhlukene nesibhakabhaka lukala okungenani ikhilomitha elilodwa ukuthi lwalulukhulu kangakanani, lwalunamandla okubhubhisa okungenani amakhilomitha ayishumi nxazonke lapho lushaya phansi, ngenxa yaleso sizathu kuthiwa ama-dinosaurs asemhlabeni ayanyamalala. ngalesi sikhathi, abakwazanga ukubalekela ukubulawa kwe-meteorite.
I- meteorite yayakhiwe izingqimba zamakhemikhali ayeyingozi kunoma iyiphi into ephilayo, ngakho ama- dinosaur angazange ashabalale lapho kuphahlazeka ashabalala ngenxa yokusabalala kwala makhemikhali ayingozi. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe nge-asteroid eyawa eMexico, bayaqinisekisa ukuthi yenziwe ngekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-iridium, le khemikhali inezimpawu zobuthi obubulalayo obungasebenza ngendlela ingena ngayo ohlelweni lomuntu ophilayo. kungaba ngokuphefumula noma ngokuthintana ngokomzimba.
Ngokulandelayo, leli khemikhali langcolisa amanzi lapho izibankwakazi zasemanzini zazihlala khona kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kwabangela ukushabalala kwalezi dinosaur, ngakho kungathiwa ikhemikhali okwakhiwe ngayo i-asteroid yaba nomthelela omkhulu. kune-asteroid efanayo.
Lezi zifundo zenziwa eMexico esifundazweni saseYucatan, kunobufakazi bokuphahlazeka kwe-asteroid enkulu, okwaqeda ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kuhlanganise nama-dinosaurs. I Izinhlobo zamaDinosaurs lokho okungaphelanga kwavela ukuze kwamukelwe ezikhathini ezilandelayo Zomhlaba.
Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi inhlekelele enjalo yenzeka eMexico futhi amagesi akhishwa yikhemikhali eyakha i-asteroid yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu yasakazekela nakwamanye amazwekazi, nakuba uMhlaba ungazange usatshalaliswe njengoba wawunjalo. okwamanje, iyafana uma inezingxenye zomhlaba ezihlukaniswe ngamanzi.
Ukusabela okwavela ekufeni kwama-dinosaurs, kwakuthuthuka ngokushesha, masikhumbule ukuthi sonke sinenhloso yokuphila futhi ezilwaneni kubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wokuphila, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zincike komunye nomunye ukuze ziphile, bese kuba yi-The triggered reactions. bekuyi:
- Umthelela owacekela phansi ingxenye enkulu yezilwane ezazikhona emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nezibankwakazi.
- Lapho i-asteroid ishayisana nomhlabathi, i-asteroid yakhiqiza igagasi elithusayo, elabuye lakhiqiza ukuzamazama okunamandla okwagcina kubangele ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nama-tsunami okwakungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, okwaphetha ngokuthi ukuphila okuncane okwakusele emhlabeni.
- Leli khemikhali lagcina selibulele izilwane ezingasindiswa, njengezinyoni, ezazisindisiwe kuyo yonke inhlekelele ehlaselwe izibankwakazi zasemhlabeni nezasemanzini.
- Ngenxa yazo zonke izigigaba zemvelo ezazenzeka ngaleso sikhathi, uMhlaba wakhiqiza ukushisa okufana nokushisa kwelanga, izinga lokushisa lalinjalo kangangokuba lanyamalala ngisho nezitshalo ezazingasindiswa.
- Ezinye izigigaba ezenzeka emkhathini womhlaba ngenxa yakho konke okwenzekayo zenza uMhlaba waba indawo okungahlaleki kuyo, lapho kwafa khona lezi zinhlobo ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemvelo eyayinakho.
- Ezinye izinhlayiya eziqinile zakhiwa esibhakabhakeni seplanethi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba imisebe yelanga ingene kuzo, futhi ukuphila kweplanethi kwafa, ngisho nezihlahla zahlupheka ngenxa yalokhu, ngenxa yokuthi i-photosynthesis ayizange ingene. thatha indawo.
- Izilwane zasebusuku zazihlupheka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukubona njengoba ngaleso sikhathi yonke into yayimnyama.
- Izinga lokushisa lehla lafinyelela ku-degree Celsius, ngaleyo ndlela kwadala inkathi yeqhwa.
- Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, izilwane ezazijwayele ukuphila enkathini yeqhwa zabhekana nenkathi entsha yokushabalala, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi ungqimba olwalumboze isibhakabhaka lwahlakazeka nemisebe yelanga yangena emhlabeni, yancibilika ngale ndlela iqhwa. owadalwa ngesikhathi umhlaba usebumnyameni.
i-volcano eruption theory
Lena enye yemibono eyamukelwa kakhulu yisayensi futhi ukuthi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwaqeda ama-dinosaurs ngendlela ephelele. Ngokungafani nenkolelo-mbono ye-meteorite eyenzeka eMexico, lena kucatshangwa ukuthi yayindawana-thile eNdiya, lapho udaka lwentaba-mlilo lwalumboze ingxenye enkulu yendawo.
Lokhu kuqhuma kwabulala izilwane eziningi zasemhlabeni futhi kwashintsha ngokuphelele isimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, ngesikhathi ukuqhuma kwenzeka, ama-dinosaurs ayefa ngenxa yobuthi obusakazwa emoyeni, umlotha wawumboza izilwandle futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubulala izilwane eziningi zasolwandle.
Ngokwesayensi, lokhu kudale ukuthi kushabalale izilwane eziningi okuhlanganisa nezibankwakazi, ezinye zazo zabulawa indlala kuphela, kanti ezinye zabulawa ushevu. Umoya-mpilo wawungase uncishwe ungqimba lomlotha olwakha lwabangela ukufa kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, zimbalwa izinhlobo ezasinda kule nkathi futhi zashintsha zaba izilwane ezincane.
i-climate change theory
Ngokusho kongoti i ukushabalala kwama-dinosaurs akhiqizwa izinguquko ezithile zesimo sezulu ezenzeka ngesikhathi sazo, izigigaba zemvelo njengokuzamazama komhlaba, amaza olwandle kanye nezinhlekelele, zabangela ukushabalala kwama-dinosaurs nezigidi zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kwabangelwa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lamanzi lalincipha, okwabangela isomiso futhi izilwane eziningi zazingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nakho konke okwakwenzeka.
Ngokuqiniseka singasho ukuthi okwenzeka ngempela ukuthi nganoma yimiphi imibono emithathu yokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, zonke ziphela ngokuhlupheka kohlanga lwezilwane, okwakudingeka ludlule ebuhlungwini bokushiswa noma ukuminza.
Kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala: incazelo yezingane
Ezinye izingane lapho zisencane zifana namafilimu ama-dinosaur futhi lesi silwane siyathakazelisa kakhulu kuzo, ziqala ukubuza abazali bazo ukuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala futhi uma ngolunye usuku lesi silwane siyobuya siphile njengoba singabona kumabhayisikobho kanti ezinye zingasekho. ngisho namancane kangangokuthi acabanga ukuthi lawo abonakala kumabhayisikobho awangempela futhi angafika ekhaya azowadla.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuchaza lesi simo ungadali ukuhlukumezeka empilweni yengane, chaza ngendlela enempilo futhi ehlekisayo ukuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, enye yezincazelo ezinembe kakhulu:
I-meteorite enkulu yashayisana neplanethi enguMhlaba ngaleyo ndlela yaqeda ukuphila kwezidalwa eziningi eziphilayo hhayi ama-dinosaurs kuphela nokuthi ama-dinosaurs angabonwa kumabhayisikobho amarobhothi noma imiphumela egqwayizayo yasesinema ukuze abantu bakholwe ukuthi bangokoqobo kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthi akufani nokuthi ama-dinosaurs awazange abe khona izigidi eziningi zeminyaka.
Yize lena kuyiyona ndlela yokuchaza kodwa bayakwazi nokutshela abancane ukuthi babheke ezincwadini noma kwi-internet, lokhu akunzima kubona kwazise eminyakeni ethile bayakwazi ukuqonda izinto eziningi bese bezenzela ucwaningo lwabo bebodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakwazi ukuchaza enye yemibono emithathu yokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, yenze ngendlela elula, kanje:
- Ithiyori ye-meteorite esiyichaze ngaphambili ngendlela ecashile ukuze izingane ziqonde ukuthi i-meteorite ingaqeda kanjani yonke into.
- Ithiyori yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, bangabeka izingane ukuthi zibukele amadokhumenti mayelana nokubhujiswa okukhiqizwa udaka kanye nomlotha oxoshwa yizintaba-mlilo, ukubhujiswa okunjalo kungabulala wonke umphakathi hhayi wezilwane kuphela, kungase kube yingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Lo mbono ungafakazelwa efilimini yokugcina abayenzile mayelana nezibankwakazi lapho intaba-mlilo iqhuma esiqhingini futhi ama-dinosaurs aphezu kwaso ayafa, angagcini nje ngokushiswa, ukuphelelwa ithemba kuwenza agxumele emanzini futhi abe izilwane zasemhlabeni ezikwaziyo ukubhukuda futhi. bayaminza.
- Ithiyori yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuchaza izingane, nokho, zingayichaza ngale ndlela elandelayo, njengoba nje abantu bengakwazi ukumelana namakhaza, ama-dinosaurs ayizilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, amakhaza ayingozi kubo. Ngokwesayensi, izibankwakazi kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezazingakwazi ukumelana namakhaza, okwabangela ukuba ingxenye enkulu yazo ishabalale lapho kwehla izinga lokushisa emhlabeni futhi kuqala isikhathi seqhwa.
Izilwane ezasinda ekuqothulweni kwama-dinosaurs
Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasinda lapho ama-dinosaurs eshabalala, lapho lezi zilwane ezinkulu zinyamalala zadedela ezinye izidalwa nezinye. Izinhlobo zezilwane lapho zizoqala khona ukuvela, lokhu kuguquka kwaletha njengomphumela izilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo njengendlovu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, isilwane esifana nendlovu eyayiphila ngaphambi komlando kwakuyi- mammoth, esinye sezilwane ezasinda ekuqothulweni kwama- dinosaur, kumelwe kucace ukuthi yonke le mibono yokuthi kungani ama- dinosaur ashabalala yayibhubhisa ngokuphelele. zacekela phansi yonke into endleleni yazo futhi izilwane ezincelisayo zaba nenhlanhla yokusinda kulezi zenzakalo zemvelo.
Isizathu sokusindiswa kwabo kwakuwukuthi ukuze lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zikwazi ukuzivikela kuma-dinosaurs adla inyama, zacasha emigedeni, le migede yakwazi ukuvikela zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezazihlala kuyo ezazingahlushwa yinoma iyiphi yemibono emithathu yokushabalala kwezilwane. ama-dinosaurs, okusho ukuthi, kusobala ukuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, uma yonke into inesiqalo futhi yonke into inesiphetho, sonke sinesizathu sokuba khona, ngokusobala ama-dinosaurs aye afinyelela umvuthwandaba ngesizathu sokuba khona kwawo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izilwane ezincelisayo ziphila ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zazo zazikwazi ukuphila nezinambuzane kuphela nezitshalo zasemanzini futhi lokhu akuzange kuthinteke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi yale mibono emithathu, isibonelo, izingwenya zazingenye yezinhlobo ezasinda ekuqothulweni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. izibankwakazi futhi yavela ukuze ivumelane nezwe elisha lapho ezoba umhlaseli ophezulu.
Ithiyori entsha yokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala
Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule kwavela inkolelo-mbono entsha yokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, olunye ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesithupha edlule, ama-dinosaurs ashabalala, i-asteroid eyashaya umhlaba yayinamandla okubhubhisa lokho ababhubhisa amabhomu e-athomu ayizigidi eziyishumi. , nokho, abanye ososayensi bathi isibhakabhaka esafika emhlabeni lapho izibankwakazi okuthiwa zashabalala khona sasisezigidini eziningi zeminyaka ngaphambi kokushabalala kwalezi zilwane.
Ucwaningo seluveze ukuthi ama-asteroid aqhamuka ngqo emkhathini akhiwe sulphur ne-carbon dioxide kuphela, wona lawo akhishwa yintaba-mlilo uma iqhuma, lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba engamagesi abulalayo, kodwa awanawo umthelela omkhulu empilweni yezidalwa. ephila.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho ama-dinosaurs ephila, isulfure yayisebenza njenge-conductive agent ukuze ezinye izintaba-mlilo nazo zicushwe futhi yonke into ihlangane, okungukuthi, le mibono emithathu ingaba yiqiniso, nokho, basebenza ndawonye ukubhubhisa inkathi ye-volcano. izibankwakazi, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi, ukuzamazama, okwakunezenzakalo zentaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngokuqinisekile akwaziwa ukuthi i-asteroid yashayisana kuphi, nokuthi yayingakanani ubukhulu njengoba kungekho bufakazi bokuthi isemhlabeni, ubufakazi be-asteroids buwukuthi, ama-asteroid amancane angamamilimitha noma amasentimitha kakhulu futhi lokhu kwakhanga ukuthi isayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasendulo zinembe kakhudlwana. .
Abaningi balabososayensi bafunda izinkathi ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba futhi okwamanje abakabi nayo inkolelo-mbono enembile yokuthi kwenzekani lapho ama-dinosaurs eshabalala, nokho, ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi le mibono emithathu yahlangana njengoba sichazile. uphenyo luyaqhubeka futhi abanye balaba ososayensi kanye nezazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo bafunda imibono ehlukahlukene yokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs ashabalala.