Uhlobo lwenyoni olufana kakhulu ne-American Moorhen lubizwa ngokuthi moorhen futhi inokuziphatha okuhluke kancane kulokho kwalolu hlobo, kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizocubungula izici zayo, izinhlobonhlobo ezitholakalayo, ukudla kwazo, ukuziphatha, indawo yazo, uhlobo lwazo lokuzala, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Moorhen
I-moorhen yaziwa ngokuthi inhlanzi ebomvu Okuvamile, igama layo lihambisana nohlobo lwayo: Gallinula kanye nezinhlobo zayo: I-Chloropus. Ingenye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke zama-guirform of the rails ngokusho kukaCarlos Linnaeus owachaza i-moorhen okokuqala ngqa ngo-1758. Nakuba kwakukholelwa ukuthi ingeyohlobo olufanayo ne-moorhen yaseMelika, njengoba yayinezici zomzimba ezifanayo futhi. umehluko omncane kuphela owawubonakala emlonyeni wabo nomsindo ababewenza lapho becula.
i-subspecies ye-moorhen
Ngemva kokuba zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlaziywe ngokujwayelekile, kwatholakala ukuthi kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwatholakala izinhlobo ezincane zale moorhen njengoba isikhathi sihamba. Kumelwe kucatshangelwe ukuthi njengoba nje kutholwe izinhlobonhlobo ze-moorhen, ezinye ziye zanyamalala ngenxa yazo zonke izinkinga zemvelo eziphawulwe. Kunezinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu ezaziwayo futhi zinamagama esayensi alandelayo:
- I-Galinula chloropus: Ezindaweni ezilandelayo zingatholakala: eBurma, eKashmir, eChina (eningizimu nasempumalanga), iHainandao, eNdiya, e-Iraq, eJapane, eMalacca (enyakatho), eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia (eningizimu), eSri Lanka. , Taiwan kanye neTibet (eningizimu).
- I-Galinula chloropus barbadensis: Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-subspecies I-Galinula chloropus seychellarum zisabhekwa ngoba zifana kakhulu ngokomzimba, ama-barbadensis abonakale ngobuningi eBarbabos - Caribbean Island kanye ne-seychellarum eSeychelles - East Africa. I-Barbados moorhens yatholakala ngo-1954.
- I-Galinula chloropus cachinnans: Lezi zinyoni okwamanje zihlala eNyakatho neMelika Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zaseBermuda, eGalapagos naseBahamas. Baqala ukubonakala ngo-1915.
- I-Galinula chloropus cerceris: Izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo ezincane zitholakala eqenjini leziqhingi ezisenyakatho yoLwandle LwaseCaribbean (Greater Antilles), naseningizimu-mpumalanga yalezi ziqhingi (Lesser Antilles, empumalanga yePuerto Rico). Ukutholakala kwakhe kubonakala kusukela ngonyaka we-1910.
- I-Galinula chloropus galeata: Babonakala okokuqala ngqa ngonyaka we-1818, okubabeka njengezinhlobo ezingaphansi zakudala ezitholakele. Izindawo zabo zamanje yilezi: i-Argentina (enyakatho), iBrazil, iBolivia (empumalanga), iGuyana, iParaguay, iTrinidad, i-Uruguay kanye neVenezuela (enyakatho) amazwe okuhlala kuwo ama-moorhen alolu hlobo. .
- I-Galinula chloropus garmani: Kungenzeka ukubona izinyoni zalesi subspecies ezatholwa ngo-1876 e-Argentina (enyakatho-ntshonalanga), eBolivia (empumalanga), eChile (enyakatho) nasezindaweni eziphakeme zasePeru kuphela.
- I-Galinula chloropus guami: AmaGuami moorhen ahlala eziQhingini zaseMariana futhi aqala ukubonwa ngo-1917.
- I-Galinula chloropus meridionalis: Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane ze-moorhen ezibonwa e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi esiFundazweni saseKapa nasesiqhingini sase-Santo Tomé, nakuba ezinye zibuye zabonwa esiqhingini sase-Annobón, unyaka wayo wokutholwa ngu-1821.
- I-Galinula chloropus orientalis: Ngokuqondene nama-moorhens alezi zinhlobo ezincane, izindawo zingabhalwa njengezindawo zazo zokuhlala: i-Bali, i-Borneo (ikakhulukazi e-Kalimantan), i-Flores, i-Java Island, i-Kangean, i-Lombok, i-Malacca (eningizimu), i-Sulawesi ne-Sumatra.
- I-Galinula chloropus pauxilla: Lezi zinyoni zezinyoni zabonakala enyakatho yeColombia futhi kancane kancane entshonalanga yaleli zwe elifanayo, zitholakala nase-Ecuador (entshonalanga) nasePeru (enyakatho-ntshonalanga).
- I-Galinula chloropus pyrrhorrhea: Yabonwa eMadagascar naseMauritius, okokuqala ngqa ukubonwa ngo-1861.
- I-Galinula chloropus sandvicensis: Ngo-1877 kwabonwa ama-moorhens okuqala alesi zinhlobo ezincane ezihlala eHawaii.
Izici
Mayelana nokubukeka kwayo, into yokuqala engashiwo ukuthi ilinganisa phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-27 no-38, okwenza ibonakale kahle, nokho, lapho ivula amaphiko ayo ingamboza amasentimitha angama-62. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesisindo esiphakathi kuka-192 no-500 amagremu, ngokuvamile abesilisa yibo abanezilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsikazi.
Umbala wayo awuhlukanga kakhulu ngokungafani no ama-parakeets enemibala eminingi njengezinhlobo ezincane futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, i-moorhen ngokuvamile impunga emnyama cishe emnyama, ikhanda layo lonke nentamo inombala omnyama kunomzimba wayo wonke, empeleni engxenyeni engezansi yomsila wayo ibonakala imhlophe. umbala.
Ngokuqondene noqhwaku lwayo olumise okukanxantathu, okungavamile kwalo umbala walo obomvu, ngaphandle kwesihloko, elinombala ophuzi ngokugqamile. Kodwa-ke, imilenze yayo iphuzi nge-hue eluhlaza kanye namabala amabili abomvu atholakala emadolweni ngamunye, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zinde uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesitimela.
Ngokufanayo, iminwe yabo mide, okubasiza ukuba bahambe kalula kwezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Kanye nezinzipho ezigobile kancane ezinombala ophuzi namathoni aluhlaza. Ngokuqondene nomsila wayo, mfushane futhi njengoba kukhonjisiwe inombala omhlophe ngaphansi, nakuba izimpaphe ezimpunga nazo zingabonakala.
Kungenzeka ukuqaphela izinguquko ekubukekeni kwazo njengoba zikhula, isibonelo salokhu indlela ama-moorhen amancane anomzimba onsundu nentamo ekhanyayo kangangokuthi ingacishe ibe mhlophe. Lapho sezikhulile, kungase kuvele umugqa obomvu ethangeni ngalinye futhi uqhwaku lwazo luyoba nokubomvu okuzoba namandla kakhulu njengoba kubonakala, umbala ophuzi wesihloko nawo uyamangalisa.
Kodwa abagcini nje ngokuba nombala obomvu emlonyeni wabo lapho sebekhulile (njengoba bebancane banoqhwaku oluluhlaza onombala onsundu kunobomvu). Amehlo nawo abomvu nakuba umfundi wabo omnyama, lapho esemancane amehlo abo aba nsundu bese eshintsha umbala. Abesifazane nabesilisa empeleni bayafana ngaphandle komehluko wosayizi oshiwo ngenhla.
Umsila wayo, njengoba kubonisiwe, ungaba mnyama kodwa ungabi mnyama njengekhanda nentamo yenyoni, ingaba mhlophe nangaphakathi noma impunga, iqiniso ukuthi zifushane futhi zinemigqa emhlophe. Umsila wawo ubukeka uhamba nesigqi ezijwayele ukubhukuda ngaso ngoba ziwutshekisa kanye kanye njengoba zinqekuzisa amakhanda ngesikhathi sokubhukuda kwazo.
Ukuziphatha
Ngokwenhlalo lezi zinyoni zivamise ukugwema eminye imiphakathi yezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngazo zonke izindlela ngisho nama-moorhen afanayo, empeleni uma zihamba zivame ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esifushane kuze kube ngamapheya angamashumi amabili alolu hlobo futhi noma kunjalo azihlali kude. omunye nomunye ngebanga elilodwa noma amahlanu imitha. Bavame ukuhlala ngababili futhi bebodwa, bethusa abantu abangabazi ngamakhwela aphakeme kakhulu.
Ngalo mqondo, ukuziphatha kwazo kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane uma kunokungqubuzana kunolaka, zivame ukulwa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Mayelana nokuziphatha kwazo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, lezi zinyoni uma zibona ukuthi enye yazo isondela, zibalekela ogwini futhi zicashe khona zize zizizwe ziphephile futhi, zingabaleka ngokubhukuda, ukutshuza noma ukundiza, nakuba lokhu kungajwayelekile kakhulu. Uma umhlaseli ufika emoyeni noma bengabantu batshuza njengazo zonke iqhude lasolwandle.
Ingoma yayo ngakolunye uhlangothi ifushane kakhulu futhi iyayaluza, ivame ukusetshenziswa omama ukubiza izingane zabo. Ingoma ezwakalayo uma besengozini ihlukile, kanjalo naleyo abayikhiphayo uma besaba. Ngokuqondene naleyo ekhishwa zonke izinyoni ngesinye isikhathi phakathi nosuku, ngokuvamile lokhu kuzwakala njengekhwela.
Lapho zisanda kuzalwa ziqala ukwenza imisindo enjengamabhiphu amafushane ngokushesha nje ngemva kokushiya iqanda, lapho zikhula umsindo uba bukhali futhi ube nomsindo lapho zibalekela okuthile. Lokhu kuze kube yilapho befa, okuvame ukuba baze babe neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma eyishumi nambili ubudala.
ukudlai-ation
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwazo, lokhu kubanzi kakhulu ngoba ziyizinyoni ezidla omnivorous, zidla isamba esikhulu semifino yezinhlobo eziningi njengembewu, izingcezu zezitshalo zasemanzini, amakhambi, izitshalo zamaxhaphozi, kanye nezilwane ezincane zasemanzini ezingenamgogodla kanye nama-mollusk. , ngaphezu kwezinambuzane nezimbaza, okungukuthi, ukudla kwazo kutholakala ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwazo azikho ubunzima obukhulu bokudla.
Njengezinye izinyoni ezibhukuda emachibini, emachibini, emifuleni, njll. ama-moorhen acwila cishe ngokuphelele ukuze akwazi ukubamba lezi zilwane ezincane zasemanzini, lapho zidla ngaphandle kwamanzi zingaba namahloni kodwa zikuthola kalula ukudla kwazo futhi ekugcineni zigcine zikufuna, empeleni uma sezifile. izinhlanzi zishiywa ngaphandle emanzini ama-moorhens ajwayele ukuzicosha futhi akuzona zodwa izidumbu ezicoshayo, nakwezinye izinyoni.
Okunye abajwayele ukukudla iminenke, ojekamanzi, izicabucabu namabhungane, bake babonakale bedla amaqanda ezinye izinyoni. Kunoma yikuphi, ngamaduna avame ukudla kakhulu kunezinsikazi ngoba ngesikhathi sokuqomisana lawo abukeka eqinile akhombisa ezinsikazi ukuthi yizo ezifanele kakhulu ukukhulisa amaphuphu nokuvikela izidleke.
Ukuzala
Ukuqomisana kwabo kude ngempela uma kuthathwa njengokudansa noma isiko, into yokuqala abayenzayo ukukhombisa izimpaphe zabo zomsila, bese beqhubeka nokuwagoqa futhi uyabona ukuthi bawachoma kanjani ukuze bashade, kungase kubonakale kulula kodwa. empeleni kuthatha isikhathi eside.kuncane ukukwenza. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi abakwenza ngaso, lokhu kuvame ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba kuya kuZibandlela. Okujwayelekile ukuthi yizinsikazi ezikhetha umaqondana futhi lezi zivame ukuza nezinye izinyoni ezifudukayo.
Enye ingxenye yokuqomisana okungakhulunywanga ngayo yilena eyenzeka phezu kwamanzi, lokhu kungaba kanje: iduna lisondela kowesifazane libhukuda bese licofa amanzi phezulu, kokunye abesifazane bayawasusa. futhi lokho kubenza bantante ngakubo futhi balingise ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokucofa amanzi. Bese kuba ukuthi bayawajaha futhi bakwenza njalo baze bangasalishi ibanga phakathi komunye nomunye.
Uma sebebunjwe njengombhangqwana futhi ukuzala ezinyonini Ngamaduna abheka izindawo ezifanele ukwakha isidleke, lokhu kungaba kwamanye amazwe njengalawo amaphakathi neYurophu. Zakha izidleke eziwubukhazikhazi (zingakwazi ngisho ukwakha izidleke ezimbili bese zihlala kwesinye sazo) lezi zinezinkundla eziningana noma izingqimba (zingaba ezinhlanu) futhi ngemva kokuba sezihlomile zihlala kuzo ukuze zilale ndawonye namaqanda.
Amaduna, ngaphezu kokuba yiwo athola izindawo ezingcono kakhulu, yiwo akha isidleke, nakuba kungewona wodwa, ezinsikazi nazo ngokuvamile ziyasebenzisana ngokuzidweba. Bacabanga kuphela ukuthi izidleke seziqediwe lapho ukubekela amaqanda kuqala sekuzokwenzeka futhi ngisho nangesikhathi sokufukamela, uma zikhona lokho ngokuvamile abakwenzayo ukubeka izitshalo eziluhlaza ngendlela yombhede njengendlela yokuzivikela kumasela. amaqanda enyoni.
Izinja ze-Moorhen
Ezinsikazi ngokuvamile ziqala ukubeka amaqanda azo ebusuku (phakathi kuka-7pm no-10pm) lapho inyanga ka-April isivele imaphakathi, yilokhu okuye kwabonwa e-Europe. Lawa maqanda anombala ophuzi onsundu noma o-beige namathoni ampunga, angaba namachashaza ansundu ngokumnyama noma ansomi aze adideke nomnyama, igobolondo lawo liqinile ngempela ngakho anesisindo esingamagremu angu-20.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsikazi ngokuvamile ziba nama-clutch amathathu, kuphela azinayo isibalo samaqanda esilingana nesokuqala. Zihlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezingu-19 noma ezingu-22 esikhathini sokufukamela futhi zifukanyelwa yibo bobabili abazali, ngemva kwalokho uqala ukubona imifantu emagobolondweni azo (ngisho nezinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba zizophuma ngempela) futhi ukuhamba kungase kuthathe phakathi kuka-2 kanye namahora angu-18.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esisithathayo ukuze ziphume esidlekeni okokuqala, lokhu kungathatha usuku olulodwa noma ezintathu. Ziyakwazi ukubhukuda cishe kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokuzalwa futhi zingatshuza ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuzalwa zivame ukuzifunela ukudla kwazo. Konke lokhu ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabazali babo, njengoba bobabili behlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekunakekeleni nasekukhulisweni kwabo.
Amaphuphu awo abukeka ehlukile kunalawo awathola lapho esekhulile, lapho nje ezalwa uqhwaku lwawo lubomvu, lucishe lube osawolintshi, nakuba isihloko sawo sihlala siphuzi. Ngokuqondene nezinsiba zayo, zimnyama ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva, ohlangothini lwesilevu senyoni ubona umbala omhlophe sengathi ungcolile. Nokho, zonke lezo zimpaphe azihlali zinombala ofanayo.
amakhonoukudweba
Le nyoni yabonakala okokuqala e-Eurasia futhi ngemva kwalokho yabonakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, kulula kakhulu ukuthi isakazwe emazweni amaningana (njengoba kubonakala endaweni yezinhlobo ezitholakalayo) kodwa kufanele zibe nomswakama. izindawo ezifana nemifula, amachibi , amachibi, amadamu ngisho nezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, lolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem lutholakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele yingakho lokhu isikhukhukazi samanzi Kuyaziwa ezindaweni eziningi njengePoland, eningizimu yeFinland, phakathi kwezinye.
Lezi zinyoni zizolile ngempela njengoba kubonakala ekuchazeni ukuziphatha kwazo, yingakho ama-moorhen amaningi abonakala kubantu ezindaweni zemvelo, zoo, amachibi omphakathi, amadamu amanzi, amadamu, imisele, phakathi kokunye. Eqinisweni, ziye zabonakala nasezindaweni lapho amanzi engeyona eyemvelo ngokuphelele, izindawo ezinamanzi angcolile abangelwa ukungcola okukhiqizwa amadolobha amazwe abahlala kuwo.
Okudingeka ngempela ukuze bakhululeke ukuthi kunamanzi agelezayo abushelelezi futhi azungezwe amaxhaphozi nodaka, kanye nohlaza olukhulu ukuze lufane nalezi zindawo abahlala kuzo ezichazwe ngenhla. Ama-Moorhen angatholakala ngempela ezindaweni ezehlukene ngalezo zincazelo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, sezintaba ngisho nesogwadule, ukukhetha kwazo ukubhukuda kanye nohlobo lwazo lwezindawo ezenza lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lube negama elithi Moorhen.Amanzi.
Njengamanje indawo lapho zitholakala khona ngobuningi obukhulu kuseCanary Islands, ezindaweni ezinjengeGran Canaria, Gomera, Aracuas, Teror, San Lorenzo, Tenerife, Maspalomas, phakathi kwezinye. Kulapho inani elikhulu kakhulu lemidlwane ye-moorhen lenzeka khona uma liqhathaniswa namanye amazwe lapho libonwe khona futhi indawo ngayinye kulezi inezici zendawo yazo ethandwayo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengabanye Izilwane ezisengozini emhlabeni lezi zinyoni zilahlekelwe ingxenye enkulu yendawo yazo yemvelo yingakho zafudukela kwamanye amazwe, zanda kakhulu futhi zaziwa kakhulu futhi zivamile emhlabeni, lokhu kwaba usizo kakhulu ngoba azikho engozini yokushabalala njenge ezinye izinhlobo ezazingenazo zingazalana ngobuningi, ukuthi ziyazingelwa noma azivumelani kahle nezinye izindawo.
Amanye amazwe abafudukele kuwo ahlanganisa iNgilandi, iShetland Islands, Norway (eningizimu), Sweden (eningizimu), Saint Petersburg, Siberia (eningizimu), Altai (entshonalanga), Dsungarei, Kashmir, Tourestan. , Brutareal (eningizimu), Morocco, Sahara (entshonalanga), Libya (enyakatho-mpumalanga), iNayile Delta, Israel, Lebanon. Futhi nasezifundeni ezimaphakathi neJalimane nasempumalanga yaleli zwe, eNetherlands, eBelgium ngisho naseFrance, okuyilapho behlala khona ebusika.
E-Spain nabo banobukhona obukhulu, lezi zinyoni zibonakala kaningi eziqhingini zaseSpain nasezinhlonhlweni ezizungezwe amaxhaphozi, izihlahla ezinkulu nezintaba. Okuthile okungase kubonakale kuhlukile kukho konke okuchazwayo ukuthi i-moorhen ivame ukuzala ezindaweni ezikude nolwandle kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angu-1800 ngaphezu kwezinga layo (okwakuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu elirekhodiwe), iSpain ibe isidleke esikhulu salolu hlobo lokuzalana ngobuningi. kanye nesiqalo sokufuduka kwakho.
Abaningi ababonakala emazweni aseduze neSpain bazalelwa kulesi sizwe base besatshalaliswa kwezinye izindawo, lolu hambo aluzange lube yinkinga enkulu kuma-moorons ngoba ikhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo likhulu ngempela, cha bekunjalo. ezithintwa izinguquko zesakhiwo ezize nokuvela komuntu. I-Italy ingesinye isizwe abavame ukuya kuso kodwa kubonakala sengathi bancamela ukuhlala kuleli zwe uma sekuyisikhathi sokulala.
Kwakukhulunywa ngokufuduka ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwezilwane luyafuduka ngokwalo, zilokhu zihamba nakuba zingachitha isikhathi zimi endaweni eyodwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zindawo lapho zigcinwa khona isikhathi eside kufanele zibe namanzi angashoni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezizungezile, emanzini kungase kube namahlamvu antantayo ezingahamba kuwo. Kunoma yikuphi bangangena engadini yemizi yabantu uma amanzi enele.