La upende Ingelosi Ewile, eyaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi "Ingelosi Ewile", ingumsebenzi owenziwa ngo-1847 ngumdwebi wezemfundo waseFrance u-Alexandre Cabanel. Kuwo wonke umlando, ibilokhu inconywa abagxeki, ngenxa yemizwa eyidluliselayo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngaye, sikumema ukuthi uhlale futhi ufunde nathi.
Ukudweba Ingelosi Ewile/Ingelosi Ewile
Maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ikakhulukazi ngo-1847, umdwebi ongumFulentshi u-Alexandre Cabanel, ngemva kokugxekwa ngendlela embi kakhulu ngochwepheshe, akayeki futhi wethula umsebenzi onesihloko esithi "Ingelosi Ewile" emhlabeni. Njengamanje, lo mdwebo uyingxenye yeqoqo lobuciko elibanzi le-Fabre Museum e-Montpellier, eFrance.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayezinikele ngokugcwele ekulondolozweni kwesiko lezithombe zaseNtshonalanga, uCabanel wayehlale ekhetha ukunganqabi, okungenani hhayi ngokuphelele, lezo zinyathelo zobuciko ezifana ne-romanticism, isibonelo. Umdwebo wakhe ngamunye uwubonisa ngendlela ecashile, uma kubhekwa izindikimba zomlando, izinganekwane nezenkolo ekhuluma ngazo.
'Ingelosi Ewile' iyafana, ngoba imizwa eyeqile ekushukumeni komlingiswa wayo ayinakuqhathaniswa. Ukuze kudalwe lo msebenzi omangalisayo, ugqozi lwakhe lwavela enkondlweni yamaNgisi ka-1667 uJohn Milton, ebizwa ngokuthi "Paradise Lost", ngaphezu kwezingelosi eziwile: uBelzebule, uBeliyali, uMammon, uMoloch noMulciber.
Iveza ngokuqina okungavamile, umuzwa wentukuthelo emehlweni othile, ngokwezinkolelo zamaJudeo-Christian, owake waba isandla sokunene sikaNkulunkulu ngesikhathi sokudala iZulu noMhlaba. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngemuva kokuphuphuthekiswa ukuhaha, wanquma ukuziveza futhi waqala impi aphuma kuyo njengohluliwe, njengoba ehlulwe iNgelosi Enkulu uMikhayeli.
Ungabona uLusifa, ingelosi ewile obekulokhu kukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu ngenxa yobuhle bayo obumangalisayo. Kucatshangelwa kahle ngocwaningo lwe-anatomical olucophelelayo, isici sokumelwa kweciko lezemfundo, lapho imisipha yesibalo igqame kakhulu.
U-Lucifer ubheka ngokukhulu ukusola nokuziqhenya kumdali ovumile ukubekela inselele. Ngamandla amangalisayo, u-Alexandre Cabanel wapenda izikhathi zokugcina zaleyo mpi esibhakabhakeni. Ingelosi iphakamise izingalo zombili futhi iminwe yezandla zayo ixhumene, ukuze kufihlwe ingxenye yobuso bayo.
Naphezu kokuvikela okunjalo, kusukela engxenyeni enhle yobuso bakhe, akukakwazi ukufihla yonke imizwa ehlangene, ngoba kulula ukubona isimo sakhe sengqondo ngalokho okubonakala emehlweni akhe. Ukuziphindiselela kusemqoka futhi wazi kahle ukuthi kukhona ozokhokha ngokuxoshwa kwakhe. Nakuba ezigcinile ukuqhosha, ubuye acabange ngokusobala ukuziphindiselela.
Ngaleso sikhathi, isihloko esasikhulunywe ngaso sabamangaza kakhulu izazi-mthetho zombukiso wokuqala, ngoba akekho umfundi owayenesibindi sokuthumela umsebenzi ovela eRoma owawuzomelela uDeveli ngokwakhe. Lapho eneminyaka engu-24 kuphela ubudala, umbhali wayo wethula uLusifa odumile eHholo Lobuciko Elihle, waba ngowokuqala ukwenza kanjalo.
Kwakuyisethulo esidlulele somdwebo womlando lapho kwakufanele kusungulwe khona imithetho ethile lapho osomthetho nezifundiswa bawuhlola futhi baphetha ngokuthi kwakuwumsebenzi ohambisana nesitayela sothando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bamemezela ukuthi ukunyakaza kwakungalungile kuyo, umdwebo wawunembe futhi ukubulawa kuncane kakhulu.
U-Cabanel uphendule ngokungananazi encwadini ayibhalela umngane wakhe u-Alfred Bruyas, ukuthi lona bekuwumvuzo omfanele ngazo zonke izinkinga ayedlule kuzo zokungakwethuli ucezu olumaphakathi lobuciko. Singakuchaza njengokufeketha kombala, lapho ukukhanya okusabalalisayo kanye nocwaningo lwe-anatomical olunemininingwane ludlula i-conservatism eqinile yobuciko obuhle.
Mayelana nombhali wayo, u-Alexandre Cabanel
Uma sesiphenyile kancane kulo msebenzi ngokwawo, singaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngokujulile ngombhali wawo, u-Alexandre Cabanel. Lo mculi obalulekile wezemfundo wazalelwa edolobheni eliseningizimu yeFrance elibizwa ngeMontpellier ngoSepthemba 28, 1823 esifubeni somndeni othobekile ngaleso sikhathi.
Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwezobuciko, izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala kodwa eziqinile zazisesikoleni sokudweba ezweni lakubo. Ngemva kokuhamba kweminyaka, kwadingeka athuthele enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance ukuze aqeqeshwe ngumdwebi onamakhono uFrançois Edouard Picot eSikoleni Sobuciko Obuhle.
Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba kwenzeka ngentsha eningi yesizukulwane sakhe, kancane kancane ukusebenza kwakhe e-'École des Beaux-Arts' kwamnikeza amakhono okukwazi ukuzuza umfundaze futhi athuthele e-Italy, lapho ayezohlangana khona nenqwaba. abaculi beRenaissance engavamile.
Ngo-1845, waklonyeliswa ngendondo eyigugu e-Rome Salon. Kulapho, e-Italy, lapho agcina ethole khona isitayela sakhe esithile kanye nohlamvu lwakhe lokudweba, olunethonya elikhulu ku-Mannerism, inhlangano yobuciko eyavela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, kodwa wayihambisa ngendlela emisha eya ekhulwini le-XNUMX.
U-Cabanel wasekela imfundo yakhe ekuvumelaneni okuphelele kwamathoni athambile emidwebo yakhe kanye nobuqili obuvamile bamafomu. Ngezinye izikhathi, wayewenqaba ngokuqinile imisinga ye-avant-garde evelayo, elondoloza isiko elingokomfanekiso laseNtshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubeyimbangi enkulu ye-Impressionist Édouard Manet.
Umzila
Naphezu kwezinto eziningi azifezile, udumo lwafika kuye ngo-1863 lapho edala enye yezingoma zakhe ezaziwa kakhulu, ethi, “The Birth of Venus” noma “Naissance de Vénus” ngesiFulentshi, lapho uMbusi uNapoleon III eyithola. Wagqama ngokuphawulekayo njengomdwebi wezithombe zezikhulu zaseYurophu kanye nenkantolo yakhe yombuso, enza imisebenzi eminingi.
Lokhu okulandelayo kungashiwo: “Isithombe sika-Alfred Bruyas” (1840), “Self-portrait” (1852), “Portrait of Napoleon III” (1865), kanye nemidwebo ebhekisela kuHôtel Pereire, njengokuthi “Fedra” (1880). Lesi sakamuva sigqama ngenxa yendlela yokudweba uwoyela kukhanvasi eyasetshenziswa, nobukhulu bayo obungu-194 cm ukuphakama no-286 cm ububanzi.
Kancane kancane wathola ukuqashelwa okwakumfanele, imisebenzi yakhe yaze yafunwa ngabaqoqi abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezikhungo ezisemthethweni zaseFrance. Wenziwa uprofesa ku-'École des Beaux-Arts' futhi waba yilungu le-'Académie des Beaux-Arts'.
Wahlala amashumi amabili eminyaka, phakathi kuka-1868 no-1888, eyilungu elifungisiwe leParis Salon, lapho anikezwa khona indondo yokuhlonishwa ephindelela. Ubuye wadlala indima kathisha nabafundi bezinga lika-Albert Besnard, u-Alexandre Jean Baptiste Brun, u-Eugène Carrière, uFernand Cormon, uGastón Bussière, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi
Umsebenzi awulutho ngaphandle kokumangalisa, indlela uCabanel awudweba ngayo iyamangaza noma ngubani. Ungabona ngokushesha imininingwane ngayinye ethathiwe, imisipha echazwe kahle, umucu ngamunye wezinwele, ubukhazikhazi bamaphiko kanye nomuzwa wokubuka kwakhe kuyingqayizivele.
Umdwebo wenza umbukeli ezwe yonke into umlobi ayefuna ukuyithwebula ekuqaleni, ugqamisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubonga ngendlela engokoqobo imvelo yomuntu evezwa ngayo ngaphakathi kwendiza yezenkolo. Noma ngabe wayekhethe ukumboza ubuso bakhe ngezingalo kuphela, kwakuyoba okungaphezu kokwanele ukwazi ukuthi ingelosi icabangani, njengoba isimo sayo sisho konke.
Kokubili izinyembezi zakhe, namehlo akhe okwethuka nentukuthelo, yizona ezigqama kakhulu, ezisibuza ukuthi wawuqhamuke kanjani nomqondo wokujoyina lezo zici naphezu kokuhlolwa kanzima komsebenzi wakhe ngaleso sikhathi. Nakuba kwakushiwo kabanzi ukuthi inamaphutha ahlukahlukene, okwamanje ingomunye wemidwebo yakhe edume kakhulu.
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, umdwebo uwumfanekiso ocacile wesikhathi lapho uLusifa axoshwa ePharadesi, ingelosi eyayizoba isihlubuki sokuqala ngokuqhekeka nokulahla. Nakuba kwakuyisibonelo sobuhle nobuhlakani ekuqaleni, kamuva kwaba yisibonelo somuntu okuzidla kwakhe kwamenza walahlekelwa indawo yakhe ezulwini.
Namuhla unguSathane, kodwa esikhathini esidlule wayewuphawu lomsebenzi wobungcweti, ogcwele ukuhlakanipha nobuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa, kwaze kwathi ngeshwa ingaphakathi lakhe laligcwele intukuthelo, ubudlova nesono. Isijeziso sakhe siyoba yinto esesatshwayo emhlabeni, kude nalapho ayehlala khona.
Exoshwe iNgelosi eNkulu uMikayeli oNgcwele, uLusifa ulele phezu kwetshe nezingelosi eziningi ezimzungezile, kude ngemuva kwakhe, zimboze ukuhlazeka kwakhe ukuze zingakwazi ukubona ukuthi uphatheke kabi kangakanani kanye nezinyembezi ezazihlengezela emehlweni akhe. Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi basho okuphambene.
Ugqozi okuvela kulo umdwebo, inkondlo ebabazekayo ethi 'Lost in Paradise' (1667) yiNgisi uJohn Milton, ichazwe kahle kwenye yezingcaphuno zakhe ezidume kakhulu: "Kungcono ukubusa esihogweni kunokukhonza ezulwini". Lesi sisho sishiwo yingelosi ngaso leso sikhathi lapho esiba khona ukumela ububi kumaKristu.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, ungashiyi ngaphandle kokufunda kuqala: