Ngokungangabazeki enye yezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu ezikhona namuhla, enomsebenzi othile, okungukuthi, endabeni yesilisa, ukumangaza abantu ngemibala yayo egqamile nokuziphatha futhi, endabeni yesifazane, Iphigogo, hhayi nge-hue ekhanyayo enjalo ezimpahleni zayo, noma kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ku-ecosystem, kanye nasezilwaneni ngisho nesibonelo esiphelele sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Indawo lapho ipigogo litholakala khona
Le nyoni enzima inemvelaphi eNingizimu ye-Asia, itholakala kulo lonke elaseningizimu yezwe nasezifundeni ezomile zaseSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle (masl), ehlala ezindaweni eziseduze kwamamitha angu-2000, kwezinye izindawo. izikhathi. Zikhona kuzo zombili izindawo zasehlathini ezomile nezinomswakama, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nempilo ezindaweni lapho kulima khona futhi eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, okungcono kakhulu lapho kunemifula i-aquifer.
Abacwaningi abathile kanye nezazi-mlando baye bafakazela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwafakwa ezwenikazi laseYurophu ngenxa ka-Alexander Omkhulu, kanti abanye bathi lwatholakala kudala eGreece Yasendulo cishe ngo-450 BC. C., ekwazile ukwethulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, iye yathunyelwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ikwazi ukuyithola endle.
Incazelo emfushane ipigogo
Le nyoni ihambisana nohlobo olunophawu lwe-dimorphism yocansi. Uma kubhekiselwa kweyeduna yalolu hlobo, ingakala phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-100 kuya ku-115 ukusuka emlonyeni kuya emsileni, ifinyelele kumasentimitha angama-225 ukuya ekugcineni kwezimpaphe zayo ezinkulu ezikhethekile ezakha isiphephetha-moya, esibizwa nangokuthi umsila wesibili, lapho Zifika endaweni yazo. ukukhula okugcwele, okufinyelela isisindo esiphakathi kuka-4 no-6 kilogram. Insikazi inesisindo esiphakathi kuka-2 kuya ku-4,5 kilogram.
ipigogo eliduna
Izimpaphe zengxenye engaphambili yesilwane ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokugqama kwe-cobalt okugqamile kakhulu, nezingxenye eziluhlaza, ezifana ne Iphothi emaceleni omabili ekhanda. Kulokhu, kubekwe uqhwaku olumpunga futhi phezulu kunohlobo oluthile lwezimpaphe olunomphini omhlophe ongenalutho kanye namathiphu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namathoni aluhlaza. Ineso nangaphansi kwale migqa emibili yesikhumba emhlophe engenazo izimpaphe, okusiza ukuyibona ngale kwezimpaphe.
Indawo engemuva yenziwe ngezimpaphe ezifana namazenga, amnyama kanye nohlaza okwengezwe ngamathoni ethusi nawethusi. Amaphiko ayo kanye nokufakwa kwe-scapular kumnyama kuvinjelwe ngokumhlophe, ikakhulukazi ngezimpaphe eziyinhloko, ezibonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokundiza, zombala wesinamoni. Umsila wayo oyinhloko unombala onsundu ngokumnyama, kuyilapho ithuluzi layo lokuqomisana (umsila wesibili) unemibala eluhlaza ukuya kwesagolide, enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neyethusi.
ipigogo lesifazane
Umbala wekhanda lensikazi unombala onsundu ngamathoni abovu anobuso obumhlophe kanye nephaphu elifana neleduna, elineziphetho ezinsundu ezinezingxenye eziluhlaza. Inentamo eluhlaza okwensimbi kanye nezimpaphe zesifuba ezihlukene ngokunsundu ngokumnyama namachashaza aluhlaza. Umzimba ongaphezulu wowesifazane Iphigogo Inethoni ensundu ngokunsundu enezindawo ezilula, umsila, kokubili okuyisisekelo nokwesibili, kuba mnyama kancane. Abanayo fan enkulu.
Abancane Amaphigogo izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinombala ophuzi kuya kunsundu namabala amancane amnyama ekuqaleni. Ingemuva lentamo inebala elinsundu elihlanganisa amehlo. Izimpaphe zamaduna amancane ziyefana nezezinsikazi, kodwa zinamaphiko e-chestnut kanye ne-plum engabonakali. Lezi azinawo umsila wesibili, kodwa zikhula lapho sezineminyaka emibili ubudala.
Ukukhuluma kancane mayelana nezinguquko
Lolu hlobo lunokuhluka okumbalwa kwe-pluage phenotype ngenxa yezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zofuzo. Lezi zikhula ngokungavamile emvelweni, kodwa ukwenza ukuzalanisa okulawulwayo kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngenkathi zivalelwe kunikeze inhlanganisela ehlukene, okushiya ezinye zazo zivamile futhi kushiya umqondo oyingqayizivele wokuthi «ipigogo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka»yezilwane zasendle.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kofuzo kubangela izinhlobo ezimbili zamathuba ombala kanye nephethini, okuchaza ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwamathoni kufinyelela imithunzi ehlukene kuzo zonke izimpaphe, kanti lezo zezindawo zokulandelana kwezimo noma ukusatshalaliswa kombala, okudingekayo ukuze kube yisisekelo sombala wasendle. isitoko noma okukodwa kobuningi. Umbala ungaxutshwa nohlamvu olulodwa noma eziningana, uzuze okuhlukile Amaphigogo, eqamba phakathi kwazo ipigogo elisiliva i-harlequin opal.
Incazelo ye-peacock shades
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona imiphumela yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, kodwa kuyathakazelisa uma kuziwa kwikhwalithi kanye nokuhlaba umxhwele. Ihlukaniswa ngokuthi:
Mhlophe: Ihambisana nenye yezinhlanganisela ezikhanga kakhulu, etholwe ngenxa yokukhetha ukukhetha kwama-turkeys ayenamabala amhlophe iphethini yawo. Uguquko eziluphethe luholela ku-leucism ephelele, evimbela i-melanin ukuthi ingabi khona kumangqamuzana ophaphe, okushiya izimpaphe zabo bobabili ubulili mhlophe ngokuphelele. Inzalo, ekuzalweni, inombala ophuzi okhanyayo, ofana nombala we Ama-Canaries abancane.
Bronze: Kubhekiselwa ezimpahleni ezisentanyeni, ekhanda nasemehlweni alula (ocelli) omsila wesibili, okuyithoni ensundu eqinile, enezingxenye ezithile ezisansimbi eziluhlaza ezigqame ekhanda, ezikwazi ukuba mnyama ezindaweni eziseduze. emzimbeni.
Cameo: Isikhashana ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqomisana, izimpaphe ziba nsundu ngokumnyama, kodwa ziyakhanya njengoba izinsuku zihamba, zibe nsundu ngokufiphala, okufana “nekhofi elinobisi”, amaphiko abe phaphathekile ngandlela thize kunolayini wesibili. Intamo nekhanda kuhlala kunsundu ngokumnyama, kuyilapho i-ocelli ivumela ukuboniswa kwemibala ehlukahlukene ensundu. Izimpaphe zensikazi zinombala okhilimu, azinayo i-iridescence noma amathoni avelele kakhulu.
Amalahle: Ngokwalokhu, izindawo lapho endaweni yasendle ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kulokhu kuguqulwa zimnyama ngokucwebezelayo, ngaphandle kokucwebezela okukhulu. Umsila wesibili unombala omnyama kuye kompunga, unamehlo awodwa, anethoni eqinile. Endabeni yabesifazane, bavame ukuba mnyama kunezinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ngaphandle kokugqamisa okuluhlaza kwentamo.
Jade: Indawo engaphambili kwenyoni inombala oluhlaza okotshani, ofana ne-jade. Umsila wesibili unsundu, ngokugqama kwe-olive onamehlo alula aluhlaza.
Phakathi kwamabili: Ngokufana okukhulu nombala wohlobo lwasendle, ngokungafani ne-melanism ephelele efinyelela ithoni emnyama kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba wayo.
opal: Ngaphambili kwe Iphigogo inompunga obumnyama, kanti wonke umzimba unomthunzi ompunga okhanyayo. Ukukhanya kwesifuba ku-violet futhi umsila wesibili unemibala ye-olive ene-blue, purple and green spots. Ezinsikazi namaphuphu azo zimpunga ngokuphelele.
ipentshisiUkubukeka: Kuqukethe umthunzi ogqamile onsundu ekhanda, intamo kanye nengxenye engaphezulu yomzimba, kuhlanganise ne-plume, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ama-shades alula, abe phakathi kwe-brown ne-orange, ecishe ifane namapentshisi, esondela emhlophe; kwabesifazane izithunzi ezinsundu zilula.
I-Purple: Kulesi simo, i-blue yentamo igqamile kakhulu, ibonisa ukubonakaliswa okunsomi. Indawo eseduze nendawo emnyama yeso elilodwa inobunsomi, kuyilapho intamo yezinsikazi inamabala ansomi.
Taupe: Ngokufana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-opal, noma kunjalo, i-shades yesilisa ifakwe nge-uniform light light grey, enezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhanya okunsundu.
Umehluko phakathi kwamaphethini
Lezi zinguquko zikhiqiza amaphethini amahle kakhulu, akhangayo kakhulu, kodwa futhi aqondile ngokwehlukana kwezinhlobo eziye zenzeka. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
uphiko olumnyama: Ekuqaleni yayithathwa njenge-subspecies ye-phenotype yasendle, kodwa empeleni i-genetic randomness ekhiqiza i-melanism kwabesilisa. Umehluko utholakala ezimpapheni zesibili neziphakeme zamaphiko ukuthi, esikhundleni sokulandelana kwemigqa, ibonise i-hue emnyama ngokuphelele noma enamabala amancane amhlophe. I-Melanism ingathinta okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesifuba nentamo, ibe namandla ophikweni olumnyama. Izimpaphe zensikazi nazo zisengozini.
Harlequin: Kule phethini, kukhona i-leucism eyingxenye ezindaweni ezinkulu zomzimba wayo, yingakho izindawo ezinkulu ezimhlophe zisakazwa ngokukhululekile futhi zisakazeke kuzo zonke izimpaphe zabo bobabili ubulili, kuyilapho kukhona ezinye izindawo ezinombala onethoni eyisisekelo. .
Iso elimhlophe: Iso elilula le-polychrome limhlophe kuma-offset ahlukahlukene. Izimpaphe zamaphiko okuqala zivame ukuba mhlophe. Ezinye izimpaphe zingatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala.
i-harlequin yesiliva: Ihambisana nesamba sezinhlanganisela ezimbili zephethini yangaphambilini, ikhiqiza ipigogo ye-harlequin enamehlo alula anombala omhlophe. Izimpaphe zayo eziningi zine-tinge emhlophe enezindawo ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neplatinamu. Ezikhathini zamuva, kufunwa ukuhlanganisa nezinhlanganisela ezahlukene.
Iziphambano zama-turkeys ahlukene (amaHybrids)
Kuqashelwa njenge-a Iphigogo "Ukusakaza» enzalweni exubile noma ye-mestizo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, umkhiqizo weziphambano phakathi kwesifanekiso se-Pavo cristatus kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kanye nenye yezinhlobo ezihlobene zaseTurkey umvini (Iphigogo elinentamo eluhlaza). Ibizwa ngaleli gama ukuhlonipha iNorth American Keith Spalding, umfuyi wokuqala walezi Izinyoni. Izimpaphe zale hybrid ziyizinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, zibe luhlaza futhi zibe nezindawo zethusi entanyeni nasesifubeni.
Ipulangwe liminyene ngokulingene futhi lide. Esifundeni sobuso kukhona indawo emhlophe engenalutho eyakhiwe isikhumba se-orbital esinwebeka eduze nezindlebe namehlo. Inobude nobubanzi obukhulu kunepigogo elivamile, kodwa inebala elizacile ngandlela-thile, futhi isesimweni esihle kakhulu, iyisiphambano esithambekele emathubeni okuthi izinguquko ezinkulu zingenzeka noma zibe kuyo.
Adlani amaphigogo?
Lolu hlobo luyi-omnivorous, lunokudla okubalulekile kwembewu, amajikijolo, izithelo, imifino, izinambuzane, izitshalo, amaxoxo, nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane. I Amaphigogo bahamba besontekile okwenyoka, bagijima njengamakati futhi baqapha njengenyathi endala lapho bebuka ukunyakaza kwezitha zabo. Ziyizinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni futhi zinesithembu; iduna ngalinye lingaba nabalingane abane noma abahlanu abangabajwayele.
Le nyoni idla futhi yakha isidleke sayo phansi, emgodini ongashoni evame ukuwuvala ngamagatsha noma amahlamvu. Ngokuphambene nobukhulu bayo nezimpaphe ezinde, ikwazi ukwenza izindiza ezimfushane, eziyenza kuphela ukuze ifinyelele emagatsheni ezihlahla lapho ilala khona futhi ichitha ubusuku bonke, ngaphezu kokuyivimbela kunoma iyiphi inyamazane edla ezinye. .
Amaphigogo azalana kanjani?
Isikhathi sokushisa nokukhwelana sisentwasahlobo, lapho eyeduna izala nezinsikazi eziningana, ezingaba kusukela kwezi-4 kuye kweziyisi-6. Eyensikazi izalela amaqanda amane nayisishiyagalombili ansundu ngokukhanyayo, achanyuselwa insikazi kuphela esikhathini esithile. izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili; ngesikhathi inzalo izalwa, inezimpaphe ezimbalwa ezinsundu futhi ithwala i-tuft encane ekhanda layo.
Ama-resonance akhiqizwa isilwane awavamile ukukhanga njengobukhona baso, ngokuvamile afana nama-squawks angafaniswa ne-meow yekati, nokuduma okujulile ngokumangalisayo. Imvamisa, ikhipha imisindo ebukhali kakhulu efana neyomntwana ocela usizo; Lapho iphambi kwensikazi, eyeduna iveza umsila wayo omkhulu wesibili, ogcwele i-ocelli enhle.
Izimo ipigogo elingase libe nazo
Kuvela ukuthi zizwela kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, zikwazi ukubhekana nezimo zokuphefumula, izifo zamathumbu kanye nesifo sofuba. Uma sebengama-degree centigrade amabili (2°C). Amaphigogo imilenze yabo ikhubazekile, okubangela ukuba bangakwazi ukuhamba, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi; ziyizinyoni ezingadalelwe indawo enamazinga okushisa abucayi.
Iqhaza lepigogo emlandweni womhlaba
Le nyoni idabuka eNdiya. Ngesikhathi u-Alexander Omkhulu enza lolu hambo nokunqoba entshonalanga yeNdiya yasendulo, wakwazi ukuthola lezi zinyoni futhi wahambisa nezibonelo ezimbalwa emzini waseBabiloni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu hlobo lwasakazekela eMediya, ePheresiya futhi kamuva lusuka kule mibuso, amaRoma aluyisa ezwenikazi laseYurophu.
Impucuko yasendulo yayiyijabulela kakhulu inyama namaqanda alezi zinyoni. Kukholakala ukuthi isikhulumi uQuinto Hortensio Hórtalo kwaba ngumuntu wokuqala owethula phakathi kwamaRoma injabulo yenyama yalezi zidalwa eziphilayo, akwazi ukunikela ngesenzakalo esikhulu asinikeza lapho i-augur isungulwa. UMarco Anfidio Luco wayengumuntu wokuqala owacabanga ukuwahlanganisa njengohlobo lomhlambi futhi awakhuluphalise.
Ipigogo lithandwa kakhulu ezikhumbuzo zasendulo. Ubonakala noJuno emgcina esondelene naye, okumqinisa kakhulu. Kubuye kuchazwe kabanzi ngezindondo zamaSamos, ezidume ngesiko abalenza kulo nkulunkulukazi nasezindondoni zamaRoma lapho ipigogo noJuno bezingabonwa khona. Ezimbalwa kuphela, i-turkey ibonwa ezinyaweni ze-Isis ne-Providence, ikhombisa ngendlela ephawulekayo impumelelo yokunqotshwa kwamakhosikazi. I-turkey enomsila wayo ovulekile yayiwuphawu oluyize.
Ukubaluleka kwepigogo emasikweni nasemlandweni womhlaba
Incazelo yepigogo ibanzi, ngokobukhulu obunabo, yadonsa amehlo abantu ngendlela enamandla ezikhathini ezedlule. Nakuba ihlobene nalokho okuyize, i Iphigogo Kuyinto, emasikweni amaningi, uphawu lwelanga elihlobene eduze nobuhle, ukungafi kanye nenkazimulo. Ivela eNdiya, ekubeni u-Alexander Omkhulu Omkhulu owayenza yaziwa eNtshonalanga, kanye nethonya layo elingokomfanekiso kulo lonke elase-Asia Minor, kuhlanganise neGrisi ngeNkathi Yakudala.
Ukubaluleka kwayo noma ubudlelwano neLanga, ngokungangabazeki, buxhumene nomsila wayo obanzi wemithunzi ehlukene kanye nokumelelwa kwawo ngendlela yamehlo okuthi, ngenxa yokuma kwawo okuyisiyingi nokucwebezela kwawo, nakho kuhlotshaniswa nomjikelezo obalulekile nongunaphakade wemvelo. . Ipigogo njengamanje inyoni yesizwe yaseNdiya. Ngokwesiko lamaHindu, le nyoni ikwazi ukuholela ku-Skanda, unkulunkulu wempi.
Esikhathini samaGreki, yaba inyoni emele uHera, unkulunkulukazi obaluleke kakhulu wamaGreki wase-Olympus, umkaZeus osemthethweni kanye nonkulunkulukazi wabesifazane nomshado. Ngokwezinkolelo, uHera waphathisa u-Argos, umdondoshiya onamehlo aqondile ayinkulungwane, ukuba alandele omunye wabesifazane bomyeni wakhe ongathembekile, kodwa waqothulwa uHermes. Lapho unkulunkulukazi ezwa ngokufa kuka-Argos, wabamba amehlo angaba yikhulu wawabeka emsileni wepigogo, okwenza ukuba libonakale njengamanje.
EMbusweni WamaRoma, izindlovukazi namakhosazana babamba le nyoni njengophawu lwabo siqu. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, ipigogo yakwazi ukumela umKristu, imxhumanisa ngendlela enkulu ehlobene noNkulunkulukazikazi Omkhulu, yingakho akunzima ukuhlanganisa ubunye bakhe obuhle noMariya uMariya kanye nobukhulu bePharadesi. Uma sikhuluma ngenkolo yobuKrestu, ithathwa njengophawu lokuvuka kukaKristu ngoba ngesizini yokuqala yonyaka, ngesikhathi sePhasika, inyoni ishintsha izimpaphe zayo ngokuphelele.
Akuvamile neze ukulimelela livule umsila, ngoba liwumfanekiso okhuthaza ize, umqondo ophikisana nesisa kanye nobulula besigijimi sobuKristu. Zibhekwa ezithombeni eziqoshiwe zekhulu lesine nalesi sithombe esontweni lamaRoma laseSanta Constancia, kanye nasemathuneni athile obuKristu. Ngobubanzi, ngezindlela ze Amaphigogo badalula inyoni ephuza enkomishini noma enkomishini naseMthonjeni Wokuphila, okubonisa ukuzalwa kabusha nokukhula ngokomoya.
Ubunjalo bepigogo obukhazimulayo nobungajwayelekile budonse ukunaka kwabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, befuna ukubazisa ngolwazi nenkolo yokhokho ngezikhathi ezehlukene emlandweni, kuqale ngezifunda zezwe okuyizindawo zabo zokuqala zokuhlala. Amasiko amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo atholakala eNingizimu ye-India naseSri Lanka, amxhumanisa nonkulunkulu bendawo; imidanso eminingi yomdabu yase-India ikhombisa izinyathelo ezigqugquzelwe ukuthandana kwepigogo.