I-NASA ithokozise umhlaba wokuhlolwa komkhathi ngokumemezela amagama osomkhathi abazoba yingxenye yomsebenzi obhekwe ngabomvu ka-Artemis II. Ihlelelwe uNovemba 2024, le nhloso yesibili yohlelo lwe-Artemis ihlose ukwenza indiza ezungezayo eya eNyangeni okokuqala ngqa kusukela kumishini eyingqophamlando ye-Apollo 17 ngo-1972.
Okulandelayo, sizofunda kabanzi mayelana nosomkhathi kanye nezinjongo ezijabulisayo zalo mkhankaso. Ngokungangabazeki, kuye kwaba isihloko esikhulu ukubona ukuthi kanjani I-NASA yembula osomkhathi bemishini ka-Artemis II: ibheke eNyangeni futhi.
Osomkhathi bemishini ye-Artemis II
Abalingiswa balolu hambo olujabulisayo lwasemkhathini umkhuzi u-Gregory Reid Wiseman, umshayeli wendiza u-Victor Glover, unjiniyela u-Christina Koch kanye nochwepheshe u-Jeremy Hansen. Ngamunye uletha isipiliyoni esibanzi nolwazi emkhakheni wokuhlola indawo, okubenza babe abantu abafanelekile kulo msebenzi oyingqopha-mlando.
- UChristina Hammock Koch uzojoyina iqembu njengonjiniyela. Ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe okuvelele ku-International Space Station kanye neqhaza lakhe emkhathini wokuqala wesifazane wonke kumenza umuntu okhuthazayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
- UJeremy HansenOdabuka e-Canadian Space Agency, uletha ulwazi lwakhe njengomphathi weRoyal Canadian Air Force kanye nomsebenzi wakhe endaweni eyingozi kakhulu e-Aquarius Reef Base labhorethri engaphansi kwamanzi, esetshenziswa yi-NASA ukuqeqesha osomkhathi.
- Umshayeli wendiza UVictor Glover uhole indiza yokuqala ye-SpaceX Dragon eya eSiteshini Somkhathi Samazwe Ngamazwe, ekhombisa ikhono lakhe nobuchule bakhe ohambweni lwasemkhathini oluphambili.
- Ekugcineni, UGregory Reid Wiseman, umkhuzi wemishini, unokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi ku-International Space Station futhi usebenze njengeNhloko Yehhovisi le-Astronaut ye-NASA.
Leli thimba losomkhathi lizomela ingqophamlando emlandweni wokuhlolwa komkhathi, njengoba lihlanganisa owesifazane wokuqala, uChristina Koch, kanye nosonkanyezi wokuqala ongeyena mhlophe, uVictor Glover, ukubamba iqhaza kumishini yenyanga. Ukukhethwa kwabo kuwumyalezo onamandla wokufakwa kanye nokwehlukahlukana enkundleni yasemkhathini, ogcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisana ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso zokuvelela.
Sibonga ithimba le-astronaut
Ngaphambi kokudalula amagama, UNorman Knight, Umqondisi Wemisebenzi Yezindiza, uzwakalise ukubonga kulo lonke ithimba losomkhathi beNASA, beqaphela ukuzinikezela nokuzidela kwabo. Ugcizelele ukuthi nakuba kukhulunywa ngabantu abane, bonke osomkhathi nemishini yokusekela badlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni yawo wonke umsebenzi wasemkhathini.
UJoe Acaba, oyiNhloko ye-NASA Yosomkhathi, ugcizelele ukubaluleka kokusebenzisana ngokubambisana ekuhloleni umkhathi. Uqaphele ukuthi laba bosonkanyezi abane ngeke bahambe bodwa, kodwa bayingxenye yethimba lomhlaba wonke elakhiwe onjiniyela, ososayensi, abaqeqeshi kanye nosekelo lobuchwepheshe abasebenza ngokuzikhandla ukwenza le mishini ibe ngokoqobo.
Uhlelo lwe-Artemis nezinjongo zalo
Uhlelo lwe-Artemis, olwaqalwa ngo-2017, lunezinjongo zalo eziyinhloko ukubuyisela umuntu eNyangeni kanye nokusungulwa kwekamu eliyisisekelo elihlala njalo ukuze kube lula ukuhlola okuzayo ku-Mars.. U-Artemis I, umsebenzi wokuqala walolu hlelo, wenziwe ngempumelelo ngoNovemba 2022, futhi manje u-Arthemisi II uzophawula ukuqala kwemishini eyenziwa ngabantu. I-Artemis II ihlelelwe ukwethulwa ngoNovemba 2024, futhi umgomo wayo uwukwenza indiza ezungeza iNyanga ngaphambi kokubuyela eMhlabeni.
Imisebenzi ezayo: u-Arthemisi III kanye no-Arthemisi IV
Ngemva kuka-Arthemisi II, uhlelo luka-Artemis luzoqhubeka nemishini emisha. I-Artemis III, ihlelelwe u-2025, ihlose ukuhlala eNyangeni okokuqala kusukela ku-Apollo 17. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Artemis IV, ihlelelwe u-2028, izogxila ekuhlanganisweni kweplatifomu yeLunar Gateway, imojula yezindlu kanye nelabhorethri yenyanga.
Iphrojekthi ka-Artemis: isiqalo esiyimpumelelo esinombono omuhle wesikhathi esizayo
U-Artemis uhlanganisa iphrojekthi enkulu enesiqalo esiyimpumelelo okufanele siyikhumbule. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho sizoqonda khona ukuvela kwalesi siphakamiso esikhulu sesayensi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaso, sinikeze indlela yokuzalwa kwemishini emisha esishiwo ngaphambili. Hlala nathi ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa kwemishini yephrojekthi ye-Artemis:
U-Artemis I mission: isinyathelo sokuqala esiyimpumelelo
Imishini ka-Artemis I kwaba umkhankaso wokuqala ohlelweni lwe-NASA luka-Artemis, olwethulwe ngoNovemba 16, 2022. Lona bekuwumsebenzi ongenamuntu owawuhloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola uhlelo lokwethulwa kwe-Space Launch System (SLS) kanye nomkhumbi-mkhathi i-Orion.
Phakathi nomsebenzi, umkhumbi-mkhathi we-Orion wenza imijikelezo emibili ezungeza iNyanga ngaphambi kokubuyela eMhlabeni. Lokhu kuhlola kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlola ukusebenza kanye nekhono lomkhumbi-mkhathi ukuze umelane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zasemkhathini, okuhlanganisa nokungena kabusha emkhathini woMhlaba.
Impumelelo ka-Arthemisi I yaba ingqopha-mlando enkulu ohlelweni luka-Artemis, njengoba yabonisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokwethula kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi yemishini yesikhathi esizayo eqhutshwa abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqoqa idatha ebalulekile ezoba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ezidingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe osomkhathi abangabantu eNyangeni.
U-Arthemisi II: ukuqala kwemishini eyenziwe ngabantu
U-Arthemisi I wabeka isisekelo semishini elandelayo yalolu hlelo: U-Arthemisi II, okuzophawula ukuqala kwemishini yabantu. Le mishini ephethwe umuntu ihlose ukubuyela eNyangeni futhi isungule ukuba khona okusimeme ku-satellite yethu yemvelo, ibeka isisekelo sokuhlola indawo yesikhathi esizayo, okuhlanganisa nokuvakashela i-Mars.
U-Artemis III no-Arthemisi IV: ikusasa elifisa ukuvelela
Imisebenzi emisha isivele ihlelelwe ikusasa ngohlelo lwe-Artemis. Inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe yale phrojekthi ibe nkulu kangangokuthi singazibonela ngokuziqhenya ukusebenza kwemishini esikhathini esidlule okwakungamaphupho ezinganekwane zesayensi.
Ukwethulwa okulandelayo kuhleliwe - njengoba kushiwo emigqeni edlule - ka-2025 (Artemis III) kanye no-2028 (Artemis IV) ngezinjongo zokuvelela ezihlelwe yisayensi iminyaka futhi ezizokwazi ukwenzeka ekugcineni.: buyela eNyangeni okwesibili (Artemis II, 2025) futhi usungule inkundla yeLunar enenjongo yokuhlaliswa kwabantu, ucwaningo ngisho nokuhambela i-Mars (Artemis IV, 2028).
Imisebenzi ka-Arthemisi ngeke iyeke ukusimangaza
LUkukhetha kosomkhathi kumishini ka-Artemis II kuyisinyathelo esijabulisayo sokuhlola umkhathi okuqhubekayo kanye nokunqoba iNyanga nangale kwayo. Laba bosonkanyezi ababalulekile bahlanganisa ukuzinikela, umoya weqembu kanye nokwehluka okudingekayo ukuze bafinyelele imingcele emisha futhi bavule iminyango yekusasa lokutholwa kwesayensi okungakaze kubonwe kanye nentuthuko.
Singabonga kuphela umsebenzi omangalisayo wocwaningo wethimba lezinhlaka eziningi lochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, elingokomzimba kanye, vele, nelomuntu. Njengomphakathi siyaziqhenya ngokubona izihloko zezindaba ezifana nalesi esivula ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko: "I-NASA yembula osomkhathi bomsebenzi ka-Artemis II: ukubhekisa amabombo eNyangeni futhi."